底质类型对热带海草海菖蒲种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

近几十年来,受到人类活动和气候变化的影响,全球海草床呈现退化趋势,海草床的恢复备受关注。其中,海草种子或幼苗移植由于其对供体海草床破坏和影响较小,并能保证海草的遗传多样性而备受重视。移植区的底质类型是决定海草种子或幼苗移植存活率的重要因子,然而,目前关于热带海草种子萌发和幼苗生长对不同底质类型响应的研究很有限。本研究以热带海草海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)种子为研究对象,利用室内模拟实验,分别设置细砂和砂砾底质的处理,探讨不同底质类型对海菖蒲种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。研究发现,细砂组和砂砾组的萌发率和萌发历期的平均值分别96.3%、3.6 d和95.0%、3.4 d,两个处理组之间差异不显著。萌发后的细砂组海菖蒲幼苗的存活率为97.37%,而砂砾组的幼苗存活率仅为81.58%;另外,海菖蒲幼苗的叶片长度、根长度、叶片生长速率和根生长速率在细砂组均显著高于砂砾组。因此,沉积物粒径的差异对海草种子的萌发率和萌发时间没有显著性影响,但沉积物粒径增大会显著降低萌发后海菖蒲幼苗的存活率和生长速率。因此,未来开展海菖蒲种子或幼苗的野外移植,应选取沉积物粒径较小细砂质区域进行移植,可促进海菖蒲种子或幼苗移植的成活率,提高海菖蒲生态修复的成功率。     

基于GF-1卫星的海上溢油定量监测——以青岛溢油事故为例

基于GF-1卫星数据对2013年11月22日青岛黄潍输油管道爆炸造成的海面溢油进行定量监测。研究首先采用2013年11月26日GF-1卫星数据对海面溢油进行提取,其统计面积为0.67 km2;其次,结合肖剑伟提出的油膜厚度单波段反演模型估算油膜厚度,最终计算得到溢油量为0.28 t;最后,对Band 1反射率与油膜厚度结果进行灰度分割,将溢油污染程度分为6级,对比发现两者分级结果较为一致。由此得出,通过反射率直接进行灰度分割可以对溢油污染进行有效的等级评定。     

Effect of Cyclic Loading Frequency on Undrained Behaviors of Undisturbed Marine Clay

Based on a series of cyclic triaxial tests, the effect of cyclic frequency on the undrained behaviors of undisturbed marine clay is investigated. For a given dynamic stress ratio, the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase with the number of cycles. There exists a threshold value for beth the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain, below which the effect of cyclic frequency is very small, but above which the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase intensely with the decrease of cyclic frequency for a given number of cycles. The dynamic strength increases with the increase of cyclic frequency, whereas the effect of cyclic frequency on it gradually diminishes to zero when the number of cycles is large enough, and the dynamic strengths at different frequencies tend to the same limiting minimum dynamic strength. The test results demonstrate that the reasons for the frequency effect on the undrained soil behaviors are beth the creep effect induced by the loading rate and the decrease of sample effective confining pressure caused by the accumulated pore water pressure.     

Analysis of 1989/1990 main physical fields for air-sea coupled system in the tropical western Pacific

In this paper, the marine ship observation data sets in the seventh (October 16-December 4. 1989) and eighth (June 1-July 16, 1990) cruises of PRC -US tropical ocean and global atmosphere (TOGA) joint scientific investigation in the tropical western Pacific are used to analyze the elements such as sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind field, fluxes and net heat budget, which are important physical parameters of underlying earth's surface influencing the global mean circulation evolution on seasonal and interannual time scales. These diagnostic analyses are very beneficial to the understanding of the regional climate characteristics and the air-sea interaction mechanism, and the improving of surface flux parameterizations and regional or global climate model.     

福建海岛潮间带软体动物群落分布特征

福建海岛潮间带软体动物共鉴定248种，隶属于5纲78科161属，应用群落系数，等级聚类分析和极坐标排序研究软体动物落分布，结果表明，软体动物群落可分为3种类型，即河口型群落，近岸港湾群落和开阔海域群落，群落分布与海岛所处地理位置及其生境类型密切相关，盐度和水动力是重要的影响因子。     

Studies on the distribution and antibacterial properties of Streptomyces in the intertidal zone of Southern Fujian

The oceans have rich resources of microbes. In recent years, searching for antibiotic of new structure and special biological activity from marine microbes has received great attention. This paper reports the results of the studies on the distribution and the antibacterial properties of Streptomyces in the intertidal zone of Southern Fujian. These studies have important significance to further investigate     

海水中234Th的超低水平液闪谱仪测定

本文提出了利用超低水平液闪谱仪测定海水中234Th的方法.海水经氢氧化铁吸附共沉淀富集后,接着用阴离子交换和TBP/煤油萃取进行Th同位素的分离与纯化.对一系列测定条件进行了详细的研究,提出了测定海水中234Th的适宜程序,即在含有234Th和产额示踪剂230Th的纯化后的5mol/dm3HNO3溶液中加入TBP/煤油进行萃取,然后用0.1mol/dm3HNO3反萃取,后者是先用契伦柯夫计数法测量234Th(通过234mPa),后加入闪烁液Hisafe 3用α/β模式测量α放射体230Th.对于α和β放射体液闪谱仪的计数效率分别为100%和55.7%±2.7%.234Th的化学回收率和总探测效率分别为70%～80%和30%～45%.该法测定海水中的234Th快速、简便和高效.     

长牡蛎碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

本文以长牡蛎为酶源提取材料,用正丁醇抽提,硫酸铵分级分离,DEAE-52和Sephadex G-100柱层析,得到一定纯度的碱性磷酸酶,提纯倍数为61.96,比活力达1.326U/mg.该酶的最适pH值9.6,最适温度38℃,初速度6.8μmol/(dm~3·min),米氏常数Km值为1.30mmol/dm~3.实验结果表明,Mg~(2+)对该酶有明显的激活作用;Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Hg~(2+)对该酶有明显的抑制作用.     

合浦珠母贝26S蛋白酶体S4,S7亚基基因片段的分离与分析

26S蛋白酶体是真核生物中一种具有ATP依赖性的蛋白酶复合体,主要通过泛肽途径选择性降解细胞内与代谢调控、细胞周期有关的功能蛋白及异常蛋白,参与多种细胞活动的调控过程。26S蛋白酶体由具有催化活性的20S亚复合体和一个具有调节作用的19S亚复合体组成,其中19S亚复合体中的ATP酶亚基是调节26S蛋白酶体活性的重要组件。本通过简并引物PCR手段,从软体动物合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)中扩增到参与构成19S亚复合体的S4和S7(MSS1)两个亚基的基因片段。这两个基因片段所编码的ATP酶组件包含有Gx4GKT,DEID,SAT和H／QRxGRxxR等26S蛋白酶体ATP酶亚基的共同功能基序。这是首次在软体动物中报道26S蛋白酶体的ATP酶亚基基因序列,为研究软体动物中26S蛋白酶体的结构与功能奠定了分子基础。     

舟山群岛一次"晴天暴"过程分析

主要使用常规填图资料计算各种物理量,对一次“晴天暴”大风过程进行诊断分析,结果表明此次大风的形成机制是:在强盛的西北急流作用下,急行性干冷锋快速东移南下,形成中低层的强温度梯度和地面气压梯度,高空冷平流与地面加热共同作用,形成大的温度层结递减率,产生不稳定层结,引起垂直动量交换,因此地面出现强风。最后总结出此类大风的预报思路。