广东岩溶区某输电塔桩基稳定性数值模拟分析

采用数值模拟手段研究了广东某岩溶区输电塔桩基与下伏溶洞协同变形的规律。通过不同位置应力、位移、塑性区变化监测,发现覆盖层部分应力分布较均匀,受溶洞影响较小,但溶洞围岩应力变化较大,溶洞顶板出现较大的向下弯曲变形,桩底下移明显,特别是当桩基荷载较大且下伏覆溶洞埋深较浅时,溶洞顶板将可能失稳,进而引起桩基破坏。不同嵌岩深度桩基变形特征表明,桩基嵌岩深度与溶洞变形具有正相关关系。     

基于ArcGIS的房地产价格空间分布研究

首先以深圳市福田区部分普通住宅的房地产价格为数据基础,利用空间分布分析中的最近邻距离分析法确定了各住宅的空间分布情况,即呈簇状分布状态;然后,运用空间自相关理论和方法,选用Moran,指数对研究区域的房价自相关关系进行测度和实证分析,从而得到深圳市景田区部分住宅房地产价格的空间自相关性情况;最后,利用ArcGIS中的地统计分析工具对整个区域的房地产价格进行了拟合,得到研究区域房价的空间分布情况。     

Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activities on streamflow from the Wuding River basin in China

Located in the Loess Plateau of China, the Wuding River basin (30 261 km²) contributes significantly to the total sediment yield in the Yellow River. To reduce sediment yield from the catchment, large-scale soil conservation measures have been implemented in the last four decades. These included building terraces and sediment-trapping dams and changing land cover by planting trees and improving pastures. It is important to assess the impact of these measures on the hydrology of the catchment and to provide a scientific basis for future soil conservation planning. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall–Sneyers rank test was employed to detect trends and changes in annual streamflow for the period of 1961 to 1997. Two methods were used to assess the impact of climate variability on mean annual streamflow. The first is based on a framework describing the sensitivity of annual streamflow to precipitation and potential evaporation, and the second relies on relationships between annual streamflow and precipitation. The two methods produced consistent results. A significant downward trend was found for annual streamflow, and an abrupt change occurred in 1972. The reduction in annual streamflow between 1972 and 1997 was 42% compared with the baseline period (1961–1971). Flood-season streamflow showed an even greater reduction of 49%. The streamflow regime of the catchment showed a relative reduction of 31% for most percentile flows, except for low flows, which showed a 57% reduction. The soil conservation measures reduced streamflow variability, leading to more uniform streamflow. It was estimated that the soil conservation measures account for 87% of the total reduction in mean annual streamflow in the period of 1972 to 1997, and the reduction due to changes in precipitation and potential evaporation was 13%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多参数信息扩散估计的精度评定

作为一种稳健估计方法,同选权迭代估计一样,信息扩散估计也是通过对粗差观测值降权达到抗差效果,由于不需迭代,信息扩散得到的权就相当于迭代稳定后的权.在此思想基础上,讨论高斯-马尔柯夫模型下多参数信息扩散估计的精度评定方法.     

Seasonal variability in free-living marine nematode community structure in a sandy beach of the Taiping Bay of Qingdao, China

Nematode assemblage composition, trophic structure and biodiversity were followed over an annual cycle in a sandy beach of the Taiping Bay of Qingdao, China. Nematode assemblage in the sandy beach maintained a high genus diversity （75 genera）. Mlero- laimus and Bathylaimus were the dominant genus of the nematode assemblage, accounting for 66% of the total nematode abundance. The nematodes＇ dominant trophic structure changed seasonally as a response to the seasonal changes in food quality. Epigrowth-feeder nematodes （2A） were the dominant trophic groups in the trophic structure with the highest abundance in spring because of phytoplankton bloom, while the feeding type （ 1 B） showed higher abundance in summer that was due to the increasing of sediment detritus after spring bloom. Furthermore, species diversity and evenness calculated on nematodes identified to the genus level displayed significant temporal changes, which was also reflected by the index of trophic diversity. According to the cluster analysis, the nematode community structure of the whole year was clearly separated into two periods （A and B）. Biota-Envlron- ment matching （BIOENV） results showed that seawater temperature, sediment Chl a and grain size were responsible for the nema- tode community structure variation in spring and summer period （Period A）. However, seawater/interstitial water temperature, interstitial water dissolved oxygen concentration,interstitial water salinity, and sediment Ph a a were more important in constructing the autumn and winter period （Period B） nematode community structure.     

运动目标轨迹数据管理的关键技术研究

运动目标的轨迹数据是空间信息系统的重要信息源。只有科学、合理、高效地利用运动目标的轨迹数据,才能更好地掌握多维动态变化的空间环境。在介绍运动目标的概念和国内外研究现状之后,重点分析运动目标时空数据模型(Moving Objects Spatio-temporal Data Model)相关的关键技术并提出相应的解决方案。     

自动化多面函数GPS高程拟合在既有铁路中的应用

大量的既有铁路面临改造从而提高铁路运输效率。相比传统的全站仪测量方法,利用GPS技术进行控制测量能够极大地提高效率。针对GPS控制测量在既有铁路中控制网建设中的应用,提出一种新的自动化多面函数模型用于既有铁路的GPS高程拟合。结果表明,自动化多面函数能够实现结点和结点个数自动选取,提高高程拟合精度。既有铁路高程拟合实例表明,自动化多面函数GPS高程拟合模型精度明显优于二次曲面函数模型。     

基于离心机模型试验的甘肃江顶崖古滑坡复活机理研究

位于白龙江断裂带的甘肃舟曲江顶崖古滑坡规模巨大,受断裂活动、降雨入渗与河流侵蚀和人类工程活动等因素影响,多次发生复活-堵塞白龙江灾害事件,造成极大危害。为研究江顶崖古滑坡的复活机理,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,重点开展了滑体在含水率为10%、15%和20%条件下的离心机模型试验。研究表明:在滑体含水率为10%情况下,试验结束后仅在坡体中后部产生少量裂缝,但滑坡体整体还处于稳定状态; 而在滑体含水率为15%和20%情况下,滑坡均发生了破坏,在滑体含水率分别为15%、20%情况下坡体失稳所需离心加速度分别为100g和50g。试验测试分析表明,江顶崖古滑坡为推移式滑坡,其变形先从坡体中后部开始,坡体中后部产生裂缝,随后裂缝逐渐向前缘扩展,最终裂缝贯通造成滑坡滑动破坏。滑坡体的变形过程主要分为3个阶段: ①变形启动阶段(裂缝开始形成阶段); ②变形加速阶段(裂缝加速发展阶段); ③失稳阶段。通过离心模拟试验,结合野外调查分析,认为江顶崖古滑坡复活的因素主要受降雨和孔隙水压力的影响,是受前缘河流侵蚀牵引、降雨入渗造成滑坡中后部推移的耦合滑动。     

城市地下空间开发利用地质适宜性三维评价指标体系研究——以杭州市为例

地下空间开发地质适宜性三维评价是合理进行地下空间立体化开发、降低开发地质风险的重要手段,也是当前研究热点。作为地质适宜性三维评价全过程的重要一环,科学合理地建立三维评价指标体系是其能否正确开展的前提基础。通过结合杭州城市地下空间开发面临的地质问题,在系统分析各评价指标对地下空间开发建设影响的特征基础上,以三维视角从地层三维结构等多个方面构建完成了一套具有多层次结构的三维评价指标体系,并采用层次分析方法对评价指标进行了目标权重的计算、一致性检验、排序和分析。该指标体系可划分为5个准则层21个指标层,相较于二维评价指标体系,通过融合三维地质模型和三维空间分析方法,使评价过程中能够考虑更多的评价因子,更好地描绘地下复杂的三维地质环境,丰富了三维评价结果的内涵。基于模糊综合评价方法的杭州钱江新城二期的三维评价应用成果表明,该指标体系为三维地质模型和三维空间分析方法之间的整合提供了有力的指导,为提升三维尺度下的地下空间开发地质适宜性评价精度和准确性提供了有力的支持。     

西湖总磷模型构建及内循环引水效果分析

调水是目前快速改善湖泊水质的有效方法之一,但是对于调水所能达到的最佳效果研究很少。以杭州西湖为例,利用环境流体动力学模型EFDC构建了西湖TP模型,对通过苏堤各桥孔的流量、外西湖分层流场和水质浓度进行了验证,分析了在现有外围调水情况下增加西湖内循环引水后西湖TP的时空变化。模拟结果表明,增加内循环引水,直接将低浓度区的水引至高浓度区,能够明显降低高浓度区的水质;低浓度区由于引水量的减小,区域内水质浓度会有一定的上升;全湖平均水质浓度基本不会发生改变。在没有增加外部引水的情况下,内循环引水可以使湖泊水体掺混更加均匀,对于防止高浓度区富营养化有很好的效果。增加内循环引水对西湖改善高浓度区水质有一定的指导意义,同时也可为相似湖泊增加内循环引水措施提供借鉴。