ICP-MS及其联用技术在海洋地质研究中的应用前景

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)具有灵敏度高、检出限低、选择性好、线性范围宽、能进行多元素和同位素比测定等优点,广泛应用于环境、地质、医药、食品和高纯物质等领域。ICP—MS与其他进样及分析技术的联用,大大地扩展了其应用范围。重点介绍了ICP—MS与激光烧蚀(LA)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及气相色谱(GC)的联用技术,探讨了它们在海洋地质研究中的应用前景。     

珠江口硒的形态分布特征

硒属于硫族元素,在化学和生物化学性质上,硒与硫、碲相似.它和砷一样也是一种类金属物质.硒广泛存在于自然界中,岩石、土壤、沉积物、水体、生物体以及大气环境都含有不同程度的硒.硒是生物必需的一种微量元素,一方面表现出重要的生物功能,另一方面在较高浓度下也表现出毒性,摄入过多可导致动物和人硒中毒[1].在陆源硒向海洋的输送中河流占重要贡献,河流可能是溶解硒输入海洋的主要来源[2,3].河口区是陆地径流与海水相互混合的地带,其中发生的反应直接影响元素的入海通量,因此研究河口化学元素的行为对估计河流向海洋的输入及建立全球生物地球化学循环模型有十分重要的意义.     

2-D TIDAL FLOW BY OPERATOR-SPLITTING METHOD

In this paper, the method of operator splitte is applied to simulate the tidal flow in the Hang-zhou Bay. Different schemes of splitting have been devised and compared.Results of the study indicate that good simulation can be achieved. Besides being simpler in form, this method is flexible and allows much freedom in selecting the mode of splitting and the scheme of computation.     

基于二次散射的水污染遥感模型及其在珠江口水域的应用

根据水中悬浮物、污染物和水分子等的散射和吸收物理机制建模是实现水污染定量遥感的有效途径.基于一次散射的水污染遥感模型简单易行,但在浑浊度较大时其精度不高.在基于一次散射模型的基础上分析了多次散射的能量组成特点,提出再考虑二次散射可使模型的精度显著提高且不至于使模型过于复杂;导出了二次散射的补偿因子,同时给出了考虑二次散射因子的简单计算方法.将该模型应用于珠江口水域的水污染遥感的结果表明,较之基于一次散射的模型,考虑二次散射的水污染遥感模型在精度上有明显改进.遥感提取结果显示,珠江口水域重污染区主要分布在伶仃洋东北部,香港维多利亚港和深圳湾.     

Parameterization of Wave Breaking Probability and Whitecap Coverage

1 .Introduction Wave breaking and associated whitecapping have long beeninteresting due totheir close relationto many fields of ocean study,including air-sea interaction,remote sensing,ocean engineering,aswell as wave dynamics .The breaking probabilityBan…     

红海榄人工幼苗藤壶分布特征研究

调查了广西珍珠港人工红海榄幼苗叶片上藤壶分布的特征。结果显示,在一年生幼苗叶片上藤壶的空间分布格局总体上为聚集分布。分布型因海水盐度的变化而变化,在高潮盐度Sh<20.21的海水区域内,藤壶趋向于随机分布,反之则表现为聚集分布。大约在分点潮高潮位以下,平均每日潮水浸淹时间超过5.6h的潮滩上藤壶的危害明显加再,影响了红海榄幼苗的正常生长。     

中华鲟配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量及最佳蛋白能量比研究

以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源 ,添加豆油、鱼油、糊精、纤维素以及适量的维生素和矿物质混合剂配制试验饲料 ,饲料配成5个蛋白质水平 ,每个蛋白水平分别包括5个能量级 ,以体质量增长倍数、蛋白质效率和饲料系数为评判依据 ,对体质量为8.73g±0.79g的中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)的适宜蛋白质含量及其蛋白能量比进行了研究。经过为期8周的试验 ,结果表明 :中华鲟幼鲟配合饲料中的适宜蛋白质含量范围为35.7%～41.8% ,饲料的最佳蛋白能量比范围为21.85～30.05ng/J。当试验饲料蛋白质含量为40.3% ,蛋白能量比为27.85ng/J时 ,试验鲟鱼获得最大体质量增长倍数为11.60±1.20,最低的饲料系数为1.68±0.23,以及最高的蛋白质效率为1.58%±0.14%。     

烟曲霉产壳聚糖酶液体发酵条件研究

以烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)为出发菌,通过选择适合的培养条件,筛选出产壳聚糖酶的菌株。实验结果表明,烟曲霉是良好的产壳聚糖酶出发菌。烟曲霉液体发酵产壳聚糖酶最适培养基组成为:壳聚糖1%,KH2PO40.06%,尿素0.2%,(NH4)2SO40.1%,MgSO40.012%,20%土豆汁3%,NaCl 0.05%。在pH 5.0、温度28℃、摇床转速120 r/min培养条件下振荡培养3 d,烟曲霉产壳聚糖酶的能力最强,达25.1 U/mL。     

中国沿海常见蓝子鱼形态比较研究

对中国沿海常见蓝子鱼科鱼类的外部形态、呼吸器官、感觉器官、消化器官、骨骼系统等形态特征进行了比较研究。发现不同种蓝子鱼在体形、鳃耙、耳石、肝脏、牙齿、头骨等特征上存在一定差异,但是种间差异较小,从而推断本科鱼类分化较缓慢。     

Bulk particulate organic carbon in the East China Sea: Tidal influence and bottom transport

Five oceanographic surveys were carried out in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea from 1999 to 2003. In all, seven different sections were surveyed, but one section (the PN section) was observed on every cruise. Two time-series stations were also surveyed, one located at the Changjiang River mouth, the other over the continental shelf in the PN section.We identified biogeochemical characteristics for waters close to the Changjiang Estuary and in the Kuroshio waters (KW), respectively. Resuspension is a strong feature near bottom over the ECS continental shelf, with suspended matter values 13 times higher than that for the surface. A model of particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics based on a rectangle equation reveals that POC concentration close to the Changjiang Estuary varies with a semidiurnal period of ∼13 h, coinciding with the tidal period. The upper limit for POC residence times in the seasons we covered over the shelf are estimated to be on the order of weeks and generally increase seaward from near the Changjiang Estuary to the KW. Short POC residence times suggest that POC in the ECS is rapidly exported from euphotic waters.A nepheloid layer, observed as elevated suspended matter in near the bottom of the water column, is important in particle transfer over the shelf, especially in winter when the residual current flows mainly eastward. Cross-shelf transport of POC via the nepheloid layer is estimated to be 0.22 × 10¹² g yr⁻¹. Comparison with other work indicates that POC transport is ∼2% of the Changjiang POC input.