新疆乌恰2002年12月25日5.7级地震灾害损失评估

2002年12月25日20时57分，新疆维吾尔自治区克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州乌恰县境内发生5．7级地震。阿图什市、喀什市强烈有感。乌恰县城、黑孜苇水泥厂、康苏镇等地感受地震强烈。房屋建筑物遭受一定程度的破坏。本次地震没有造成人员死亡，轻伤1人，部分房屋结构受损，总经济损失为3045．85万元，属轻微破坏性地震。     

DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MANAGING PESTICIDE LOSSES IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS

1 INTRODUCTION Agricultural use of pesticides has been recognized as one of the important non-point pollution sources in the world, and the pesticide application to agricultural lands has led to large amounts of residues discharged into surface water through runoff (Leonard, 1990). There have been growing concerns about the fate and transport of pesticides in agricultural lands, due to the associated adverse impacts on water environment and human health (Agassi et al., 1995; Ng and Clegg…     

统计评估地震预报方法的困难

地震预报并非掷骰子的游戏，需要处理的是真实的物理现象，因此预报方法的定义通常包含一些不确定因素。这是通常的评介，并不限于当前争论所关心的ＶＡＮ方法，评估这一方法正确性的各种企图得到不同结论并不使人感到意外。     

阿拉木图预报试验场地震的形变前兆

地壳形变的研究在评估地震危险性和地震预报中具有重要的作用。哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图地震预报试验场地壳形变观测包括大地测量、GPS卫星观测、光测距仪、形变仪和倾斜。大地测量和卫星测量形变值为10-4～10-5单位，光测距形变为10-7单位，形变计达10-8单位。根据大地测量资料，预测卡什切克、契里克和扎拉纳什—丘普三个地区有地震危险。此地区地表垂直运动速度与过去比较现在达到了最大值，约5mm／a，而通常为2～3mm／a。1992～1995年GPS卫星测量资料也证实伊塞克湖南部的水平和垂直形变增高。根据土尔根站和伊日维什特科维依站形变观测资料的谱分析结构认为，形变值的周期成分既反映了外在因素（气压、气温、降水）又反映了内在作用的异常变化。1978年3月25日扎拉纳什—丘普地震时各条测线形变就出现异常高值。前兆异常可达10－5单位，震中距超过50km。异常时间表现在震前1个月内。     

阿拉木图地震预报实验场的电磁辐射场地震前兆

文章介绍了阿拉木图地震预报实验场中3个电磁辐射台站（卡斯杰克、吐尔盖尼和天山台）1995年的观测资料。台站使用综合程序仪器，以连续方式用1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128、256、512、1024μs波段记录电磁辐射脉冲信号，并用带通滤波处理资料。结果发现，在阿拉木图实验场发生的地震事件之前，大多数记录频段上出现了电磁辐射强度的异常增大。文章认为电磁辐射场的变化从总体上反映了北天山地壳的地震动态变化。     

Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements in Natural Terrestrial Waters：A Review of What Is Currently Knows

The range of observed chemical compositions of natural terrestrial waters varies greatly especially when compared to the essentially constant global composition of the oceans.The concentrations of the REEs in natural terrestrial waters also exhibit more variation than what was reported in seawater,In terrestrial waters ,pH values span the range from acid up to alkaline,In addition,terrestrial waters can range from very dilute waters through to highly concentrated brines.The REE concentrations and their behavior in natural terrestrial waters reflect these compositional ranges,Chemical weathering of rocks represents the source of the REEs to natural terrestrial waters and ,consequently,the REE signature of rocks can impart their REE signature to associated waters,In addition,Because of the typical low solubilities of the REEs both surface and solution complexation can be important in fractionating REEs in aqueous solution.Both of these processes are important in all natural terrestrial waters,however,their relative importance varies as a function of the overall solution composition,In alkaline waters,for example,Solution complexation of the REEs with carbonate ions appears to control their aqueous distributions whereas in acid waters,the REE signature of the labile fraction of the REEs is readily leached from the rocks.In circumneutral pH waters,both processes appear to be important and their relative significance has not yet been determined.     

金沉淀的一个可能机理——歧化反应

实验结果指出,在温度小于200℃的本实验条件下,金的溶解种类主要是AuCl_2~-和AuCl_4~-,AuCl_2~-.和AuCl_4~-的关系可用歧化反应式表示为3AuCl_2~-=2Au(s) AuCl_4~- 2Cl~-高的AuCl_2~-浓度有利于(1)式向右进行,logK_1随温度的升高而降低,讨论了通过歧化反应机理形成金矿床的可能性.     

近5ka温度的金川泥炭δ~(18)O记录

根据吉林金川泥炭纤维素20a分辨率的氧同位素组成时间序列及其与有关文献资料对比,论述了中国东部过去5000a历史时期温度的变化过程,提供了大暖期、新冰期、中世纪温暖期和小冰期在该区存在的δ~(18)O证据;揭示了在约4590～3600 aBP期间存在1次大幅度自然升温过程,并讨论了此气候自然变暖对干旱、陆地植被和文明发展的影响.