广西隆安都结剖面下石炭统都安组上部鲕粒类型及其地质意义

鲕粒是一类特殊的沉积颗粒,为古气候和古海洋环境的重要指示器。为了深入认识此类特殊颗粒的成因机制、形成环境及地质意义,对广西隆安地区都结剖面下石炭统都安组上部含鲕粒地层开展了古生物学、沉积学和岩相学研究。研究区共识别出5种主要的鲕粒类型:放射状纹层鲕粒(O1)、规则同心放射状纹层鲕粒(O2)、不规则同心放射状纹层鲕粒(O3)、泥晶鲕粒(O4-A和O4-B)和复合鲕粒(O5)。各类鲕粒的显微组构和沉积环境指示其具有不同的形成过程,其中水动力条件影响和控制着鲕粒的发育和分布情况。研究区含鲕粒地层形成于维宪期末-谢尔普霍夫期,恰好对应早石炭世晚期冰川作用的开始。受冰川作用影响,全球海平面频繁波动,研究区地处低纬度地区并以浅滩和潮坪沉积环境为主,为鲕粒的形成提供了适宜的水体条件,即温暖、动荡的浅水环境。此外,含鲕粒岩层内广泛发育钙质微生物和微生物席,说明微生物活动在研究区较为常见,可能与鲕粒的形成过程具有一定的关联。     

Field study on the behavior of pre-bored grouted planted pile with enlarged grout base

This paper presents the results of field tests performed to investigate the compressive bearing capacity of pre-bored grouted planted (PGP) pile with enlarged grout base focusing on its base bearing capacity. The bi-directional O-cell load test was conducted to evaluate the behavior of full scale PGP piles. The test results show that the pile head displacements needed to fully mobilize the shaft resistance were 5.9% and 6.4% D (D is pile diameter), respectively, of two test piles, owing to the large elastic shortening of pile shaft. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the PHC nodular pile base and grout body at the enlarged base could act as a unit in the loading process, and the enlarged grout base could effectively promote the base bearing capacity of PGP pile through increasing the base area. The normalized base resistances (unit base resistance/average cone base resistance) of two test piles were 0.17 and 0.19, respectively, when the base displacement reached 5% D_b (D_b is pile base diameter). The permeation of grout into the silty sand layer under pile base increased the elastic modulus of silty sand, which could help to decrease pile head displacement under working load.

     

Pore structure and heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs and its effect on gas storage capacity in the Qiongzhusi Formation

Fine characterization of pore systems and heterogeneity of shale reservoirs are significant contents of shale gas reservoir physical property research.The research on micro-control factors of low productivity in the Qiongzhusi Formation(Fm.)is still controversial.The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Fm.in the Qujing,Yunnan was taken as the object to investigate the influence of mineral compositions on the phys-ical properties of the reservoir and the heterogeneity of shale,using the algorithm to improve the char-acterization ability of Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM).The results showed that:(1)The pores are mainly wedge-shaped pores and V-shaped pores.The pore diameter of the main pore segment ranges from 5 to 10 nm.Mesopores are mainly developed in the Qiongzhusi Fm.shale in Well QD1,with the average pore diameter of 6.08 nm.(2)Microscopic pore structure and shale surface properties show strong hetero-geneity,which complicates the micro-migration of shale gas and increases the difficulty of identifying high-quality reservoirs.(3)The increase of clay mineral content intensifies the compaction and then destroys the pores.Conversely,brittle minerals can protect pores.The support and protection of brittle minerals to pores space depend on their content,mechanical properties and diagenesis.(4)Compression damage to pores,large microscopic roughness and surface fluctuations and strong pore structure heterogeneity are the reasons for the poor gas storage capacity of the Qiongzhusi Fm.,which will lead to poor productivity in the Qiongzhusi Fm.     

线性化物理过程对GRAPES 4DVAR同化的影响

线性化物理过程能够改善四维变分同化中极小化收敛的稳定性和增加极小化过程中对大气物理过程和动力更加精确的描述,它是四维变分同化中非常重要的一部分。通过在GRAPES全球模式中研究线性化物理过程,尤其是两个湿线性化物理过程,改善切线性模式预报精度,来提高GRAPES全球四维变分同化的分析和预报效果。线性化物理过程的开发首先需要简化原非线性化物理过程中的强非线性项,然后对线性化物理过程进行规约化,以抑制切线性扰动的异常增长。目前GRAEPS全球模式中的线性化物理过程主要包括次网格尺度地形参数化、垂直扩散、积云深对流和大尺度凝结。线性化物理过程预报精度的检验方法是通过选择合适大小的初始扰动（同化分析增量）,来比较非线性模式和切线性模式中的扰动演化的纬向平均误差。然后以绝热版本的切线性模式为基础,通过冬、夏两个个例试验来分别检验4个线性化物理过程的12 h预报效果。试验结果表明,通过添加次网格地形参数化和垂直扩散两个干线性化物理过程方案,可以有效抑制住绝热版本切线性模式低层扰动的异常增长,大幅度改善切线性模式预报效果。通过添加积云深对流和大尺度凝结两个湿线性化物理过程,可以在热带区域和中、高纬度地区提高切线性模式中湿变量和温度变量的近似精度,提高GRAPES全球四维变分同化的分析和预报效果。      

岩溶在古地理研究中的作用——“关于古地理研究中若干原则问题的商榷”一文的补充及讨论

本文从现代、地史时期岩溶剥蚀速度及岩溶铝土矿的形成等方面探讨岩溶在古地理研究中的重大作用,从而提出稳定地区“缺失”某一时期地层,并非该时期为陆;而是前期仍有沉积,后期才真正上升为陆,遭受剥蚀。     

小尺度地形阻塞作用的数值试验

本文采用数值试验方法,讨论了一个高度只有200m的小尺度地形的阻塞作用,表明当大气低层的平均风速和温度层结使得Froude数小于1时,就有可能在地形的上风向形成阻塞。本文共试验了一般稳定层结、深厚逆温和浅薄逆温几种情况,讨论了数值结果和Froude数判别式之间的差异和原因,并计算了阻塞发生时的浓度分布。     

关于中国大陆五级以上地震的时间间隔问题

本文研究了我国大陆地区五级以上地震的时间间隔分布情况,发现我国大陆M_S≥5.0地震的时间间隔ΔT与其频次N_(ΔT)之间存在以下关系式:lgN_(ΔT)=2.14-0.15·ΔT本文还讨论了我国大陆出现长期无五级以上地震后,是否将有七级地震的问题。     

粉煤灰碎石混凝土灌注桩法加固软弱地基效果的分析与检验

对由深厚软弱土层组成的地基,采用粉煤灰碎石混凝土灌注桩法予以加固处理时,其施工机具相对简单,工期短,节约“三材”,投资省,具有显著的经济效益。由粉煤灰碎石混凝土灌注桩和深厚软弱土层共同构成的复合地基的工程特性,介于一般碎石桩复合地基与混凝土桩桩基之间,其基本特征是:承载力的提高,主要是置于深厚软弱土层中的粉煤灰碎石混凝土灌注桩的排水和垂直加筋作用的结果;其承载机理,部分具有一般碎石桩复合地基的特征;在结构物荷载作用下,其桩、土荷载分担特征,比较接近于普通混凝土桩桩基。     

Growth Dynamics of the Middle Devonian Jukoupu Bioherm,Xinshao, Hunan

The growth process, palaeoecological features and the function of organisms in reef-building of the Jukoupu bioherm in Hunan are discussed in detail. The bioherm is divided into 10 microfacies. Organisms are very abundant in the reef. Thirty-two genera Belonging to 7 phyla have been recognized. They make up 5 communities composed mainly of stromatopoids, Corals and algae, each of which has its own salient ecological features. An analysis of all communities shows that the organic functions are very complex. The same organisms may possess diverse functions simultaneously as the reef growth enters the late stage. The growth process of the reef may involve five stages' (l)biostrome stage, (2) stabilization stage, (3) frame-type reef-building stage, (4) binding and covering-type reef-building stage, and (5) baffle- type reef -building stage.     

矿物分类和识别的人工神经网络模型

本文提出矿物分类和识别的人工神经网络模型，并选取一组标样－我国沉积碳酸盐型锰矿中菱锰矿作为研究对象，识别效率达１００％。结果表明，该模型性能良好，可望成为矿物识别的有效手段。