祁连山北缘—河西走廊西段晚新生代逆冲推覆断裂发育模式

祁连山北缘—河西走廊西段地处青藏高原东北缘,是我国新构造活动最强烈的地区之一。通过野外对研究区主要活动断裂的调查研究、结合年代学测试和综合分析,认为祁连山北缘—河西走廊西段地区的旱峡—大黄沟断裂、玉门断裂、新民堡断裂和阴洼山断裂都是晚更新世至全新世活动断裂。旱峡—大黄沟断裂形成于中新世晚期,一直活动至今;玉门断裂形成于上新世早期,在距今7.6ka左右和3.2ka左右发生过2次强烈的新构造活动(古地震),也是2002年玉门地震的发震断裂;阴洼山断裂形成于上新世晚期(3.0Ma左右),在距今19.9～21.0ka、8.6～10.0ka、4.1～5.0ka发生过3次强烈的新构造活动,也可能是1785年惠民堡(现新民堡)地震的发震断裂;但是位于近盆地中心的新民堡断裂形成时代明显晚的多,起始于中更新世晚期(0.17Ma左右),在距今28.3ka、4.4ka和1.2ka左右发生过强烈的3次新构造活动。在运动形式上,上述4条断裂均为自南南西向北北东的逆冲推覆。在变形性质上,新民堡断裂以非地震性的蠕滑为主,其他3条断裂主要为地震性的粘滑变形。在祁连山北缘—河西走廊西段的北北东剖面上,逆冲推覆断裂表现为前展-后展复合发育模式,即形成时代最新的是位于酒西盆地中心的新民堡断裂,在酒西盆地中心以南部分的剖面中断裂发育为前展式,由祁连山腹地向河西走廊盆地中心断裂形成时代越来越新,而酒西盆地中心以北部分的剖面中断裂发育为后展式,即从盆地中心到盆地北缘断裂形成时代越来越老。     

Provenance of Conglomerate and Sandstone from Early Permian Shoushangou Formation in Xi Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia: Implications for Understanding Paleo-Asian Ocean Subduction

During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, a rift was formed by post-collisional extension after ocean closure or an island arc-related basin formed by Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) subduction in the Xi Ujimqin area. Nevertheless, the closure time of the PAO is still under debate. Thus, to identify the origin of the PAO, the geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra-large deep marine, polymict clastic boulders and sandstones in the Shoushangou Formation within the basin. The analyses revealed magmatic activity and tectonic evolution. The conglomerates include megaclasts of granite (298.8 ± 9.1?Ma) and granodiorite porphyry (297.1 ± 3.1?Ma), which were deposited by muddy debris flow. Results of this study demonstrated that the boulders of granitoids have the geochemistry of typical I-type granite, characterized by low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y and low Ga/Al values. The granitoid boulders were formed in island arc setting, indicating the presence of arc magmatism in the area that is composed of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian subduction-related granitoid in southern Xi Ujimqin. Multiple diagrams for determining sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that Shoushangou sediments originated from continental island arc-related felsic rocks. Detrital zircon U-Pb age cluster of 330–280?Ma was obtained, indicating input from granite, ophiolite, Xilin Gol complex, and Carboniferous sources to the south. The basin was geographically developed behind the arc during the Early Permian period because the outcropped intrusive rocks in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian form a volcanic arc. The comprehensive analyses of source areas suggest that Shoushangou sediments developed in a backarc basin in response to the northward subduction of the PAO. The backarc basin and intrusive rocks, in addition to previously published Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic rocks of arc unit in Xilin Gol, confirm the presence of an Early Permian trench-arc-basin system in the region, represented by the Baolidao arc and Xi Ujimqin backarc basin. This study highlights the importance and potential of combined geochemical and geochronological studies of conglomerates and sandstone for reconstructing the geodynamic setting of a basin.     

面向应用创新型人才培养的测绘工程实践教学体系优化

专业实践教学可进一步巩固学生理论知识,提高学生仪器操作、软件使用、程序编写等实践动手能力,是专业理论知识再认识的重要过程,也是应用创新型人才培养的重要途径.阐述测绘工程专业应用创新型人才培养的背景,分析测绘工程专业实践教学存在的不足,提出测绘工程实践教学进一步优化的举措,并对以"数据流"为中心的实践教学体系进行探讨.通过对实践教学模块、内容、体系及机制的不断完善与优化,以此提高我校测绘工程专业人才培养质量,促进我校测绘工程专业又好又快的发展.     

福州古桥文化资源特征、保护及开发利用初探

福州古桥素以技术精湛、构造独特、规模宏大以及雕刻细腻而闻名中外.古桥既凝聚了工匠们的劳动创造精神,又积淀了深厚的历史文化,极具学术、文物和旅游价值.目前福州古桥状况堪忧,本文在考察古桥现状特色的基础上,分析面临的问题,提出一些保护及开发利用的建议.     

卵砾石地层潜孔锤同心跟管钻具的研究

卵砾石地层是钻探工程中常见的一种典型的不稳定地层。通过分析目前在卵砾石地层的钻进方法，并针对这一地层的特点，提出了潜孔锤同心跟管钻具在该地层中应用的可行性，并分析设计了钻具的原理、结构及特点。结合实验结果，认为潜孔锤同心跟管钻具在卵砾石地层中具有广阔的应用前景。     

美国溴产品近况和前景

对美国近年来有关溴及其产品的生产研发情况进行了评述。包括原料资源,生产厂家,装置能力,近期统计资料,消耗构成,Albemarle’s真空提溴技术,国际合作项目,溴系阻燃剂,溴系杀生剂,完井液和重点含溴农药等,并展望了发展前景。     

纳滤膜分离技术及其在盐湖卤水资源开发中的应用

介绍了纳滤膜分离技术原理及其主要应用领域,结合我国盐湖卤水资源的特点与开发利用现状,提出了将纳滤膜分离技术应用于卤水资源综合利用的设想。     

华南下寒武统镍钼矿层中铜铅锌矿物的发现及意义

华南扬子地块是我国古热水沉积成矿作用最为发育的地区之一,其热水沉积特性最早引起我国学者的关注。华南下寒武统黑色岩系中赋存多个与热水沉积成矿作用相关的大型、超大型重晶石矿床与N i-Mo-U-V多金属富集层。进一步研究分布在华南扬子地块黑色岩系中的金属、非金属矿床成因及其地球化学特征,对认识华南乃至全球晚震旦—早寒武世生物与环境演化有着十分重要的意义。本文对华南下寒武统镍-钼富集层矿石进行电子探针研究,识别出黄铜矿、黝铜矿等铜的独立矿物;闪锌矿等锌的独立矿物;方铅矿、白铅矿等铅的独立矿物。研究表明,在镍-钼矿石中这些矿物的发现为镍-钼矿层是热水沉积作用产物提供了直接的矿物学证据。     

Detrital Zircon of 4100 Ma in Quartzite in Burang, Tibet

A detrital zircon aged 4.1 Ga is discovered by the SHRIMP U-Pb method in a quartzite in Burang County, western Tibet. This is presently the oldest single-grain detrital zircon in China. The Th-U ratios of the two testing points of the 〉4.0 Ga zircon are between 0.76 and 0.86, indicating their magmatic origin. This discovery has offered an important age for investigating the geological evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

重力斜导数方法在时间域中的理论模型与研究

Miller和Singh在1994年首次提出了斜导数(Tilt梯度)的定义,J.Derek Fairhead和Chris M.Green又于2004年在斜导数的基础上提出了Tilt梯度水平导数的概念。国内学者已对斜导数及斜导数水平导数展开研究,设定了多体模型、无限延伸倾斜脉模型、有限延伸倾斜台阶模型及埋深相同无限延伸垂直厚板及薄板模型,得出一些结论。针对一些地质体产状的判断,提出非绝对值斜导数水平导数的新概念,并应用于理论模型中验证,得出正确的结论。在上述理论模型基础上补充了断层模型和无限延伸倾斜台阶模型,应用非绝对值水平导数的理论解释地质体的产状,并对上述模型提出新的观点和看法。