低温泡沫钻进技术在漠河盆地冻土井工程的试验研究

低温泡沫钻进技术除了具有岩心采取率高、钻进效率高和孔内事故少的特点之外,还具有低导热性、低热容量及对钻井孔壁的热干扰小等特点。低温泡沫系统由空压机、泡沫液罐、热交换器、泡沫发生器和参数监测系统组成。通过对泡沫液和空气制冷后,经发泡器混合后可获得低温泡沫。利用低温泡沫作为冲洗介质进行取心钻进,孔内返出的泡沫经消泡后,可再次循环利用。该技术在漠河盆地冻土井工程中进行了应用,经试验数据分析,低温泡沫对冻土层温度的影响极小,岩心采取率高,满足冻土层取心钻进工作的要求。     

光面爆破椭圆双极线性聚能药柱有效功及不耦合系数模拟研究

基于动力学仿真软件AUTODYN,对椭圆双极线性聚能药柱(EBLSC)进行了数值模拟。采用二维面对称计算方法,花岗岩岩体,空气夹层不耦合装药条件,研究了EBLSC结构及不耦合系数对光面爆破效果的影响,并建立有效体积功模型以评价爆破效果。结果表明,炮孔连线方向和垂直方向上的比冲量相近,偏差＜10%,故总能量沿周向近似均匀分布,但炮孔连线方向产生明显侵彻裂隙,且粉碎圈厚度和腔体扩张程度要小得多,表明该装药结构能够明显提高炸药能量的利用率和爆破效果;随着不耦合系数增大,炮孔连线方向上的损耗体积功先减小后增大,存在最大有效功。利用曲线拟合,得到最优不耦合系数约3.62,与相关文献的试验结果相近。     

Application of NMR on Quantificational Characterization of Tight Glutenite Reservoirs Pore Size

<正>Quantificational characterization of the microscopic pore structure is the key to evaluating tight reservoirs.Since tight reservoirs mainly develop nano-pores which are difficult to fully characterize pore throats’distribution by single conventional experimental method,there’s an urgent need to establish a characterization method by jointing several conventional experimental methods.The tight gas of Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault     

Present Situation of Core Mercury Injection Technology of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir

<正>Unconventional oil and gas step into a new area of global oil and gas exploration due to the success of the development of shale gas of America.Unconventional tight reservoir has huge differents with conventional reservoirs,including cell aggregation,migration patterns,source configuration storage,reservoir characteristics,flow mechanism and so on,which is     

Compositions and Pressure–Temperature Conditions of Metamorphic Fluids Overprinting the Talate VMS Pb–Zn Deposit, Southern Altay, China

The Talate Pb-Zn deposit,located in the east of the NW-SE extending Devonian Kelan volcanic-sedimentary basin of the southern Altaides,occurs in the metamorphic rock series of the upper second lithological section of the lower Devonian lower Kangbutiebao Formation(D_1k_1~2).The Pb-Zn orebodies are stratiform and overprinted by late sulfide—quartz veins.Two distinct mineralization periods were identified:a submarine volcanic sedimentary exhalation period and a metamorphic hydrothermal mineralization period.The metamorphic overprinting period can be further divided into two stages:an early stage characterized by bedding-parallel lentoid quartz veins developed in the chlorite schist and leptite of the ore-bearing horizon,and a late stage represented by pyritechalcopyrite-quartz veins crosscutting chlorite schist and leptite or the massive Pb-Zn ores.Fluid inclusions in the early metamorphic quartz veins are mainly CO_2-H_2O-NaCI and carbonic(CO_2±CH_4±N_2) inclusions with minor aqueous inclusions.The CO_2-H_2O-NaCl inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 294-368℃,T_(m,CO2) of-62.6 to-60.5℃,T_(h,CO2) of 7.7 to 29.6℃(homogenized into liquid),and salinities of 5.5-7.4 wt%NaCl eqv.The carbonic inclusions have T_(m,CO2)of-60.1 to-58.5℃,and T_(h,Co2) of-4.2 to 20.6℃.Fluid inclusions in late sulfide quartz veins are also dominated by CO_2-H_2O-NaCl and CO_2±CH_4 inclusions.The CO_2-H_2O-NaCl inclusions have T_(b,tot) of142 to 360℃,T_(m,CO2)of-66.0 to-56.6℃,T_(h,CO2) of-6.0 to 29.4℃(homogenized into liquid) and salinities of 2.4-16.5 wt%NaCl eqv.The carbonic inclusions have T_(m,Co2)of-61.5 to-57.3℃,and T_(h,CO2) of-27.0to 28.7℃.The aqueous inclusions(L-V) have T_(m,ice) of-9.8 to-1.3℃ and T_(h,tot) of 205 to 412℃.The P-T trapping conditions of CO_2-rich fluid inclusions(100-370 MPa,250-368℃) are comparable with the late- to post-regional metamorphism conditions.The CO_2-rich fluids,possibly derived from regional metamorphism,were involved in the reworking and metal enrichment of the primary ores.Based on these results,the Talate Pb-Zn deposit is classified as a VMS deposit modified by metamorphic fluids.The massive Pb-Zn ores with banded and breccia structures were developed in the early period of submarine volcanic sedimentary exhalation associated with an extensional subduction-related back-arc basin,and the quartz veins bearing polymetallic sulfides were formed in the late period of metamorphic hydrothermal superimposition related to the Permian-Triassic continental collision.     

Exhumation History of the Xining Basin Since the Mesozoic and Its Tectonic Significance

The Xining Basin is located in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and its continuous Cenozoic strata record the entire uplift and outgrowth history of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic. The newly obtained apatite fission track data presented here shows that the Xining Basin and two marginal mountain ranges have experienced multiphase rapid cooling since the Jurassic, as follows. In the Middle–Late Jurassic, the rapid exhumation of the former Xining Basin resulted from collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Tarim Block. During the Early–Late Cretaceous, the former Xining Basin underwent a tectonic event due to marginal compression, causing the angular unconformity between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Lhasa Block may have resulted in the rapid exhumation of the Xining Basin and the Lajishan to the south. In the Early Cenozoic(ca. 50–30 Ma), collision between the Indian and Eurasia plates affected the region that corresponds to the present northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. During this period, the central Qilian Block rotated clockwise by approximately 24° to form a wedge-shaped basin(i.e., the Xining Basin) opening to the west. During ca. 17–8 Ma, the entire northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau underwent dramatic deformation, and the Lajishan uplifted rapidly owing to the northward compression of the Guide Basin from the south. A marked change in subsidence occurred in the Xining Basin during this period, when the basin was tectonically inverted.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks from ODP Site 794, Yamato Basin: Implications for Deep Mantle Processes of the Japan Sea

Deep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean drilling program Site 794 in the Japan Sea was performed, which included petrography, whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition, and electron microprobe analysis of plagioclase and clinopyroxene. These basalts belong to the tholeiitic series with porphyritic texture and massive Ca-rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine phenocrysts. The basalts are characterized as flat rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements with remarkably low ratios of(La/Yb)N(0.75–2.51), significant positive anomalies of Ba, Sr, and Rb and no Eu anomaly(δEu = 0.99–1.36). The samples showed relatively high 87Sr/86Sr(0.70425–0.70522), 207Pb/204Pb(15.511–15.610), and 208Pb/204Pb(38.064–38.557) values and a low 143Nd/144 Nd ratio(0.51271–0.51295). The basalts from Site 794 can be divided into upper, middle, and lower volcanic rocks(UVR, MVR, and LVR) on the basis of their stratigraphic level. The MVR was geochemically derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the UVR and LVR originated from a nondepleted and relatively enriched mantle source with contributions from subducted Pacific plate fluid and sediments. Use of geothermobarometers indicates that the crystallization pressure for the UVR and LVR(6.25–11.19 kbar) was significantly higher than that of the MVR(3.48–5.84 kbar). The UVR and LVR may have been derived from the low-degree(5%–10%) partial melting of spinel lherzolite, while the MVR originated from a shallower mantle source with a high degree(10%–20%) of partial melting. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the samples are consistent with a younger age(13–17 Ma) and the depleted composition of the MVR and an older age(17–23 Ma) and slightly enriched composition of the UVR and LVR. Therefore, temporal changes in the mantle source from old and enriched to young and depleted and subsequently to old and nondepleted may have been associated with progressive lithospheric extension and thinning, as well as at least two episodes of diverse asthenospheric upwelling and pull-apart tectonic motion in the Yamato Basin.     

Composition and Textual Characterization of Platinum-group Mineral (PGM) in Chromites from Zedang Ophiolite in Tibet, China

<正>1 Introduction Platinum-group elements(PGE)are mainly concentrated in some specific minerals known as PGMs,which commonly occur in podiform chromites of ophiolites.In-situ PGM assemblages in chromites can provide valuable information on the physico-chemical nature of the parental melt(s)from which chromitite     

煤系沉积岩应力–应变与应变–渗透率特征

通过对济宁三号煤矿岩样进行现场采取和室内试验分析,探究对开采有威胁的3煤层顶板砂岩和红层的渗透率特征。试验结果表明,中粗砂岩的渗透率最大,泥岩样的渗透率相对较小;应力对岩石的渗透率有很大的影响,主要体现在节理的法向闭合和剪胀效应,其中应力剪胀能显著地改变岩石节理的渗透性;岩石应变渗透率曲线,表现出渗透率峰值"滞后"的特点;在岩石处于弹塑性阶段时候,渗透率的变化剧烈且具有不可预测性,然而岩石渗透率与体积应变有很好的一致性。通过对实验结果的归纳总结,本文将岩石在全应力应变过程中渗透率变化划分成5个阶段:微裂隙压密闭合阶段、微裂隙随机扩展阶段、裂隙扩展贯通阶段、裂隙错动充分发育阶段和裂隙二次闭合阶段。     

河池市罗城县地下水环境质量评价及分析

为查清罗城县地下水情况,根据罗城县地下水监测数据和水质特点,选取高锰酸盐指数、硝酸盐氮、总硬度、氨氮、铁和锰作为评价因子,以GB/T14848-93《地下水质量标准》为评价标准,同时运用内梅罗指数法和模糊综合评价法对罗城县9个地下水监测点位(饮用水水源保护区、工业园区和矿山开采区)进行地下水环境质量评价。以模糊综合评价结果进行分析,饮用水水源保护区内地下水质良好,均达到Ⅱ类水质标准;工业园区有1个点位地下水水质超标,超标因子为总硬度;矿山开采区地下水质情况较差,有2个点位监测因子铁、锰超标,为Ⅴ类水。最后,针对罗城县地下水现状及存在的问题,提出合理的对策建议。