Numerical analyses of uplift behavior of pile foundation for transmission line structure in frozen soil regions北大核心CSCD

Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

琼东南盆地中生界潜山天然气成藏模式

琼东南盆地基底潜山勘探面临地质年代不清、储层非均质性强及成藏条件复杂等难题。通过开展区域大地构造演化、基底锆石测年、潜山储层描述及成藏动力分析,明确潜山储层发育区及有利成藏区。研究表明,在印支运动、燕山运动及喜山运动叠加控制下,松南低凸起、陵南低凸起大面积发育印支期的花岗岩潜山储层,平面上北西、北东及近东西向三组断裂、裂缝交错切割成网,纵向上形成的风化带-裂缝带总厚度超300 m的双层结构,明确裂缝储层发育的关键因素为脆性矿物和双向流体改造。基于早渐新世古地貌及烃源岩沉积模拟实验研究,提高了崖城组陆源海相烃源岩TOC分布预测精度,明确了中央坳陷优质烃源灶分布规律。综合分析潜山-古近系储层、构造脊展布和崖城组烃源灶的时空配置关系,建立了“松南低凸起源外高潜山天然气长距离侧向有限运聚模式”及“陵南低凸起源边低潜山近距离高效运聚模式”,提出源边低潜山的L26-B是下步勘探的有利目标。     

钨矿石和锡矿石化学成分分析能力验证结果评价和离群值原因

金属矿产的勘查、评价、开发与综合利用要求对不同矿石品位与精矿的完整系列品质进行评价检测和仲裁测试。钨矿石和锡矿石作为金属矿的重要矿种,在客观上要求相关实验室应具备不同含量品级钨矿石和锡矿石组分的检测能力。本文按照国家认证认可监督委员会(CNCA)编号为CNCA-13-A14的钨矿石和锡矿石化学成分分析能力验证计划的要求,对中国30个省市、自治区的58个实验室提供的8个元素(W、Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、Sb、Bi)的测定结果进行能力验证分析,采用稳健统计法,根据Z比分数判定参加实验室的检测能力。根据Z比分数≤2为满意结果的判定标准,51个实验室全部结果的Z比分数≤2,总体结果满意率(各元素的Z比分数均≤2的实验室占总实验室的比例)为88%,出现可疑和离群结果的实验室占12%。总体上钨矿石和锡矿石中元素Sb、Pb、Zn的满意率较高(其中锡矿石的Zn测定结果全部满意),W、Bi稍差;钨矿石各元素的检测水平差异小,整体结果好于锡矿石。钨矿石和锡矿石分析能力验证结果产生离群值的原因,一方面是实验室的测试水平存在差异;另一方面是各实验室采用的检测方法分散,有化学分析方法和仪器分析方法,化学分析方法检测步骤多,仪器分析方法方便快速,逐渐成为例行检测方法,两类方法的影响因素都较多。本文提出,提高实验室的检测水平和检测能力,需要适当统一检测方法,提高方法掌握的熟练程度,避免仪器状态对分析结果的影响,确保检测结果的一致性和准确性。     

Influence of bare soil and cultivated land use types upstream of a bank gully on soil erosion rates and energy consumption for different gully erosion zones in the dry-hot valley region,Southwest China

This study assessed temporal variation in soil erosion rates in response to energy consumption of flow (ΔE). It employed an in situ bank gully field flume experiment with upstream catchment areas with bare (BLG) or cultivated land (CLG) that drained down to bare gully headcuts. Water discharge treatments ranged from 30 to 120 L Min⁻¹. Concentrated flow discharge clearly affected bank gully soil erosion rates. Excluding minimal discharge in the CLG upstream catchment area (30 L min⁻¹), a declining power function trend (p ≤ 0.1) was observed with time in soil erosion rates for both BLG and CLG upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds. Non-steady state soil erosion rates were observed after an abrupt collapse along the headcut slope after prolonged scouring treatments. However, as the experiment progressed, ΔE and energy consumption of flow per unit soil loss (ΔEu) exhibited a logarithmic growth trend (p < 0.1) at each BLG and CLG position. Although similar temporal trends in soil erosion and infiltration rates were observed, values clearly differed between BLG and CLG upstream catchment areas. Furthermore, Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (f) values in the CLG upstream catchment area were higher than the corresponding BLG area. In contrast to the BLG upstream catchment area, lower ΔEu and higher soil erosion rates were observed in the CLG upstream catchment area as a result of soil disturbances. This indicated that intensive land use changes accelerate soil erosion rates in upstream catchment areas of bank gullies and increase soil sediment transport to downstream gullies. Accordingly, reducing tillage disturbances and increasing vegetation cover in upstream catchment areas of bank gullies are essential in the dry-hot valley region of Southwest China.

     

基于探矿者软件(Minexplorer)的三维地质建模及储量估算——以湘西北李梅铅锌矿为例

在全面收集地质资料的基础上,利用探矿者软件建立了湘西北李梅铅锌矿区的综合地质数据库,利用三维钻孔数据建立了研究区的三维矿床模型,并以矿体模型和地层模型为例,介绍了矿区三维地质建模的一般流程。在矿体模型的基础上,利用地质块段法、地质截面法、地质统计学方法进行了储量估算,并与矿山勘探报告中的储量估算结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,利用探矿者软件进行三维建模和储量估算,操作简便、可视化效果好,不同方法进行储量估算的结果互相印证,真实可靠。     

基于约束Delaunay三角网的线、面群目标分布边界计算

群组目标的分布边界在空间方向关系判断、相似度计算以及地图自动综合等领域有着重要的应用,但目前的分布边界计算主要是针对空间点群目标,鲜有涉及空间线、面群目标。在约束Delaunay三角网的基础上,利用动态阈值"剥皮"法实现线、面群目标的分布边界计算。方法得到的分布边界多边形符合人们的空间认知习惯,能够较好地描述线、面群目标的空间形态和分布范围。     

DLG数据转换为地理国情普查要素数据的技术研究

基础地理信息数据是地理国情普查的重要数据源之一,如何充分利用好基础地理信息数据,这关系到地理国情普查数据的生产效率。以1∶10000DLG数据和重要地理国情要素数据为研究对象,通过分析两类数据之间的关系,建立了两类数据的要素对照表,并研究了DLG数据到重要地理国情要素数据的转换模式,最后基于Geoway软件平台,成功将DLG数据转换成重要地理国情普查要素数据。     

乌岩岭国家级自然保护区动态监测系统设计与实现

面向地理国情监测,以自然保护区监测为突破口,分析自然保护区监测内容,研究自然保护区多源异构数据整合、专题信息建模、多时态信息动态可视化等关键技术。在此基础上,以乌岩岭国家级自然保护区为例,构建保护区多层次、多尺度的基础空间数据库和专题数据库,实现保护区动态监测系统,形成动态标注、动态漫游、动态矢量等多种动态表达方式。该系统的建立为自然保护区监测和管理提供了有力的技术支撑,研究所形成的监测内容、关键技术和动态表达方式对地理国情监测具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

利用小波阈值消噪改进M-W组合周跳探测性能

受伪距噪声的影响,Turbo Eidt法中M-W组合难以探测所有周跳。分析了M-W组合观测量的误差特性,指出伪距误差导致周跳漏检、探测延迟的原因。采用小波阈值消噪方法对M-W组合观测值进行处理,阈值估计使用Visushrink方法可削弱伪距噪声、增加周跳的辨识度。消噪后,周跳会发生扩散,除当前历元外,前后多个历元均会超出阈值,便于探测。实测数据结果表明:经小波消噪后的M-W组合观测值能够准确定位小至1周的所有周跳,避免漏检现象,增强周跳探测的可靠性。     

矢量河网渐进式传输的多尺度表达模型

矢量河网数据渐进式传输是制图综合的逆过程,从几何特征出发化简曲线的方法忽略了曲线的形态特征。鉴于此,以曲线轴线为基准,基于曲线弯曲层次化提取河流曲线数据,并将提取的曲线数据分层组织,构建结合目标层和几何细节层的河网多尺度表达模型。基于该模型开发了矢量河网数据的渐进式传输系统,验证了该方法的有效性。