格点尺度对TRMM微波成像仪云水数据的影响

选取热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)微波成像仪(TRMM Microwave Imager,TMI)液态水路径(liquid water path,LWP)轨道像元数据为研究对象,探讨了将瞬时探测以及逐月的像元数据进行格点化(0.1°、0.25°、0.5°、1.0°和2.5°五种格点分辨率)时,格点数据的失真情况。对TMI瞬时探测的个例分析结果表明,细分辨率(0.1°、0.25°和0.5°)格点能保留原始像元数据的细节;而随着网格变粗,细节受到较大的平滑。因此对于中尺度到天气尺度的天气系统分析而言,将卫星轨道数据处理到网格尺度不大于0.5°的格点更合适。对逐月LWP像元资料格点化处理的分析表明,细分辨率格点能保留LWP空间分布细节,尽管5种分辨率下LWP的概率密度分布(probability density function,PDF)均相近。因此,对月尺度及以上的气候分析研究而言,格点尺度大小对卫星像元数据格点化的影响不显著。最后利用本实验室计算的TMI/LWP格点数据与欧洲中期数值预报中心再分析资料(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis,ERA-Interim)和NCEP再分析资料(NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis,NCEP CFSR)进行了对比,发现两种再分析资料都高估了LWP;TMI/LWP格点数据与两种再分析资料LWP的多年变化趋势大致相同。     

公路隧道雷电防护研究

通过对太行山区隧道机电设备频遭雷击事件的调研,分析了雷击灾害频发的河北省邢和隧道的地理、气象环境,并对雷击现场进行多次测试研究,对隧道防直击雷和雷电电磁脉冲两方面采取以下5项防雷措施:①建筑物及室外电力设施的直击雷防护,②高压线路的雷电过电压防护,③低压配电及弱电设备的过电压防护,④屏蔽,⑤等电位连结。经过几年的实地验证,防雷措施初见成效。     

An observational and modeling study of a sea fog event over the Yellow Sea on 1 August 2003

A dense sea fog episode that occurred near the coastal city of Qingdao in the Shandong Peninsula of China on 1 August 2003 is investigated by using all of the available observational data and high-resolution modeling results from the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). This fog event reduced the horizontal visibility to be less than 60 m in some locations and caused several traffic accidents locally. In this paper, all of the available observational data, including visible satellite imagery of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-9 and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), objectively reanalyzed Final Analysis (FNL) data issued by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), sounding data at the Qingdao and Dalian stations, and the latest 4.4 version of the RAMS model, were employed to study this sea fog case. We begin with the analyses of the environmental conditions of the sea fog event, including the large-scale conditions, the difference between T _2m (air temperature at 2 m altitude) and sea surface temperature (SST), and the atmospheric sounding profiles of the two stations. The characteristics of this sea fog event was documented by using visible satellite imagery of GOES-9 and MODIS. In order to better understand the fog formation mechanism, a high-resolution RAMS model of dimensions 4 km × 4 km was designed, which was initialized and validated by FNL data. A 54-h modeling period that started from 18 UTC 31 July 2003 reproduced the main characteristics of this sea fog event. The simulated lower visibility area agreed well with the sea fog area identified from the satellite imagery. It is shown that advection cooling effect plays a significant role in the fog formation.     

PROGRESS IN THE STUDY ON MOUNTAINOUS VERTICAL ZONATION IN CHINA

ＴｈｅａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｅａｒｔｈｓｕｒｆａｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓａｎｄｐｌａｔｅａｕｓ．Ａｂｏｕｔ３３％ｏｆｔｈｅｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｐａｒｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙａｒｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｒｅｇｉｏｎ．Ｈｉｍａｌａｙａｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｓｔｈｅｌａｙｏｕｔｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ．Ｔｈｅａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｒａｎｇｅｈａｓａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎ…     

TRIPLOIDY INDUCTION WITH HEAT SHOCKS TO PENAEUS CHINENSIS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GONAD DEVELOPMENT

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｐａｉｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｐｏｌｙｐｌｏｉｄｙｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃａｎｉｍａｌｓ.Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｒｉｐｌｏｉｄｙｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇｏｆｆｉｓｈａｎｄｍｏｌｌｕｓｃｈａｖｅｍａｄｅｎｏｔｉｃｅａｂｌｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｏｆｌａｒｇｅｓｃａｌｅｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｒｉｐｌｏｉｄｓｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｓｏｍｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ…     

万能体积公式

证明并验证了由数值积分的辛普松（Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ） 公式直接导出的公式（２） 可以求柱、锥、台球等基本几何体积公式，所以将其称作万能体积公式     

Timing and duration of growth hiatuses in mid Holocene massive Porites corals from the northern South China Sea

Growth hiatuses in massive corals are usually indicative of past ecological or environmental stresses. Among 37 fossil Porites colonies surveyed from the reef flat of Dadonghai fringing reef at Sanya, Hainan Island, northern South China Sea, seven of them were found to show clear evidence of past mortality, representing a population of ～19%. Among these samples, two of them (SYO‐13 and SYO‐28) display clear growth hiatuses reflecting mortality followed by subsequent recruitment, and five others exhibit a well‐preserved mortality surface and no subsequent recruitment. The growth hiatuses were dated using high‐precision thermal ionisation mass spectrometry U‐series techniques. The age results suggest all the dated corals formed and died in the mid Holocene. Multiple dates below the growth hiatuses suggest that SYO‐13 and SYO‐28 died at 6298 ± 11 and 6929 ± 19 a BP (i.e. years before AD 1950), respectively. Multiple dates above the growth hiatuses indicate that growth in SYO‐13 and SYO‐28 resumed at 6257 ± 14 and 6898 ± 20 a BP, respectively. The calculated durations of growth hiatuses are therefore 41 ± 18 a for SYO‐13 and 31 ± 28 a for SYO‐28, respectively, implying growth resumed within decades after the mortality events. U‐series dating of four other samples with dead heads suggests that they died at 6035 ± 53, 6059 ± 23, 6127 ± 22 and 6474 ± 24 a BP, respectively. In addition, using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), monthly resolution Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios were determined for the annual growth bands below and above the growth hiatuses for three of the dated samples. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca profiles indicate that the three corals probably died in different seasons (from spring to autumn), and the mortality appears to be unrelated to anomalous sea surface temperature‐induced bleaching. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel system,northwest South China Sea

Based on more than 4000 km 2D seismic data and seismic stratigraphic analysis, we discussed the extent and formation mechanism of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel. The Qiongdongnan deep sea channel is a large incised channel which extends from the east boundary of the Yinggehai Basin, through the whole Qiongdongnan and the Xisha trough, and terminates in the western part of the northwest subbasin of South China Sea. It is more than 570 km long and 4–8 km wide. The chaotic (or continuous) middle (or high) a...     

江苏省1∶25万、1∶100万基础数据修测与建库

1∶25万、1∶100万基础数据是江苏省地理空间信息基础框架的重要组成部分,本文根据江苏省地理空间信息基础框架的要求,结合全省现有的基础地理数据库建设的现状,叙述了对全省范围内的17幅1∶25万DLG、DOM,4幅1∶100万DLG数据如何进行修测、更新和入库,并建立相应的元数据库的过程和方法。     

Study on the total water pollutant load allocation in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent seawater area

With the rapid economic development, the water quality is worsening and red tide takes place frequently in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent seawaters. To improve the marine water quality, the total inland pollutant load should be controlled effectively. With efficiency and fairness in consideration, the total maximum allowable loads of COD_Mn, NH₃–N, inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate to the seawaters were calculated and allocated by the linear programming method based on the water quality response fields of the pollution sources. The maximum allowable loads are 2008 × 10³ tons, 169 × 10³ tons, 226 × 10³ tons and 18 × 10³ tons for COD_Mn, NH₃–N, inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate when the water quality targets are requested to be achieved in the whole studied region, and 346 × 10³ tons and 32 × 10³ tons for inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate when the water quality targets to be achieved only in the red tide sensitive area. The cut task of COD_Mn and NH₃–N is relatively easy and can be finished by the watershed environmental plan; while the cut task of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate is tremendous. The coastal provinces should install more denitrification and dephosphorization facilities in the existing waste water treatment plants or build new ones to control the red tides in the concerned seawaters.