超声波/声波钻头/取心器装置

目前,对宇宙中生命迹象的探索是世界各国所关注的最重要的目标之一。美国宇航局研制了由超声波或者声波驱动器驱动的一系列超声波/声波钻头/取心器（USDC）,用来进行空间探测并提取岩石、冰与土壤样品,以及进行原位分析。此设备在声波频率下,超声波压电驱动器驱动中间的自由质量块进而冲击钻头来进行采样。目前所制造的超声波钻头/取心器（USDC）装置能够取出岩心和岩屑,在未来的行星探测中,有着非常重要的优点。主要介绍USDC的优点、各装置的结构及其性能特点,以供我国月球探测工程及未来深空探测参考借鉴。     

不同植被类型对福建三沙湾潮滩有机碳埋藏的影响

潮滩作为重要的湿地类型和高效的有机碳汇备受关注,近期围垦、养殖等人类活动和互花米草入侵对潮滩生化环境和有机碳埋藏产生了重要影响.本研究选取了福建三沙湾三处不同植被类型的潮滩各取得沉积物短柱样,测定沉积物的总有机碳含量(TOC)、稳定碳同位素(δ13C),结合210Pbex测试计算的沉积速率,估算了不同区域的有机碳埋藏通...     

地质统计学反演在稠油油藏砾岩夹层预测中的应用

随着开发程度加剧,中海油增储上产不断突破下限,越来越走向深层、低渗、深水和稠油。渤海海域探明原油地质储量超60%为稠油,开发难度大。影响稠油油藏热采开发的关键地质因素有油藏类型、含油饱和度、隔夹层、小断层等,其中隔夹层影响最大。D油田为辫状河沉积、储集层非均质性强的厚层块状特超稠油油藏。针对D油田砾岩夹层薄、地震预测精度低的特点,采用高分辨率地质统计学反演技术,进行了测井曲线标准化、概率密度参数、变差函数研究,获得了岩性和厚度定量表征结果,识别了厚度<5 m的砾岩夹层,平面展布符合研究区地质特征,为心滩内部夹层三维地质模型构建提供了依据。     

田黄鉴定要把握的几个重要问题

目前社会上对田黄的界定和鉴别还存在着许多问题,如田黄名称的泛化和滥用、田黄鉴定衡量标准不一等等。本文就此提出了鉴定田黄要把握的几个问题,强调了田黄的次生特征对鉴定的重要性,阐述了真皮和假皮的鉴别要点。     

一种新方法处理软玉的鉴定特征

首次报道了一种拼合处理的软玉及其鉴定特征。通过常规宝石学测试、红外光谱和X荧光能谱分析,对该类样品进行了鉴定。结果显示,从外观上,样品的＂皮＂与主体结合处的颜色分界截然,有明显的粘结痕迹和大量的蜡与气泡;拼合面两侧区域的红外光谱完全不一样;X荧光能谱显示,其＂皮＂较主体部分缺少Ca峰。根据测试结果认为,样品应为染色岫玉软玉拼合石。     

Engineering geological conditions and features of geologic hazards in Wudongde reservoir of Jinshajiang River valley

There is a great difference between the distribution and evolvement characteristics of slope geological hazard in the same geographical location and climatic conditions,taking the similar structural-genetic connection in Wudongde reservoir area of Jinshajiang River valley for example.In all engineering geological conditions,the chronologic age and attitude of strata,and the lithologic association factors control the distributions and evolvement characteristics of slope geological hazard in the studied area.The study shows that the slopes in geological evolution are in different stages.The conclusion helps to understand the types and the intensity of geological disasters.     

青藏高原西北缘祁漫塔格山中新世快速抬升的磷灰石裂变径迹证据

对祁漫塔格山体不同海拔高度所取的9个磷灰石样品的裂变径迹分析结果表明,东昆仑西段中新世早中期为主要的隆升期且隆升速率较高,早期隆升速率为111m／Ma,晚期隆升速率为98m／Ma,总体隆升速率为100m／Ma。样品显示出磷灰石裂变径迹长度大致分2类,一类磷灰石裂变径迹长度为（12．21±10．20）-（13．75±0．30）μm,径迹长度分布图基本上为窄而对称的正态分布,反映具有快的剥露冷却速率,未受到后期热事件的干扰。另一类磷灰石裂变径迹长度为（11．88±0．33）～（13．32±0．27）μm,较前一类具有稍慢的剥露冷却速率,并且受到了后期热事件的干扰。     

节能减排空间信息系统的设计架构

节能减排是遵循人类社会发展的规律,顺应当今世界发展潮流的重大策略。节能减排工作必须依靠先进能源科学管理工具和决策分析工具,掌握各企业在节能减排工作中的基础数据和过程数据,实现对其节能减排工作的过程评价和动态监管。借助GIS强大的数据处理、可视化和空间分析能力,我们构建了节能减排空间信息系统。在对系统关键技术分析的基础上,构建了系统的技术框架,基于WebGIS的节能减排空间信息系统可以应用于很多行业,该系统有助于推进企业加快结构调整,转变发展方式,努力建设和推进资源节约型、环境友好型的企业发展进程。     

Morphological observation of Epithemia ocellata (Ehr.) Kütz. (Bacillariophyceae) from China

The species of Epithemia ocellata (Ehr.) Kütz. from Northeastern China were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studies on silica valve formation in different stages were made. At the early stage, a Y-shaped raphe sternum was found. Areolae were made from virgae and vimines. In immature valves, the canal formation before the raphe fissure is visible. The raphe system, virgae and vimines (areolae) might be the early siliceous elements of the valve during morphogenesis. The formations of virgae and vimines are similar to that of Gephyria media W. Arnott. Rows of silica papillae formed gradually on the face of the valve. After the areolae were covered with silica and form rows of papillae, the outer valve surface could become mature. Details of the internal costae were observed in mature valves.     

Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Olefins by Tosylation and Subsequent SiO2- promoted β-elimination

A convenient and effective procedure was developed for the conversion of alcohol to olefin by tosylation and subsequent β-elimination promoted by silica gel in this study. Treatment of the alcohols with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine at 0℃ affords tosylates which undergo β-elimination with silica gel in dichloromethane or chloroform at room temperature, yielding olefinswith high productivity.