《中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划》青藏高原观测研究概况

详细介绍了自１９９３年开始以来《中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划》在青藏高原上观测研究的一些基本情况。包括三个部分：观测仪器的特点、观测环境的气候特征和观测项目（要素）；观测资料的特点；部分观测资料的初步分析结果介绍     

Superthermal effect on the interactions of nonplanar electron-acoustic solitary waves in a two-electron temperature generalized Lorentzian plasma

A theoretical investigation has been made on the head-on collision of cylindrical and spherical electron-acoustic solitary waves in a non-Maxwellian plasma composed of stationary ions, cold fluid electrons, and superthermal electrons obeying κ velocity distribution. By using the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, the effects of plasma parameters, especially the superthermal effect on the interaction of colliding solitary waves are studied. It is found that there are both positive and negative colliding phase shifts for each colliding wave in its traveling direction. Also, it is shown that the solitary waves received the largest colliding phase shifts in spherical geometry, followed by the cylindrical and planar geometries.     

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磁场梯度对Hall推力器放电特性影响的实验研究

为进一步探索Hall推力器通道内磁场优化设计理论,通过实验分析了强场区磁场梯度对推进剂的电离与加速等放电过程的影响. 研究发现,在本实验设计的磁场梯度范围内,磁场梯度大小对推进剂的电离过程影响较小,但是对离子流的加速特性会产生较为明显的影响.随着磁场梯度的增加,离子束的能量分布会趋于集中,推力器效率提高. 最后,对磁场轴向梯度进一步变大可能会引起的一系列物理问题如有限Larmor半径效应、电子传导机理转变规律和梯度漂移效应等进行了分析和思考.     

Long interspersed elements in three species of Gracilaria （Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta）

In order to find out whether long interspersed elements (LINEs) existed in macro-algae ge- nomes or not, we tested the LINE homologues in representative families (species): Gracilaria (G. eucheumoides Harv., G. tenuistipitata Chang et Xia, and G. textorii (Sur) De-Toni), Laminaria (L. longis- sima Miyabe and L. japonica Aresch.), and Ulva (U. lactuca L. and U. pertusa Kjellm.) during 2004 to 2005. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with degenerate oligonucleotide primers de- signed from LINEs of rice homologues and Cin4 of maize. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products revealed that 4 clones that derived from 3 species of Gracilaria have LINE homologues. The nucleotide sequences of the 4 LINE homologues diverged greatly, but the amino acid sequences deduced from them were relatively conserved. The endonuclease regions of the LINE homologues greatly di- verged from that of other plants, but they had closer phylogenetic relationship to Zepp elements in Chlor- ella sp., which indicated that sequence divergence by vertical transmission has been a major influence on the evolution of algal LINEs.     

基于POI数据的南京市空间格局定量研究

从语义属性、几何形态等方面对典型城市空间格局要素进行定量化抽取及特征分析,总结归纳出城市空间格局要素间的关联特征。在此基础上,将POI数据进行分类,设计了基于平面核密度估计算法、空间聚类与双重密度因子分析分析算法,并以南京市为例,通过栅格叠加计算，提取边界，分类渲染以及栅格重分类等步骤,实现南京城市空间格局及商业中心抽取。结果发现城市商业中心有效地反映了城市空间总体格局的区域分布，提取出的南京市商业中心基本符合2000—2020年的南京市总体规划，但文本并不能直接体现城市各商业中心的定位，城市中除了主城区这个集聚且组团的单中心商业模式，各个县城、开发区、高新区都有各自形成的商业中心，符合城市的多商业模式。较传统的城市商业空间研究来说，基于POI数据的定量研究对城市总体格局及商业空间的认知更为精细，有助于商业中心的识别及行业特征的分析，便于政府部门对现有规划功能区的发展方向进行调整，使得不同功能区空间结构与特征关系更加合理。     

1960-2017年渭河流域极端气温变化及其对区域增暖的响应

基于逐日最高和最低气温,计算1960-2017年渭河流域16项极端气温指数,发现近58 a 渭河流域极端冷指数（冰冻日数、霜冻日数、冷夜日数、冷昼日数和冷持续指数）呈下降趋势,极端暖指数（夏日日数、热夜日数、暖昼日数、暖夜日数、作物生长期和热持续指数）呈上升趋势,特别是20世纪80年代后上升速率明显加快。流域半干旱区对气候变暖的响应更敏感,主要体现在白天温度增高以及冰冻和霜冻日数减少,而半湿润区主要为夜间增暖。相比1960-2003年,2004-2017年流域平均温度升高1.75℃,暖夜/暖昼日数增加10.99/6.79 d,而霜冻/冷夜日数减少8.71/2.35 d。分析发现地形条件是影响流域极端气温空间差异的重要因素。在流域半干旱区,冷夜和冷昼日数的快速减少,有利于农作物的生长。而在相对湿度较大的半湿润区,随着夏季连续高温天气增多,高温热浪事件的危害更大。     

Development of the Array Transient Electromagnetic System and Its Experiments

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Analysis of lignin-derived phenols in standard reference materials and ocean dissolved organic matter by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A series of reference materials are proposed for intercomparison and quality control purposes during the quantification of lignin oxidation products (LOP) from diverse environmental matrices. These materials are all easily accessible and certified for diverse organic constituents (NIST and IHSS). They represent a suite of natural environmental matrices (from solids to aqueous) and are characterized by a wide range of organic carbon and lignin concentrations with abundant proportions of all major LOP. The variability of LOP concentrations and signatures for all these materials averages 3–5% and does not exceed 10%. Using these standards, a new quantification method was developed and validated for the determination of low-level CuO oxidation products using capillary gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS–MS). Tandem mass spectrometry provides both the high sensitivity and selectivity required for the identification and quantification of trace levels of dissolved lignin. The method is particularly useful for removing interference from co-eluting isotopes generated from the DOM matrix and during glucose amendment procedures of low-carbon samples. Such glucose amendment is not necessary, however, when the CuO to organic carbon weight-to-weight ratio can be kept at a value < 200–300.     

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