1970—2018年秦岭南北冷季降雪量时空变化及其影响因素

基于72个气象站点逐日观测数据,对1970/1971—2018/2019年秦岭南北冷季（11月~次年5月）降水类型（降雪、降雨和雨夹雪）进行识别;重点关注降雪时空变化特征,探讨降雪与气温、湿球温度的响应关系;依据“夏季-秋季-冬季”Niño 3.4区海温异常状态,细化4种不同发展过程的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）事件,分析降雪异常与不同ENSO事件的对应关系。结果表明：① 相比气候平均态（1970—2000年）,1990—2018年,秦岭南坡（山地暖温带）降雪量下降了3.1 mm,基本与关中平原降雪量（17.1 mm）持平;② 空间趋势上,低海拔河谷地带降雪量以年代波动为主,山地高海拔地区为降雪下降区;③ 秦岭高山地区气温或湿球温度每升高1.0℃,降雪量分别下降23.1 mm和24.3 mm;从地带性角度分析,由北向南气温或湿球温度每升高1.0℃,秦岭南北降雪量分别下降3.0 mm和2.8 mm;④ 当厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜持续型发生时,关中平原降雪异常偏多;当拉尼娜发展型发生时,秦岭山地和大巴山区降雪异常偏少。当厄尔尼诺发展型发生时,秦岭南北降雪异常呈现“东西分异”,秦岭山地东部和关中平原为降雪异常偏少区。     

基于多源遥感和机器学习方法的科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度反演

植被覆盖度是监测生态系统及其功能的关键参数,如何提高大区域植被覆盖度的反演精度,对生态脆弱区环境可持续发展至关重要。本研究基于人工神经网络、支持向量回归和随机森林等机器学习方法,利用无人机、Worldview-2与Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据,对科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度进行多尺度反演。结果表明：随机森林模型比人工神经网络、支持向量回归模型表现佳,可在单元（试验区）、区域（研究区）尺度上较高精度地反演沙地的植被覆盖度,反演值与无人机实测值均在线性水平上呈显著相关（P<0.01）;在单元、区域尺度上,构建的植被覆盖度反演模型测试集R²分别为0.84、0.80,MSE分别为0.0145、0.0370,一致性指数d分别为0.9576、0.8991。利用多源遥感数据和机器学习方法,通过局部区域的高精度反演逐步实现低空间分辨率遥感影像的大区域植被覆盖度反演,不仅可有效提高沙地植被覆盖度的反演精度（R²=0.78,大于0.63）,也为区域生态环境监测与生态系统健康评价提供支持。     

国内外煤炭资源量报告对比研究——以南澳WINTINNA矿区为例

以南澳州WINTINNA煤炭勘查区为实例,选取以我国《固体矿产资源储量分类GB／T17766—1999）标准为勘查标准的《南澳WINTINNA勘查区详查地质报告》和以《澳大利亚矿产资源和矿石储量公布规范（JORC规范）2004）为标准的《WINTINNA煤炭资源量评述报告》作为对照,从报告结构、矿产资源量估算、煤炭资源量结果、资源量变化原因四个方面进行了详尽的对比研究,通过算理与算法对资源量变化原因进行剖析,深入阐述了以JORC标准为主导的国际资源储量估算领域的指导思想和国际通行估算方法,指出了国内外在煤炭资源储量估算领域的不同,对提高我国的资源储量报告在国外市场上的效力、实现国内外主要资源储量标准分类下该类型资源储量报告的快速准确映射和转换具有实际意义。     

松潘－甘孜南部玛孜措石英闪长岩的地球 化学特征、同位素年龄及其构造意义

玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。     

冕洞的演化规律

本文利用自有冕洞系统观测以来（１９７０－１９９５）的冕洞资料，分析了冕洞的时空分布演化规律，冕洞磁场的演化特征，以及它们与太阳黑子周期的演化关系。得到了一些有意义的新结论。特别是赤道冕洞和极区冕洞与太阳活动周的演化关系具有截然相反的演化规律和不同特征。前者与太阳活动周的演化规律基本一致；后者截然相反     

Kinetic Alfvén wave driven by the density inhomogeneity in the presence of loss-cone distribution function—particle aspect analysis

Kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs) driven by the diamagnetic drift instability that is excited by the density inhomogeneity in low-β plasmas, such as plasmas in the auroral region, are investigated by adopting the particle aspect analysis and loss-cone distribution function. The results obtained in this paper indicate that the propagation and evolution of kinetic Alfven waves decrease and the kinetic Alfven wave excitation becomes not easier with increasing loss-cone index J. But the spatial scales of the perpendicular perturbation driving kinetic Alfven waves have a decreasing tendency with the larger values of J, which perhaps is in relation with the decreasing width of loss-cone. A single hump appears in the plots of the growth rate of the instability when J=2. But the hump cannot emerge when J=0 or J=1. The density inhomogeneity of ions plays an important role in driving KAWs and it cannot be ignored. KAWs can be easier driven and KAWs can propagate and evolve faster with the increasing level of density inhomogeneity. However, the range of the perpendicular wave number of the wave instability decreases, namely, the longer the scale of perpendicular disturbance the easier the excitation of KAW. As the density inhomogeneity increases, the tendency of numerical solutions of the dispersion relation is similar to that obtained by the kinetic theory and Maxwellian distribution function (Duan and Li, 2004). But the profiles of the plots of numerical solutions are different. This means that the velocity distribution function of particles is important for KAW driven in magnetoplasmas, especially in the active regions of the magnetosphere, such as auroral region, and plasma sheet boundary.     

Modelling, simulation and testing of an optomechatronics design of a large radio telescope

An innovative design for a feed support structure for the next generation large radio telescope, based on the idea of integrating mechanical, electronic and optical technologies(OPTOMECHATRONICS), is considered. Theoretical analyses and simulations are carried out. A 5 m experimental model is built to demonstrate the idea. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic study of Kelp"901"strain

Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901” strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F₆, F₇, F₈, and F₉ generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp were obtained in the average of 9.9 loci for each primer. This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.3212–0.4767, and the maximum was between F₇ and F₈ (0.4767). Identity analysis showed that F₆ generation was more close to the female parent (0.6593), and F₇ generation was more close to the male parent (0.578 8). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification, 191 loci ranging from 230–2800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations were male parent (0.2239), female parent (0.1072), F₆ (0.2164), F₇(0.2286), F₈(0.2296) and F₉(0.3172). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5(F₈, F₉). Total heterozygosity (H_T) of F₆, F₇, F₈ and F₉ generations was 0.3186, the average heterozygosity (H_S) for F₆, F₇, F₈ and F₉ generations was 0.2480, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (G_st) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selectingLaminaria.     

孟州市府大楼整体搬迁岩土工程实录

孟州市政府办公大楼整体搬迁的场地工程地质勘察，分部进行，即划分成搬迁路径和永久性地基两个单元。既做独立分析，又进行整体评价；既提供搬迁所需岩土工程指标，又为施工提出一些切合实际的建议。准确可靠的工程地质勘察资料，促成了大楼的整体迁移和永久定位。     

MULTI-SCALE DECOMPOSITION OF BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN NORTH CHINA

1　IntroductionThecrustalstructureofNorthChinahasbeenstudiedalotwithgravitymethod[1 ,2 ] .Theresultsareundoubtedlyofgreatsignificancetoabetterun derstandingofthecrustalstructureofthisregion .Butsofar,neithervertical/lateraldistributionscalesnorcharacteristicsofanomalousdensitybodiesofrockmediaintheregionhavebeenrevealedsystem aticallyintermsofrockdensity .Assurfacegravityanomalyreflectstheoveralleffectofgravityanoma liesofsubsurfaceanomalousgeologicalbodiesatdif ferentdepths,ondifferentscales…