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91.
Timofey Samsonov Sergey Koshel Dmitry Walther Bernhard Jenny 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(10):2072-2093
Supplementary contour lines are placed between regular contour lines to visualize small but important forms that regular contour lines are unable to show. On topographic maps, typical forms are hillcrests, depressions, saddles, terraces, banks, and levees. No automated method for the selection of supplementary contour lines has been described so far. We document cartographic design principles for the selection of supplementary contour lines for topographic maps, and present an automated method for their placement. Results of the automated method are similar to manually placed supplementary contour lines. Our method helps map authors to create contour line maps that more effectively illustrate relevant small details in maps showing terrain elevation or other scalar fields. 相似文献
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93.
GPS Solutions - Helical antennas have been developed that feature a cutoff pattern and are suitable for practical positioning at millimeter level. The antennas are in the form of a tube with... 相似文献
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Vladimir Priklonsky Anvar Shukurov Dmitry Sokoloff Andrew Soward 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):97-114
Abstract We reconsider thin-disc global asymptotics for kinematic, axisymmetric mean-field dynamos with vacuum boundary conditions. Non-local terms arising from a small but finite radial field component at the disc surface are consistently taken into account for quadrupole modes. As in earlier approaches, the solution splits into a local part describing the field distribution along the vertical direction and a radial part describing the radial (global) variation of the eigenfunction. However, the radial part of the eigenfunction is now governed by an integro-differential equation whose kernel has a weak (logarithmic) singularity. The integral term arises from non-local interactions of magnetic fields at different radii through vacuum outside the disc. The non-local interaction can have a stronger effect on the solution than the local radial diffusion in a thin disc, however the effect of the integral term is still qualitatively similar to magnetic diffusion. 相似文献
96.
Yulia Krasheninnikova Alexander Ruzmaikin Dmitry Sokoloff Anvar Shukurov 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-3):131-146
Abstract We discuss recent developments in the theory of large-scale magnetic structures in spiral galaxies. In addition to a review of galactic dynamo models developed for axisymmetric disks of variable thickness, we consider the possibility of dominance of non-axisymmetric magnetic modes in disks with weak deviations from axial symmetry. Difficulties of straightforward numerical simulation of galactic dynamos are discussed and asymptotic solutions of the dynamo equations relevant for galactic conditions are considered. Theoretical results are compared with observational data. 相似文献
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Dmitry Ponomarev Andrey Puzachenko Olga Bachura Pavel Kosintsev Johannes van der Plicht 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(3):779-797
The paper summarises materials on the mammal remains in northeastern Europe, dated by radiocarbon. Altogether, 23 local faunas of small mammals and 47 local faunas of large mammals were analysed. Multidimensional statistical analysis shows a strong correlation between changes in small mammal fauna composition and climate changes throughout time. The correlations with the spatial gradients, however, are less pronounced. The faunas are classified into three groups: (1) faunas of Holocene age; (2) Late Pleistocene ‘stadial’ assemblages; and (3) Late Pleistocene ‘interstadial’ assemblages. In some cases, changes in species abundance are better understood in terms of biotic interrelations rather than of climatic effects. The most pronounced change in small mammal fauna composition and structure occurred at the Preboreal/Boreal boundary, and a less conspicuous alteration took place at the LGM/Lateglacial transition. The most noticeable transformation in the large mammal fauna composition is dated to the early Holocene. Less significant changes are observed at the Middle Weichselian/LGM transition and at the LGM/Lateglacial transition. It is safely concluded that variations in the faunas of small and large mammals recorded in NE Europe during the last 35 000 years occurred synchronously and unidirectionally. 相似文献
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Hugues Lantuit Pier Paul Overduin Nicole Couture Sebastian Wetterich Felix Aré David Atkinson Jerry Brown Georgy Cherkashov Dmitry Drozdov Donald Lawrence Forbes Allison Graves-Gaylord Mikhail Grigoriev Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten James Jordan Torre Jorgenson Rune Strand ?deg?rd Stanislav Ogorodov Wayne H. Pollard Volker Rachold Sergey Sedenko Steve Solomon Frits Steenhuisen Irina Streletskaya Alexander Vasiliev 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(2):383-400
Arctic permafrost coasts are sensitive to changing climate. The lengthening open water season and the increasing open water area are likely to induce greater erosion and threaten community and industry infrastructure as well as dramatically change nutrient pathways in the near-shore zone. The shallow, mediterranean Arctic Ocean is likely to be strongly affected by changes in currently poorly observed arctic coastal dynamics. We present a geomorphological classification scheme for the arctic coast, with 101,447?km of coastline in 1,315 segments. The average rate of erosion for the arctic coast is 0.5?m? year?1 with high local and regional variability. Highest rates are observed in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Beaufort Seas. Strong spatial variability in associated database bluff height, ground carbon and ice content, and coastline movement highlights the need to estimate the relative importance of shifting coastal fluxes to the Arctic Ocean at multiple spatial scales. 相似文献