Ecological Network Analysis Quantifying the Sustainability of Regional Economies: A Case Study of Guangdong Province in China

To meet the challenge of sustainable development, sustainability must be made. Ecological network analysis(ENA) was introduced in this paper as an approach to quantitatively measure the growth, development, and sustainability of an economic system. The Guangdong economic networks from 1987 to 2010 were analyzed by applying the ENA approach. Firstly, a currency flow network among economic sectors was constructed to represent the Guangdong economic system by adapting the input-output(I-O) table data. Then, the network indicators from the ENA framework involving the total system throughput(TST), average mutual information(AMI), ascendency(A), redundancy(R) and development capacity(C) were calculated. Lastly, the network indicators were analyzed to acquire the overall features of Guangdong's economic operations during 1987–2010. The results are as follows: the trends of the network indicators show that the size of the Guangdong economic network grows exponentially at a high rate during 1987–2010, whereas its efficiency does not present a clear trend over its whole period. The growth is the main characteristic of the Guangdong economy during 1987–2010, with no clear evidence regarding its development. The quantitative results of the network also confirmed that the growth contributed to a great majority of the Guangdong economy during 1987–2010, whereas the development's contribution was tiny during the same period. The average value of the sustainability indicator(α) of the Guangdong economic network was 0.222 during 1987–2010, which is less than the theoretically optimal value of 0.37 for a sustainable human-influenced system. The results suggest that the Guangdong economic system needs a further autocatalysis to improve its efficiency to support the system maintaining a sustainable evolvement.     

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小波分解与EMD在变形监测应用中的比较

为分析经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)在GPS动态变形监测应用中的可行性和有效性,利用模拟数据和振动台的GPS实测数据分析比较了EMD和小波分析在信号去噪和多尺度分解上的能力.结果表明:EMD和小波均能较准确地提取结构振动信息,但当噪声较大时小波去噪和多尺度分解稳定性略优于EMD,而EMD则基于数据本身具有自适应性,不受小波基选择和分解层数的影响.     

Eco-geographic environment and regional development in Xinjiang of China

The study on relationship between eco-geographic environment (EGE) and regional development (RD) is of theoretical and practical significance to promote the comprehensive study on nature and human factors and regional coordination development. Based on the evaluation index system and models of EGE and RD, Quadrant Analysis Method (QAM) and the Coordination Degree and Coordinated Development Degree Model (CDCDDM) were applied to studying the relationship between EGE and RD in Xinjiang in this paper. The results show that Xinjiang can be divided into four type regions according to the relationship between EGE and RD, namely high coordination region (HCR), overloading development region (ODR), low coordination region (LCR) and potential development region (PDR). Most areas of Xinjiang belong to LCR which can not bear a larger population and support large-scale economic development. HCR, ODR and PDR, which are mainly distributed in piedmont oases and take basin as unit, should be focused on in the development of Xinjiang. The EGE has great influence on RD, and there is serious contradiction between them. Relevant suggestions on development strategies were put forward according to the character of different type regions, and the key regions of macro-layout of RD in Xinjiang were pointed out.     

1961—2008年内蒙古降水极端事件分析

利用内蒙古自治区116个气象站1961—2008年逐日降水量资料,以年序列的第90和95个百分位,分别建立了单站日降水量极端气候事件的阈值,检测了近48年来内蒙古逐日降水量极端事件的出现频率,分析了极端事件阈值、频数及降水量的空间分布和年际、年代际及季节变化的差异,对比分析了1987年前后极端事件频次和降水量的变化。结果显示：1) 内蒙古日降水极端事件的阈值普遍较小,在2.1～23.8 mm之间;全年极端事件出现的频次在2.4～20.9 d之间;降水极端事件的阈值、频次、降水量等空间差异十分明显。2) 近48年来内蒙古区域平均的夏季和全年降水极端事件没有显著的增减变化趋势,但进入21世纪后,7—8月内蒙古极端降水事件和极端事件的降水量明显减少。3) 1987年气温显著升高以后,中部大部地区和东南部降水极端事件减少,东北部大部和西部增加。     

台湾地区生物礁及其生境

台湾岛位于亚洲大陆板块与菲律宾海板块的交界处,是在中新世晚期经由板块碰撞而形成的大陆 边缘岛屿。台湾岛形成初期,由于地形陡峭,地表的侵蚀速率高,在高沉积速率的环境中,并不利于碳酸盐沉 积物的形成,因此甚少珊瑚礁沉积,及至更新世和全新世才有比较具规模的珊瑚礁形成。台湾地区的更新世珊 瑚礁主要分布在台湾岛西南部高雄地区和南部恒春地区;其中,高雄地区大岗山、小岗山、半屏山和寿山等地 的珊瑚礁,可能是在逆断层前移的背斜脊高区上沉积形成,或与冷泉碳酸盐提供珊瑚礁发育的硬底质有关。台 湾岛南端恒春地区的珊瑚礁则是在更新世晚期的温暖浅海环境中沉积形成。台湾地区大部分的生物礁于全新世 沉积形成,此时期海平面上升,沉积速率降低,浅海环境适宜,因而有利于生物礁形成;但是由于各地环境条 件的差异,礁的型态也不同;台湾岛南部恒春半岛、绿岛、兰屿、澎湖列岛南部和小琉球等地有较具规模的珊 瑚礁发育,约有造礁珊瑚200～300种;台湾岛东部及澎湖列岛北部仅有块状礁或斑礁形成,造礁珊瑚约有150种;台湾岛北部和东北部浅海则有造礁珊瑚约100种,但因侵蚀作用强烈,并不成礁,属于“非礁型珊瑚群 聚”。另外,在台湾岛西北部海岸则有以无栉珊瑚藻为主体所形成的藻礁。台湾地区各地的全新世生物礁,由于 沉积时间很短,同时受到台湾地区高上升速率与高侵蚀速率的影响,礁体的厚度不足,并广泛被抬升成为海岸 地带的上升礁,且与潮下带的现生珊瑚礁互相连续。台湾岛海域造礁珊瑚的属种特别丰富,高达近300种,约 占全球珊瑚物种的三分之一,主要系因邻近全球珊瑚物种多样性最高的珊瑚大三角,而且黑潮流经台湾地区大 部分海域,把热带物种幼苗携带过来,因而造就了台湾岛海域的生物多样性。     

砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨

目前裂缝预测主要集中在对开度、密度和发育强度等参数的半定量或定量化预测方面,对裂缝的延伸规律和穿透性研究缺少深入研究。针对这种情况,文中以天山山前某油田沙泥岩间互地层为例,采用应力场数值模拟法建立应力场与裂缝参数之间的定量关系,从而实现裂缝在沙泥岩间互地层中的的延伸规律与穿透性研究。模拟结果显示,越薄的砂岩层越容易产生构造裂缝,而砂岩厚度对砂岩中产生的裂缝在泥岩中的延伸长度影响很小,几乎可以忽略,且对延伸到泥岩中裂缝的孔隙度影响也不大,即不管泥岩上下砂岩层的厚度如何,延伸到泥岩中的裂缝孔隙度变化不大,均在038％左右;砂泥岩互层处裂缝在泥岩中延伸长度一般为15~2 m,当泥岩厚度为4 m左右时,砂岩裂缝恰好无法穿透泥岩,泥岩可作为有效的封盖层。     

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