乌兰布和沙漠不同下垫面冬季沙尘通量

为揭示乌兰布和沙漠不同下垫面冬季沙尘通量的垂直分布,在野外实地监测的基础上对乌兰布和沙漠3种下垫面冬季输沙量进行测量分析。结果表明：近地表0～100 cm高度内冬季输沙量流动沙丘 > 梭梭固定沙丘 > 白刺半固定沙丘。各下垫面输沙量随高度呈下降趋势,流动沙丘、白刺半固定沙丘、梭梭固定沙丘符合幂函数分布,流动沙丘、梭梭固定沙丘输沙量集中于0～20 cm高度,白刺半固定沙丘集中于0～40 cm高度。风沙流幂函数通量系数a、b与粒径< 0.1 mm和粒径 >0.5 mm颗粒含量负相关,与粒径0.1～0.25 mm颗粒含量正相关,与粒径0.25～0.5 mm颗粒含量不相关。沙粒跃移高度在流动沙丘、白刺半固定沙丘和梭梭固定沙丘分别集中于0～3.59、0～4.33和0～2.36 cm;跃移高度与粒径<0.05 mm和0.1～0.5 mm颗粒含量正相关,尤其与粒径0.1～0.25 mm颗粒含量呈指数函数正相关,与粒径0.05～0.1 mm及>0.5 mm颗粒含量无明显相关性。乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘在冬季仍具有较大的侵蚀状态,白刺半固定沙丘处于弱风蚀状态,梭梭固定沙丘处于堆积状态,造成地表积沙。在冬季,梭梭固定沙丘仍然发挥着防风固沙的能力,成为冬季固定风沙的重要防线。     

煤层气井有杆泵排水采气设备示功图

煤层气井示功图直观表现了悬点载荷的变化规律,可为有杆泵设备设计计算提供重要依据。基于有杆排采设备的运动学和动力学分析,建立了计算悬点各载荷的数学模型,给出煤层气井不同开采过程的静力和动力示功图。实例分析结果表明,静力示功图接近于稳定生产后的示功图,代表了悬点载荷变化的基本规律,是分析实际示功图的基础;动力示功图在考虑动载荷的影响后,呈现出波动和偏斜的形状,考虑摩擦力的作用后,示功图的上缘向上平移,下缘则下移。煤层气井动载荷和摩擦力所占的比例分别达到15%和5%,这就加大了悬点载荷的变化幅度与不平衡性。随冲次的降低,示功图的下缘远离零线,上缘则逐渐远离下缘,而且惯性载荷和振动载荷影响的减小,使得上下缘的倾斜度逐渐降低,波动幅度不断变小。煤层气井杆管总变形量较小,与冲程的比值仅为10%左右,且随冲次的降低,总变形量和静变形量逐渐增大,而动变形量不断变小。      

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区长6油层组湖底扇内深水重力流沉积特征

以岩心的详细观察与测井录井资料综合分析为基础,通过岩石学特征和原生沉积构造等沉积相标志分析,确定鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区长6油层组厚层块状砂体属于半深湖内的深水重力流沉积体系。划分出内扇、中扇和外扇3个亚相,该区主要以中扇亚相最为发育;在深水重力流中识别出液化沉积物流、砂质碎屑流、近源浊流和远源浊流等沉积类型,建立了湖盆深水重力流沉积模式。砂质碎屑流沉积最为广泛,砂体厚度大,连片发育,具有最好的储集层物性,含油性好,是华池地区长6油层组最有利的储集层。     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震烈度调查研究

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震作为一个中强地震,其造成的损失和极震区面积之大确实罕见,为一典型的小震大灾现象。本文利用大量现场第一手资料,并从场地条件、地形地貌与地震烈度分布特征之间的关系进行分析,为这次等震线的划分提供了科学合理的依据。     

An interval-parameter mean-CVaR two-stage stochastic programming approach for waste management under uncertainty

In this research, approaches of interval mathematical programming, two-stage stochastic programming and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are incorporated within a general modeling framework, leading to an interval-parameter mean-CVaR two-stage stochastic programming (IMTSP). The developed method has several advantages: (i) it can be used to deal with uncertainties presented as interval numbers and probability distributions, (ii) its objective function simultaneously takes expected cost and system risk into consideration, thus, it is useful for helping decision makers analyze the trade-offs between cost and risk, and (iii) it can be used for supporting quantitatively evaluating the right tail of distributions of waste generation rate, which can better quantify the system risk. The IMTSP model is applied to the long-term planning of municipal solid waste management system in the City of Regina, Canada. The results indicate that IMTSP performs better in its capability of generating a series of waste management patterns under different risk-aversion levels, and also providing supports for decision makers in identifying desired waste flow strategies, considering balance between system economy and environmental quality.     

Preliminary assessment of the navigation and positioning performance of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system

BeiDou regional navigation satellite system(BDS)also called BeiDou-2 has been in full operation since December 27,2012.It consists of 14 satellites,including 5 satellites in Geostationary Orbit(GEO),5 satellites in Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit(IGSO),and 4 satellites in Medium Earth Orbit(MEO).In this paper,its basic navigation and positioning performance are evaluated preliminarily by the real data collected in Beijing,including satellite visibility,Position Dilution of Precision(PDOP)value,the precision of code and carrier phase measurements,the accuracy of single point positioning and differential positioning and ambiguity resolution(AR)performance,which are also compared with those of GPS.It is shown that the precision of BDS code and carrier phase measurements are about 33 cm and 2 mm,respectively,which are comparable to those of GPS,and the accuracy of BDS single point positioning has satisfied the design requirement.The real-time kinematic positioning is also feasible by BDS alone in the opening condition,since its fixed rate and reliability of single-epoch dual-frequency AR is comparable to those of GPS.The accuracy of BDS carrier phase differential positioning is better than 1 cm for a very short baseline of 4.2 m and 3 cm for a short baseline of 8.2 km,which is on the same level with that of GPS.For the combined BDS and GPS,the fixed rate and reliability of single-epoch AR and the positioning accuracy are improved significantly.The accuracy of BDS/GPS carrier phase differential positioning is about 35 and 20%better than that of GPS for two short baseline tests in this study.The accuracy of BDS code differential positioning is better than 2.5 m.However it is worse than that of GPS,which may result from large code multipath errors of BDS GEO satellite measurements.     

柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系物源分析

物源分析是沉积盆地研究的重要内容之一。在对柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系相关资料调研的基础之上,对研究区碎屑岩的碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组合、砂地比和阴极发光平面分布特征进行分析,并结合地震资料,确定出研究区新近系物源方向:鄂博梁Ⅰ号构造带物源主要来自于北部的阿尔金山,而位于其西部的东坪构造带与鄂博梁Ⅰ号构造带物源区不同,其具有相对独立的物源区;鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造带属于混源区,同时受到2个方向物源的影响,分别是北部的阿尔金山方向和东北部的小赛什腾山方向,前者穿过鄂博梁Ⅰ号构造带到达该地区,是主要的物源区,后者穿过冷湖一、二、三号构造带到达该地区,为次要物源区;鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造带物源主要来自于东北方向的赛什腾山,其是穿过冷湖六、七号构造带到达该地区的,并未受到来自南八仙方向 “古鱼卡大型古河流三角洲”物源的控制。     

气象影视设备集约化技术初探

目前有些地市局拥有两套非编设备,但是两套设备之间不能联网,达不到随时备份和提高设备利用率的目的。本文通过将两套非编设备并同虚拟机连成局域网,两套非编设备平时各自工作,一套录制,另一套可实时获取录制的素材并进行配音编辑,提高了设备的利用率;同时两套非编设备互为备份,在一套出现故障时,另一套非编能独立承担工作,不需要更改线路。通过气象影视设备的集约化改造,在保障节目质量的前提下,提高了工作效率,两个小时内录制七至八套节目成为现实,同时设备的互为备份,也保障了系统的可靠性。     

锡林郭勒盟草原火险气象等级预报方法的研究

依据国家草原火险等级划分标准,针对锡林郭勒盟的具体情况对指标体系进行逐月调整,运用多个气象因子和综合因子之间相关来确定草原火险天气等级标准,建立草原火险气象等级预报方程,并开发研制了草原火险气象等级预报服务系统,经过近1年的试运行,能够对草原火险天气进行很好的预报预测,同时指导草原火险的遥感监测业务.     

全球年平均人为热释放气候强迫的估算

利用能源经济领域具有权威性的英国石油公司(BP)世界能源统计资料和联合国人口统计资料,通过一些简单的数值计算,初步估算了人为热释放的全球气候强迫。结果表明:当前(2008年)全球年平均人为热释放的气候强迫还不是很大,约为0.031W/m2;但随着人口及能源消费总量的增加,未来人为热释放产生的全球年平均气候强迫将有可能达0.30W/m2。