Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...     

贵州瓮福磷矿含磷岩系层序特征及黔中古陆控矿意义

新元古代末期震旦系陡山沱阶和早古生代早期寒武系梅树村阶是全球两大成磷时期。贵州瓮福磷矿含磷岩系—早震旦世陡山沱组磷矿a矿层与b矿层,是震旦系陡山沱阶成磷事件的典型代表。瓮福磷矿含磷岩系为在浅水陆棚地区沉积的一套与磷矿有成因联系的岩石组合,属于浅海台地相型;含磷岩系具备早期准备阶段、磷质富集阶段及晚期磷质贫化消失阶段的沉积特征,在纵向上呈三段式递变;以陡山沱组内三段(Z_1d~3)与四段(Z_1d~4)侵蚀间断面分隔,两次海侵旋回造成两次磷质的富集,经生物化学、机械破碎簸选及后期改造形成a、b两层工业磷矿体。瓮福磷矿陡山沱期构造位置位于上扬子陆块东南部,雪峰运动结束冒地槽沉积造就了黔中古陆以及东部半封闭的海湾浅滩。瓮福磷矿陡山沱期处于黔中古陆东缘,东临大海,整体地势西高东低;以黔中古陆为中心,从西到东、由陆向海形成古陆—滨岸—浅海—深海的古地理格局。黔中古陆在陡山沱期两次海侵旋回中,一方面其边缘海湾浅滩为磷质富集提供有利的沉积环境,另一方面其遭受剥蚀和夷平作用后为磷块岩矿床的形成提供含石英、长石、白云石、黏土等矿物的陆源碎屑。通过典型岩相剖面分析,黔中古陆边缘海湾浅滩的沉积环境及岩相直接控制了瓮福磷矿床的形成和分布,其具有重要的控矿意义。     

北京平原区土壤地球化学特征及影响因素分析

基于北京平原区土壤地球化学调查数据,运用数理统计、因子分析、相关性分析、回归分析等方法研究了土壤元素的横向和纵向分布特征,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:北京平原区土壤CaO、MgO、Na 2O、Hg、Cd、Sr、Ba、Sn等含量偏高,Sb、As、Th、W、Br、U、I、Mo、有机质等含量偏低。R型因子分析结果显示,F1因子为反映土壤原始背景特征的元素组合,F2、F4、F6因子为反映人类活动对土壤元素分布特征影响的元素组合,F3因子为反映成土母质基本信息的元素组合,F5因子为反映成土母岩基本特征的元素组合。利用一元非线性回归分析对部分元素的垂向分布特征进行数学建模,回归系数R 2值为0.542~0.960,拟合效果总体较好;从区域尺度上初步判断出人类活动对重金属元素Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn影响深度约150~200 cm,对养分指标N、P、S、Se、有机质影响深度约50~100 cm。一般情况下,褐土中Se、Bi、Li、有机质、Mo、W等39项元素与指标的含量高于潮土,不同土壤质地中As、Cd、Cr、Ni、N、B等29项元素含量的大小关系为:砂质壤土<砂质黏壤土<黏壤土<壤质黏土,耕地土壤中Cd、N、P、有机质含量明显高于林地,中心城区土壤中有害重金属元素、养分指标的含量普遍高于郊区。     

Geochemistry and Tectonic History of Seamount Remnants in the Xingshuwa Subduction Accretionary Complex of the Xar Moron Area,Eastern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

This study focuses on the geology, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and tectonic settings of the three types of seamount basalts from the Xingshuwa subduction accretionary complex in the Xar Moron area, eastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). The seamount remnants are composed of carbonate 'cap' sediments, large volumes of pillow and massive basalts, carbonate breccia slope facies and radiolarian cherts. Group 1 basalts are characterized by high contents of P2 O5 and TiO2 with alkaline affinity and LREE enrichment, indicating that they are derived from intraplate magma. Group 2 basalts display N-MORB LREE depletion patterns, indicating that they were formed at a mid-ocean ridge. Group 3 basalts have shown distinct Nb depletion and high Th/Yb ratios, indicating that they were generated in an island arc tectonic setting. The zircon U-Pb age of Group 1 basalt sample XWT18-131 is 576.4 ± 9.4 Ma, suggesting that the oceanic island seamount was the product of intraplate magmatism related to a mantle plume or 'hot spot' in the late Neoproterozoic. The zircon U-Pb age of Group 2 basalt sample XWT18-132 is 483 ± 22 Ma, indicating that the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO) was continuously expanding in the Early Ordovician. The zircon U-Pb age of Group 3 basalt sample XWT18-101 is 240.5 ± 8.2 Ma, suggesting that this area underwent the evolutionary path of ocean-continent transition, developing towards continentalization during the Middle Triassic. Thus, we believe that there was both mantle plume-related intraplate magmatism and intraoceanic subduction during the evolution of the PAO, the CAOB possibly being an evolutionary model of an intraoceanic subduction and mantle plume magmatism complex.     

Cenozoic Crustally-derived Carbonate-rich Magmatic Rocks in West Junggar,North Xinjiang,Western China: Geochronology,Geochemistry and Tectonic Implications

The carbonate-rich magmatic rocks of West Junggar are distributed in the Baijiantan and Darbut ophiolitic mélanges in the forms of extrusive rocks overlying the mélanges and dykes, either along the margins of the mélange or cross-cutting components of mélanges. Chilled margin and flow structures are present. A SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 39.7 ± 1.3 Ma indicates that these carbonate-rich rocks in West Junggar were formed during the Eocene. They have low concentrations in REEs, Th, U, Nb, Ta and are characterized by extremely low εN d(t), high(87 Sr/86 Sr)i ratios, relatively high δ18 OV-SMOW values and high δ13 CV-PDB values, which is similar with most sedimentary carbonates. Furthermore, no contemporaneous mantle-derived silicate rocks have yet been found in West Junggar. The carbonate-rich rocks in West Junggar are thus distinct from mantle-derived carbonatites and are interpreted to result from melting of the Carboniferous sedimentary carbonates at crustal levels, these rocks therefore being referred to as 'crustal carbonatites'. The Eocene crustal carbonatites in West Junggar and other Cenozoic magmatic rocks in North Xinjiang are generally situated along regional strike-slip faults or fault intersections. Therefore, we propose that the reactivation of the Darbut and Baijiantan crustal-scale strike-slip fault zones(ophiolitic mélanges), due to the far-field effects of the Indian-Eurasian collision, enables decompression melting of the underlying continental lithospheric mantle. These resulting melts ascended to the lower crust through the strike-slip faults, causing partial melting of the Carboniferous carbonaceous sediments. The crustal carbonatites in West Junggar provide a new piece of evidence for Cenozoic magmatism in North Xinjiang and are also significant for the investigation of tectono-magmatic relations in North Xinjiang and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.     

Structural,Kinematic and Geochronological Study of the Main Tianshan Shear Zone in the Borohoro Ranges,NW China

The western segment of the Main Tianshan shear zone (MTSZ) branches into three major dextral strike-slip shear zones in the Borohoro Ranges, northwestern China. Mylonitic rocks within these zones exhibit vertical foliations, subhorizontal lineations, and dextral kinematics. The microstructures and CPO patterns of calcite and quartz in the tectonites suggest shearing at temperatures of 200°C to 500°C or above. The amount of dextral displacement along the zones is less than 100 km. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from some pre-kinematic granites gave ages of 364–325 Ma and 316 Ma, and zircons from a syn-kinematic leucogranite gave an age of 291 Ma. We propose that dextral shearing along the MTSZ started in the earliest Permian. Our data indicate that collision between the Yili and Junggar plates might have finished before 325 Ma or 316 Ma, with a tectonic transformation from 325 Ma to 300 Ma, resulting in intracontinental transpression from 300 Ma or 291 Ma. We suggest that the formation of the Kazakhstan orocline (KO) took place in two stages, with the early stage of bending driven by convergence related to oblique subduction, and the late stage possibly associated with lateral disarticulation as a result of the dextral strike-slip shear zones.     

渤海湾盆地石臼坨东428潜山构造成因解析:华北克拉通破坏的深度揭示

渤海湾盆地是在中生代华北克拉通破坏基础上,经由新生代深埋形成的叠合盆地,遭受了多期不同性质构造叠加改造。渤海海域油气资源的勘探逐步走向深层,深部潜山油气藏成为重要的勘探目标。本文以石臼坨东428潜山构造(以下简称428构造)为例,探索渤海湾盆地潜山的形成和构造演化。基于前人对渤海湾盆地内构造和储层特征的研究成果,通过对地震剖面的精确解析,结合相干切片和其他地质资料,系统研究428构造各个阶段的变形特征,特别是对428构造的断裂特征进行了平面和剖面上的解析与断裂组合分析。结果发现:428构造东、西侧现今差异主要是由一条斜跨该构造的NEE向断裂导致的,对比邻区野外应变测量分析,识别出五期构造应力场,分别对应于印支期、燕山期和喜山期的各阶段应力场变化,并结合428构造及其周缘残留地层等方面的证据,进而认为428构造经历了中生代印支期-燕山早期逆冲、燕山中-晚期伸展、燕山末期挤压及新生代右行右阶的走滑-拉分构造叠加的多期复合构造模式。     

珠江口盆地阳江东凹古近系构造特征与勘探潜力

阳江东凹是近年来珠江口盆地(东部)的热点探区,过去四十余年受限于钻井数量与地震资料品质和覆盖范围,缺少对古近系的研究。随着勘探程度的提高,走向深层古近系是珠江口盆地油气勘探的必然趋势。本文在覆盖全区的高品质三维地震资料基础上,结合新近钻井和测井资料,系统解剖阳江东凹的构造特征及其对沉积充填的控制,并探讨古近系的勘探潜力。阳江东凹发育5个次级洼陷,古近纪控洼断裂频繁转换,断裂活动、岩浆底侵导致的隆升差异性控制了各次洼三级层序的展布、厚度和沉积充填。东部恩平20洼、恩平21西洼和恩平21东洼控洼断裂活动强度整体较强,文昌组以半深湖相和辫状河三角洲沉积为主,烃源条件和储盖组合良好,特别是恩平21东洼的缓坡带,是阳江东凹古近系勘探的有利区带。     

珠江口盆地多期走滑构造与叠合型拉分盆地:以阳江东凹为例

珠江口盆地的成盆机制和构造演化过程探讨是该地区烃源岩研究中不可缺少的环节,也是大家广泛关注的焦点问题。本文以阳江东凹为例,通过整体与局部相结合的分析方法,从整体上确定了研究区走滑断裂的发育特征和展布框架,明确了区域构造运动与走滑断裂的成因联系;并将整体划分成局部,聚焦于阳江东凹古近纪盆地构造演化阶段逐步分解与精细检验,对珠江口盆地的成盆机制、发育过程和演化模式进行分阶段解剖和分析。结果表明,研究区的构造演化过程分为三个阶段:文三段沉积期NW-SE向伸展,文二段沉积期南北向区域拉张作用下NE走向断裂右行右阶走滑拉分和文一段-恩平组沉积期NWW向走滑断裂左行左阶拉分。由于三个阶段受到不同的区域构造运动影响,各阶段盆地的打开方式和断裂的分布特征具有一定差异。同时,不同时期的构造演化过程与同时期区域构造应力场的转变一一对应,控制了沉积-沉降中心的分布,据此本文提出珠江口盆地的裂解模式是多期走滑构造控制的"叠合型"拉分盆地的新认识,研究区整体表现为三期构造叠合型盆地,盆地的构造叠合机制与洼陷的生烃排烃具有一定的相关性。     

复杂环境条件下地铁降水回灌系统设计与研究

针对北京市地铁丰益桥南站和丰益桥南站—终点区间施工降水回灌场地周边复杂环境,基于抽水试验、场地回灌试验、周边回灌试验等,从回灌池的深度、回灌井的深度、单井回灌水量、回灌井布置等方面设计了回灌系统.分别采用解析法和数值法检验了回灌系统方案的合理性,最终确定了以84眼小口径井和1眼大口井进行补充的回灌方案能满足施工降水排水需求.经实际运行显示,系统回灌总量7261×104 m3,实现了地铁降水排水100％资源性回灌.