Rheological Properties of Mantle Peridotites at Yushigou in the North Qilian Mountains and Their Implicationsfor Plate Dynamics

This paper discusses in detail the deformation textures, glide system, petrofabrics and olivine dislocation microstructures of mantle peridotites at Yushigou in the North Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. The peridotites have undergone high-pressure, high-temperature and low-strain rate plastic flow deformation. According to the dynamic recrystallized-grain size of olivine and the average spacing between the dislocation walls as well as the chemical composition of enstatite, the authors calculated the rheological parameters of the ancient upper mantle in the study area as follows: temperatures 1025-1093℃; pressures 3043-4278 MPa; depths 95-132 km; deviatoric stress 28-32 MPa; strain rates 0.2×10-14-2.13×10-14s-1 and equivalent viscosities 0.45×1020-4.65×1020 Pa · s. These parameters suggest that the position where plastic flow took place was correspondent to the low-velocity zone beneath the oceanic lithosphere and that oceanization characterized by middle-velocity (1-3 cm/a) sea-floor spreadi     

Emission of nitrous oxide from temperate forest soils into the atmosphere

N₂O emission rates were measured during a 13-month period from July 1981 till August 1982 with a frequency of once every two weeks at six different forest sites in the vicinity of Mainz, Germany. The sites were selected on the basis of soil types typical for many of the Central European forest ecosystems. The individual N₂O emission rates showed a high degree of temporal and spatial variabilities which, however, were not significantly correlated to variabilities in soil moisture content or soil temperatures. However, the N₂O emission rates followed a general seasonal trend with relatively high values during spring and fall. These maxima coincided with relatively high soil moisture contents, but may also have been influenced by the leaf fall in autumn. In addition, there was a brief episode of relatively high N₂O emission rates immediately after thawing of the winter snow. The individual N₂O emission rates measured during the whole season ranged between 1 and 92 g N₂O-N m^–2 h^–1. The average values were in the range of 3–11 g N₂O-N m^–2 h^–1 and those with a 50% probability were in the range of 2–8 g N₂O-N m^–2 h^–1. The total source strength of temperate forest soils for atmospheric N₂O may be in the range of 0.7–1.5 Tg N yr^–1.     

华东地区评估和推算场地最大水平加速度的一种实用方法

本文提出华东地区以地震地质确定性方法为场地工程勘察估算最大水平加速度的具体步骤,并指出如何考虑远、近场地震对场地地震动的影响,使提出的场地地震动参数更加合理,从而达到提高重大工程的安全度。     

Field determination of copper, manganese and Zinc in sulphide materials by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry

A field-portable analytical method is described for the semi-quantitative determination of Cu, Mn and Zn in oceanic sulphide minerals. Samples were prepared on board ship and analyzed using the AAZ-2 field portable atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The method has general applicability to a variety of field locations at sea or on land. Analyte concentrations ranging from the ppm to percent levels could be determined by selecting the appropriate analytical wavelengths and sample dilution factors. Samples were dissolved using hydrochloric and nitric acids in sealed teflon vessels. Concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn were determined with an accuracy of approximately 10% when field results were compared with determinations subsequently carried out on the same samples in the laboratory by flame atomic absorption methods.     

黄铁矿、菱铁矿、白云石在不同气氛下热行为的研究——QDTA/T/EGD/GC在线联用技术(Ⅶ)

应用差热分析(DTA)/逸气检测(EGD)/气相色谱(GC)在线联同技术及其装置,对黄铁矿、菱铁矿、白云石在N_2、Air、CO_2、Air/CO_2气氛下的热行为进行了研究。依据测得的DTA/EGD/DC曲线所提供的信息,探讨了黄铁矿热氧化分解反应历程;鉴定了菱铁矿中的含硫杂质;考察了白云石在N_2、Air、CO_2气氛下的热行为。实验结果表明,把热分析与高灵敏度的逸气检测/逸气分析的联用技术应用于矿物学研究领域中,将更发挥其潜在的优越性和独特的效用。     

犬牙状微斜长石—钾交代型铀矿床中的标型矿物

本文首次系统总结了钾交代型铀矿床的标型矿物——犬牙状微斜长石的五项标型特征。它们是:色深、浑浊;晶体由几组平行双面组成的似菱柱体聚形、鱼鳞状,叠瓦状集合体;三斜对称,T_(10)位铝含量高达0.91％;高钾、低钠、含铀和富铁;较小的折光率和比重。同时,建立了与标型特征相对应的矿床形成的地质地球化学条件。     

Field studies of methane emission from termite nests into the atmosphere and measurements of methane uptake by tropical soils

The flux of CH₄ and CO₂ from termite nests into the atmosphere has been measured in a broad-leafed-type savannah in South Africa. Measurements were carried out on nests of species of six genera, i.e., Hodotermes, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Trinervitermes, Cubitermes, and Amitermes. The flux rates of CH₄ relative to the flux rate of CO₂ in terms of carbon obtained for the individual species showed ratios of 2.9×10^-3, 7.0×10^-4, 6.7×10^-5, 8.7×10^-3, 2.0×10^-3 and 4.2×10^-3, respectively. Using data published on the assimulation efficiencies of termites, the flux of carbon as CH₄ accounts for 6.0×10^-5 to 2.6×10^-3 of the carbon ingested which results in a global CH₄ emission by termites of 2 to 5×10¹² g/yr. Methane is decomposed in the soil with average decomposition rates of 52 g/m²/h. The annual CH₄ consumption in the tropics and subtropics is estimated to be 21×10¹² g which exceeds the CH₄ emission rate by termites.     

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized and unfertilized soils in a subtropical region (Andalusia,Spain)

Field measurements of N₂O emission rates were carried out from August until October 1982 in a subtropical region in Europe, i.e. in Andalusia, Spain. The measurements were performed by using an automatic sampling and analysis technique allowing the semi-continuous determination of N₂O emission rates. The N₂O emission rates were positively correlated to the soil surface temperature and exhibited a diurnal rhythm with maximum rates in the afternoon and minimum rates in the early morning with average values of 1 g N₂O–N/m²/h for the grass lawn and 15 g N₂O–N/m²/h for cultivated land. Application of urea and ammonium nitrate resulted in elevated N₂O emission rates when compared to the unfertilized control. The loss of fertilizer-nitrogen as N₂O was 0.18% for urea and 0.04% for NH₄NO₃ which compares very well with data obtained in a temperate climate (Germany). The total source strength of fertilizer-derived N₂O is estimated to be 0.01–2.2 Tg N₂O–N per year. The N₂O flux from unfertilized natural soils may be as high as 4.5 Tg N₂O–N, indicating that the N₂O emission from soils contributes significantly to the global N₂O budget.     

Chemostratigraphy of Flood Basalts in the Garze-Litang Region and Zongza Block: Implications for Western Extension of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China

The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is just a maximum estimation because some parts of the ELIP were not recognized or dismembered and destroyed during the Triassic to Cenozoic tectonism. In this paper, the chemostratigraphical data of the Zongza block, the Garze-Litang belt and the Songpan-Garze block suggest that the Late Permian basalts in these areas have remarkable similarities to the ELIP basalts in petrography and geochemistry. Flood basalts in the Sanjiangkou area are composed of the lower part of the low-Ti (LT) tholeiite and the upper part of the high-Ti (HT) tholeiite, which is the same as the flood basalts on the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Flood basalts in the Zongza and Songpan-Garze areas, which are far from the Yangtze craton, consist of HT tholeiite only. This is the same as the flood basalts within the Y     

Geomorphological assessment of sites and impoundments for the long term containment of Uranium mill tailings in the Alligator Rivers region

This paper presents a program of current and future research into those geomorphological processes likely to affect the long term containment of uranium mill tailings in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory. Research is directed at three main areas: (1) identification of geomorphic hazards at proposed impoundment sites; (2) determination of erosion rates on impoundment slopes; and (3) prediction of patterns of fluvial dispersal of released tailings. Each necessitates consideration of present and future geomorphic processes.