Study on the Global Carbon Assimilation System Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data

The Paris agreement signed in April, 2016 aims to balance global anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks by the middle of the 21^st century. To fulfill this goal, it is necessary to calculate carbon fluxes of different regions reliably. The global carbon assimilation system is an effective technique for achieving this goal. The Ministry of Science and Technology of China supports the project entitled as study on the global carbon assimilation system based on multisource remote sensing data through the national key research and development programs for global change and adaptation during the thirteen-five period. This project will develop synergic inversion techniques for retrieving key parameters of biological and atmospheric cycles and for assimilating multisource remote sensing and ground based data. Then, the high resolution global carbon assimilation system coupled with an ecological model will be constructed. This system is able to assimilate jointly multisource observation data and to optimize key model parameters, photosynthesis and respiration carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions. This system will be used to study quantitatively the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions and to identify the mechanisms driving the global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources. The outputs of this study will be helpful for the fulfillment of the key research and development programs for global change and adaptation and provide valuable data and technical support for the decision-making in China.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Early Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of Kalamaili,Xinjiang

Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks are widely distributed in western fault zone of Kalamaili. Studies show that the rocks are basalt, andesite and basaltic andesite, calc-alkaline series with SiO₂ content of samples ranging from 49.43% to 59.08%, TiO₂ (1.18%~2.49%), P₂O₅ (0.21%~0.92%) and MgO (3.81%~6.28%). Samples have relatively high HFSE content (Ti, Zr, Y) and also high La/Nb (2.98~1.96), Zr/Y (9.36~4.01) ratio. The primitive mantle normalized trace element spider shows samples enriched LILE (Rb, Ba, K, U) and Pb, but relatively depleted Nb, Ta and Ti. Rare earth element distribution of REE shows slightly enriched LREE, (La/Yb)_N=1.93~9.59, and that Eu is weakly negative anomaly (δEu=0.87~0.95). Combined with geochemical characteristics of WPB and VAB. Shanlianglishi Formation strata formed in the stretched after collision environmen. After partial melting of the enriched mantle that was previously metasomatized by the subduction fluid and with participation of the subduction sediment, magma experienced a certain degree of fractional crystallization and contamination by earth crust, and then erupted to form the Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks. In eraly Late-Carboniferous, extensional movement was the most intense volcanic activity, which reached its peak in this area.     

Review on Montane Forest Eco-hydrology in Arid Area

Since the forest eco-hydrology of arid area shows a well sensitivity of the global climate change, the relationship between forest and water and the hydrological function has attracted the attention of academic communites and management departments. This paper expounds the research progress in arid mountain forest eco-hydrology, and analyses the formation and stable mechanism of forest patch pattern, the relationship between forest and water yield and the response of forest eco-hydrology to climate change from three aspects: Forest spatial pattern, hydrological process and its response to climate change. In addition, combined with the current research progress, the research emphases in the future are put forward: Strengthening the research on the coupling of vegetation pattern and hydrological process; solving the scale problem by using remote sensing technique and model; enhancing the understanding towards the hydrological function of forest; determining the suitable forest scale which can balance the relationship of ecology and hydrological effect.     

甘肃文县关家沟泥石流物源条件与治理工程探析

关家沟泥石流沟位于文县县城北部,具有极为丰富的物源条件。通过调查从泥石流的岩土体类型及特征、地质构造、水文地质、新构造运动及地震等方面,对物源条件的地质环境背景进行了总结。其松散固体物质主要有滑坡堆积物、崩塌堆积物、滑塌—坍塌堆积物、沟道冲洪积堆积物及面状堆积物等。固体物质总储量为11 570.1×104m3,转化为泥石流组成部分的主要方式包括滑坡、崩塌、滑塌—坍塌直接堆积或堵塞沟道,被水流冲蚀、搬运;滑坡体、崩塌体表层松散物质及沟坡上的面状堆积物在降水面蚀作用下,细粒物质流入沟道,补给泥石流增加了泥石流的黏度;沟道内早期的冲洪积物被泥石流直接搬运、冲蚀,构成泥石流固体松散物质等。通过对物源条件分析,提出了治理工程措施,以期为关家沟泥石流灾害防治提供参考。     

柬埔寨茅草田地区地球化学异常及找矿意义

对柬埔寨王国茅草田地区进行1∶5万土壤地球化学测量,以及对该区内的元素分布特征、单元素异常特征、元素相关性分析和相关元素组合异常研究,确定了找矿靶区;通过地表工程揭露,发现金矿体,验证了异常为矿致异常。     

现代银杏叶脉参数初步研究

对南京现生银杏叶片的长枝阳叶、短枝阳叶和短枝阴叶的形态参数和叶脉参数进行观察和度量。结果显示:长枝阳叶、短枝阳叶和短枝阴叶的叶脉密度分别为14.78±2.44 cm、16.05±2.57cm、15.31±2.34 cm,叶脉指数分别为0.090±0.026、0.098±0.037、0.091±0.027,差别不显著。表明,银杏叶生长位置和光照强度对其叶脉参数影响不大。     

一幅新的第四纪地质及地貌图的编制——以宁夏与山东为例

为了更好地与生态环境及灾害地质紧密结合,第二代全国区域地质志编制项目规定第四纪地质及地貌图为必编图件之一。图件内容包括第四纪地质体的时代、成因类型、岩性和地貌成因形态组合类型、活动断裂及海侵范围等重要地质内容,同时,附第四纪地质-地貌典型剖面和重要的地貌景点。图件特点:(1)图件的地理底图是首次用数字高程模型(DEM)数据灰度图作背景;(2)第四纪地质内容与地貌成因形态类型同编为一幅图;(3)第四纪地质体的面色用成因类型色表示;(4)地貌部分划分了不同级别成因形态类型和有特色的微地貌景点。总之,图面有立体感,地形高差明显,层次分明,色彩鲜艳,是一幅崭新的图件,可供防灾治理和地质旅游参考应用。     

张家口高家庄多金属矿床成矿时代厘定及其地质意义

太行山北东向构造-岩浆岩带中发育有多个燕山期酸性岩体,目前已发现的多金属及贵金属矿床与燕山期岩体有着密切的成因联系。本文对分布于大河南岩体北西侧的高家庄多金属矿床采用硫化物Rb-Sr法进行了同位素定年,(144.5±1.4)Ma等时线测年结果与采用锆石U-Pb法确定的大河南岩体形成时代接近;此外,矿床硫化物的初始锶同位素比值为0.7122~0.7123,显示成矿物质来源以壳源为主。这与大河南岩体主要为陆壳物质部分熔融形成的认识相一致,即高家庄多金属矿床在成矿物质来源上与大河南岩体的形成与演化之间具有密切的成因联系。大河南岩体的形成时限与区内多金属矿床形成时限与中国东部第二次大规模成矿期一致,此时区内地球动力学环境正处于主应力场由近南北向转换到近东西向的构造体制大转折时期。在此独特的成矿背景下,深熔作用形成的花岗质岩浆沿NNE向与原EW向断裂交汇处侵位。花岗质岩浆高侵位但未发生喷发作用,使挥发组分和成矿元素得以保存,从而为大规模成矿作用提供了必须的热、流体、挥发组分和成矿元素。     

西天山巴音布鲁克地区早古生代成矿地质环境:岩浆岩及其时代和元素同位素约束

西天山位于中亚造山带(CAOB)西南部,是其重要组成部分。CAOB晚古生代金属成矿环境和过程尤为典型,但早古生代成矿地质环境还不甚清楚。新疆巴音布鲁克地区出露(原定时代晚志留世)巴音布鲁克组火山岩夹浅海相碎屑岩和灰岩,是认识西天山早古生代成矿地质环境的难得对象。巴音布鲁克组出露于Nikolaev-那拉提山北缘断裂与Atbash-Inylchek-那拉提山南缘断裂之间的中天山,在巴音布鲁克地区典型发育,火山岩包括玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及相应的火山碎屑岩,其中侵入岩有正长斑岩和花岗闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS测得玄武安山岩、英安岩、正长斑岩、花岗闪长岩、流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为455.6±8.1Ma、444.5±1.9Ma、441.4±1.6Ma、455.4±5.3Ma、424±1.9Ma,岩浆活动于晚奥陶-早志留世,喷出和侵入时代接近,原定巴音布鲁克组地层时代晚志留世应改为晚奥陶-早志留世。这些岩浆岩具有相似的稀土元素地球化学特征,微量元素相比原始地幔均亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti。玄武岩正的ε(t)=+1.6~+6.7,低的(~(87)~Sr/~(86)NdSr)i=0.70377~0.70489,指示岩浆源区具有亏损地幔特征,弱的Zr-Hf负异常,低的Th/Nb比值,较窄的同位素变化范围暗示地壳混染并不显著,微量元素及铅同位素特征(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.26~18.77,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.63~15.69,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.21~38.34)表明岩浆源区可能是俯冲流体及洋底沉积物交代的地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融成因。西天山巴音布鲁克地区早古生代岩浆岩应是南天山洋晚奥陶-早志留世向北向中天山陆块之下俯冲在中天山-伊犁板块南缘活动大陆边缘的岩浆产物,指示了陆缘岩浆弧环境。这种陆缘弧环境有利于斑岩铜金成矿系统发育,值得高度关注相关铜金矿的地质找矿。     

华北北缘东段开原地区三叠纪侵入岩年代学及岩石地球化学研究

本文报道了位于华北北缘东段开原地区尖山子岩体、宝兴岩体和树德屯岩体的岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学特征,探讨了上述岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,尖山子岩体形成于251±1.3Ma,宝兴岩体形成于235±1.3Ma,树德屯岩体形成于224±1.9Ma,说明开原地区三叠纪存在早三叠世、中三叠世和晚三叠世三个时期的岩浆活动。尖山子岩体以二长花岗岩为主,具高硅低镁特征,属钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Hf、Zr等高强场元素;δEu=0.55~1.87,(La/Yb)N=6.23~47.9,轻重稀土分馏明显,富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土。宝兴岩体以花岗闪长岩为主,Si O2含量变化较大(52.36%~74.06%),Al2O3含量(14.5%~17.34%),Mg O含量(0.61%~3.66%),属钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高强场元素;无明显的Eu异常,(La/Yb)N=6.81~25.6,轻重稀土分馏较明显,富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土。树德屯岩体以闪长岩为主,岩石具有低硅高镁特征,K2O/Na2O比值为0.33~0.76,显示富K贫Na特征,属钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti、Hf、Zr等高强场元素;无明显的Eu异常,(La/Yb)N=3.87~10.2,轻重稀土分馏不明显。上述岩石地球化学特征表明,尖山子岩体和宝兴岩体的原始岩浆起源于下地壳基性物质的部分熔融,树德屯岩体的原始岩浆起源于亏损的地幔楔。研究区三叠纪岩浆岩形成于造山阶段挤压环境下。华北北缘东段的挤压碰撞作用一直持续到晚三叠世(224Ma),而造山阶段向造山后阶段的构造转换(挤压地壳加厚向伸展垮塌的环境转换)发生于晚三叠世-早侏罗世(224~180Ma)期间。华北北缘东段中生代岩石圈减薄或破坏始于晚三叠世-早侏罗世(224~180Ma)期间。