Simulation of rainfall-runoff and watershed convergence process in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin,July 2002

The watershed flow concentration scheme in the distributed hydrology-soil- vegetation model (DHSVM) is coupled with the mesoscale atmospheric model MM5 version 3.5, in which the Oregen States University land surface model (OSULSM) was involved. The flood event which happened in July 2002 in the upper reaches of Heihe river basin is simulated and the surface flow convergence process is shown with this coupled model. It has been concluded that times water head reaches each place of the basin are different. Water amount at each point is split-flow proportionally as the drops in elevation between it and neighbor points. Large part of the water amount pass away in greater slope direction and small part pass away in smaller slope one. Adding of the slope convergence makes the atmospheric model redistributes the surface water laterally.

     

Contribution to diffuse gamma-rays in the Galactic Centre region from unresolved millisecond pulsars

Diffuse gamma-rays in the Galactic Centre region have been studied. We propose that there exists a population of millisecond pulsars in the Galactic Centre, which emit GeV gamma-rays through synchrotron-curvature radiation as predicted by outer gap models. These GeV gamma-rays from unresolved millisecond pulsars probably contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray spectrum detected by EGRET which displays a break at a few GeV. We have used a Monte Carlo method to obtain simulated samples of millisecond pulsars in the Galactic Centre region covered by EGRET  (∼ 15)  according to the different period and magnetic field distributions from observed millisecond pulsars in the Galactic field and globular clusters, and superposed their synchrotron-curvature spectra to derive the total GeV flux. Our simulated results suggest that there probably exist about 6000 unresolved millisecond pulsars in the region of angular resolution of EGRET, the emissions of which could contribute significantly to the observed diffuse gamma-rays in the Galactic Centre.     

疏散星团M11的研究:4.CM图、光度函数和分层效应

利用上海天文台 40cm天体照相仪底片资料所提供的疏散星团M1 1天区 (团心距r≤2 5′)内的 785颗恒星的相对自行和成员概率 ,讨论了M1 1的CM图、年龄、距离、半径、光度函数、质量和分层效应 ,得到M1 1的距离为 1 659pc ,年龄为 (1 .8— 2 .2 )× 1 0 8年 ,半径约为 2 4 .5pc ,光度质量 4354M⊙ ,位力质量 50 0 0M⊙ ,在确定光度函数时 ,提出了一种考虑样本天区不完备的修正办法 ,以便从观测光度函数导出现时光度函数 .分析表明 ,作为一个中等年龄的疏散星团 ,M 1 1中的团星已表现出较明显的空间质量分层效应 ;而另一方面 ,尽管存在速度质量分层效应 ,但很不明显     

Geostatistical analysis and conditional simulation for estimating the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity in the Choushui River alluvial fan,Taiwan

This work evaluated the spatial variability and distribution of heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity (K) in the Choushui River alluvial fan in Taiwan, using ordinary kriging (OK) and mean and individual sequential Gaussian simulations (SGS). A baseline flow model constructed by upscaling parameters was inversely calibrated to determine the pumping and recharge rates. Simulated heads using different K realizations were then compared with historically measured heads. A global/local simulated error between simulated and measured heads was analysed to assess the different spatial variabilities of various estimated K distributions. The results of a MODFLOW simulation indicate that the OK realization had the smallest sum of absolute mean simulation errors (SAMSE) and the SGS realizations preserved the spatial variability of the measured K fields. Moreover, the SAMSE increases as the spatial variability of the K field increases. The OK realization yields small local simulation errors in the measured K field of moderate magnitude, whereas the SGS realizations have small local simulation errors in the measured K fields, with high and low values. The OK realization of K can be applied to perform a deterministic inverse calibration. The mean SGS method is suggested for constructing a K field when the application focuses on extreme values of estimated parameters and small calibration errors, such as in a simulation of contaminant transport in heterogeneous aquifers. The individual SGS realization is useful in stochastically assessing the spatial uncertainty of highly heterogeneous aquifers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early Holocene High Magnitude Debris Flow Events and Environmental Change as Illustrated by the Moxi Platform, Hengduan Mountains, SW China

Introduction Landscape evolution in glaciated high mountains environment in southwestern China is undergoing the coupled processes of monsoon- induced denudation and active tectonic. The debris fan development, in particular sediment transfer, is most int…     

HISTORICAL DESERTIFICATION PROCESS IN HEXI CORRIDOR, CHINA

1IN TR O D U CTIO NH istoricdaelsertificatiisonnotonlythekeyissueon theinteractiobnetweennatureandhuman proces,sbutalsothemost challenginigssueinthecomplex reltaionshipbetweenhuman andland.Previousl,ymostChinesesci-entistisnthisfieldcarrieoduttheiresearch…     

Statistical approach to determine the salinized ground water flow path and hydrogeochemical features around the underground LPG cavern,Korea

The ground water flow path of the coastal area in the Yellow Sea, Korea, was interpreted using both the cross‐correlation analysis of hydraulic properties and the principal component analysis (PCA) of ground water chemistry. Data was obtained from observation wells in the underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cavern constructed in the coastal area of Pyeongtaek. Cross‐correlation results showed that the operating pressure became more influenced on artificial factors for the variation of the groundwater level of the study area (45–66% of correlation coefficient) even though its affecting area was limited to the region with fractures or faults, and also showed that the delay time from the variation of operating pressure to the fluctuation of ground water level were relatively long periods (28–31 days). Three hydrogeochemical events (encrusted cement dissolution, host rock dissolution, and seawater intrusion), which were dominantly influenced on ground water quality, could be induced from the result of PCA. Quantitative evaluation for these events using the mixed equation with principal component scores suggest that the dissolution of encrusted cement materials was the predominant factor (39·0% of the total mixed proportion) to change the chemical composition of the seepage water during the ground water flow from the observation wells to the cavern. Integration of the statistical results also imply that ground water flow and hydrogeochemistry were predominantly affected by artificial factors such as cavern operation pressure and dissolution of encrusted cement materials, which were interdependent factors on the observation wells with high cross‐correlation coefficients and pH. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原华北地台早前寒武纪演化的巨旋回

导言原华北地台分布于东经105°以东,北纬30°—40°之间。东南部中、晚元古范围比黄汲清中朝准地台向南延伸稍远,包括淮阳地区以南部分在内(图1)。五十年代开始区域地质调查,七十年代早期在野外认识基础上,作了区域性归纳(程等,1973,1982a,1982b),此外,对矿物相、变质相系、混合岩、花岗岩(程、张,1982;董申保,1982),矿物对的地温地压(张,1981:靳是琴等;1982),氧同位素研究(崔等,1980)。为进一步     

Existence of periodically invariant curves in 3-dimensional measure-preserving mappings

With the aid of a normal form of a family of measure-preserving mappings in dimension 3, which is deduced in this paper, we prove that there are periodically invariant curves which survive the nonlinear perturbations in the generic case.     

白光连续谱与模型大气

本文依据白光耀斑连续发射谱的一般观测事实,通过对一系列模型大气的非局部热动平衡计算,从半经验角度探讨了白光连续发射与模型大气的关系。结果表明:光球深层的温度增加或者过渡区存在平台结构均可解释观测到的白光辐射增强。对如何从理论上来解释这些大气结构本文也提出了一些看法。