中国大中城市流动人口迁移规律研究

本文在对西方国家人口流动研究进行综述的基础上,通过北京,天津,南京,廓坊,唐山和昆山等大中城市流动人口问卷调查,首次对大中城市流动人口迁移和流动特征,从业结构,迁移原因与途径进行了系统的研究。中国现在正在经历大规模的农村流动人口向城市迁移的过程。     

Large-scale Circulation Control of the Occurrence of Low-level Turbulence at Hong Kong International Airport

This study identifies the atmospheric circulation features that are favorable for the occurrence of low-level turbulence at Hong Kong International Airport [below 1600 feet(around 500 m)]. By using LIDAR data at the airport, turbulence and nonturbulence cases are selected. It is found that the occurrence of turbulence is significantly related to the strength of the southerly wind at 850 h Pa over the South China coast. On the other hand, the east–west wind at this height demonstrates a weak relation to the occurrence. This suggests that turbulence is generated by flow passing Lantau Island from the south. The southerly wind also transports moisture from the South China Sea to Hong Kong, reducing local stability. This is favorable for the development of strong turbulence. It is also noted that the strong southerly wind during the occurrence of low-level turbulence is contributed by an anomalous zonal gradient of geopotential in the lower troposphere over the South China Sea. This gradient is caused by the combination of variations at different timescales. These are the passage of synoptic extratropical cyclones and anticyclones and the intraseasonal variation in the western North Pacific subtropical high. The seasonal variation in geopotential east of the Tibetan Plateau leads to a seasonal change in meridional wind, by which the frequency of low-level turbulence is maximized in spring and minimized in autumn.     

南极独角雪冰鱼(Chionodraco hamatus)miR-7132对红细胞发生的作用研究

micro RNA为短链非编码RNA,通过与靶基因3′UTR序列互补在转录后水平发挥作用。已有研究表明,micro RNA在红细胞发生过程中起着重要的调控作用。南极冰鱼是目前已知的唯一仅具有无功能性血红细胞的脊椎动物。前期研究提示,独角雪冰鱼(Chionodraco hamatus)头肾中高表达的micro RNAs可能抑制着冰鱼红血球的发生。本研究针对南极冰鱼头肾中高表达的miR-7132,运用斑马鱼显微注射、双荧光素酶报告系统,并结合靶基因预测等手段研究了miR-7132对血红细胞发生的作用机制。结果表明:斑马鱼胚胎注射miR-7132后,固蓝染色显示斑马鱼胚胎红细胞中血红蛋白的表达显著下降,这表明miR-7132的过表达抑制了血红细胞生成。通过转录组数据结合比对冰鱼的全基因组序列,获得了独角雪冰鱼血红细胞生成的血红素生物合成的限速酶(5′-aminolevulinate synthase 2,ALAS2)基因3′UTR序列。构建含ALAS2基因3′UTR序列的双荧光素酶报告质粒,并与miR-7132共转染293T细胞检测荧光素酶活性变化;构建包含绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)的表达质粒与miR-7132共同注射斑马鱼胚胎,检测GFP荧光强度与蛋白表达量变化。结果显示,转染miR-7132的293T细胞荧光素酶相对活性显著降低,ALAS2基因是miR-7132的一个靶基因。斑马鱼体内注射miR-7132的GFP荧光强度显著降低,且GFP蛋白表达量显著减少。本研究揭示了miR-7132对血红细胞生成的抑制作用,miR-7132通过抑制ALAS2基因的表达而抑制南极冰鱼血红细胞的发生。     

基于CFD技术的陡峭山体风场模拟方法研究

为更好将计算流体力学(CFD)技术应用于陡峭山体的风场模拟研究,文中对其中两个关键技术问题进行了研究,一是适宜的CFD解域顶高问题,二是入流边界条件设置方法问题。研究采用了香港国际机场的多普勒雷达径向速度观测资料,通过CFD模拟结果与观测结果对比验证展开研究。对于解域顶高,一般环境流体力学或建筑风工程领域要求顶高越高越好,例如5倍于地面障碍物的垂直高度,究其原因,主要是为了获得地面障碍物周边的整个流场结构,避免顶边界过低影响障碍物顶部流场的准确性。通过数值试验发现,若模拟关心的区域为较低海拔高度时,不必完全拘泥于该要求,对一座高度为1000m量级的山体进行模拟,顶高为3000和6000m的两组试验在边界层中低部给出的模拟结果没有显著差别。进行了3组边界条件设置方法的对比试验,结果表明单纯采用廓线法不足以充分描述来流信息,二维插值法尽管提供了更高分辨率的边界数据,但其结果总体上逊于0维插值法。研究表明,CFD可以很好地描述山地激发的涡旋/波动脱体运动,比单纯采用中尺度模式效果要好得多。在利用CFD工具研究复杂山地风场时,应本着"实用主义"的精神设置物理模型、参数和选取适当的方法、边界条件,以达到模拟精度和计算量的优化平衡,并足以用于研究所关心的具体问题。     

MEASUREMENTS OF PARTICLE NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND NEW PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS DURING WINTER IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION, CHINA

Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.     

香港坪洲岛坪洲组中钙芒硝假晶的确定及其成因探讨

本文通过野外地质调查、显微鉴定分析、EPMA测试和 X射线分析 ,确定香港坪洲岛坪洲组地层中的方沸石、锥辉石和次生方解石等矿物部分是交代原始盐类矿物钙芒硝形成的 ,它们多以集合体方式构成钙芒硝假晶 ,具有钙芒硝的棱面体形态 ,并可以和区域上含钙芒硝的盐系地层进行对比。本文认为 ,原始钙芒硝为上述矿物的形成提供了 Na2 O和 Ca O,热液活动带来了部分 Si O2 ,通过交代蚀变作用形成了丰富的钙芒硝假晶。这一研究成果表明 ,坪洲组是一盐系地层 ,大鹏湾盆地在晚白垩世—古近纪时期是一演化程度较高的硫酸盐型蒸发岩盆地。     

On the Subdivisions of the Red Beds of South-Eastern China

Two subdivisions of the Red Beds can be distinguished,the older being un-conformably overlain by the younger.They are tentatively considered Cretaceousand early Tertiary in age respectively.A critical review shows that the Tanhsiaformation of K.L.Fong represents the lower part of the younger Red Bedswhile his Nanhsiung formation,instead of overlying the Tanhsia,is referableto the older Red Series.Two types of the older Red Beds are distinguishedaccording to their petrological contents:the common type an...     

徐宿弧安徽北段地区矽卡岩型Au-Fe-Cu矿床以及有关的中酸性侵入岩年代学研究

徐宿弧安徽北段地区中酸性岩体由多期次岩浆活动形成,部分岩体中发育一系列矽卡岩型（Fe）-Au-Cu-（Mo）和Fe矿床。对该区域内王场矽卡岩型铁矿床成矿岩体（闪长玢岩）和区内最大的矽卡岩型金矿床（杨桥孜Au-Cu矿床）中的辉钼矿进行了测年研究,获得王场闪长玢岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为132.1±1.9 Ma,杨桥孜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为130.0±3.2 Ma。系统分析了区内成岩年代、矿化类型及成矿规律,认为区内的岩浆岩可分为4期,矿床分为4种类型,具体为：第1期岩浆岩为新元古代早期的浅成基性侵入岩（辉绿岩）,与原生金刚石矿床有关;第2期岩浆岩为侏罗纪早期的中酸性侵入岩;第3期岩浆岩为早白垩世早期的中酸性侵入岩,与矽卡岩型Fe矿床和矽卡岩型（Fe）-Au-Cu-（Mo）矿床有关;第4期为早白垩世晚期的酸性侵入岩。研究区还发现了与深成基性侵入岩有关的岩浆熔离型Cu-Ni矿床,但尚无年代学研究报道。矿化以与中酸性侵入岩有关的Fe、Au-Cu矿化为主,与基性侵入岩有关的Cu-Ni及金刚石矿化较少。研究区各期次岩浆岩都形成于华北克拉通伸展的构造环境,但受不同的地质事件控制。区内大规模的成岩成矿时代集中分布在早白垩世,可能与同时期华北克拉通岩石圈破坏有关。成岩成矿年代学与地球化学数据表明,徐宿弧地区深部可能存在与胶东地区相类似的热液金多金属矿床,为该区今后的找矿方向提供了参考。     

基于Agent的水资源管理模型研究进展

基于Agent的模型(Agent-based models,ABM)研究已成为水资源管理研究理论与方法的重要补充。对水资源管理ABM研究进行归纳与展望,有助于探索优化中国水资源管理体制和机制。在阐述水资源管理ABM概念及内涵的基础上,提炼出主体决策规则和互作机制两个建模核心内容,并对其方法进行了归纳分析;从流域水资源优化配置、城镇居民用水管理和灌区水资源管理3个方面,对2009—2018年主要水资源管理ABM研究进行了综述;针对当前研究的难点与不足,提出未来研究重点:①拓展复杂适应理论在水资源管理领域的应用;②加强不确定性水资源管理ABM研究;③探索基于机器学习的决策规则建模方法;④重视参数校准和结果校验及检验方法;⑤加强模型表述格式标准化进程;⑥综合权衡水资源管理ABM框架。