水玻璃固化硫酸盐渍土强度特性及固化机制研究

盐渍土化学固化法是解决盐渍土盐胀、溶陷和腐蚀等不良工程问题的有效方法之一。通过无侧限抗压强度试验、X射线衍射试验、化学成分分析和扫描电镜试验研究了石灰粉、煤灰、水玻璃联合固化硫酸盐渍土的强度特征,分析探讨了其固化机制。试验结果表明：石灰含量小于8%时,石灰、粉煤灰、水玻璃联合固化硫酸盐渍土的抗压和抗剪强度较石灰粉煤灰固化土有大幅度提升,固化土强度随水玻璃浓度几乎呈线性增长。水玻璃固化硫酸盐渍土强度增加的机制在于：水玻璃的碱激发粉煤灰作用和水玻璃与盐渍土中化学成分的吸附作用所生成各类凝胶的填充和包裹,使得骨架颗粒的接触面积增大,颗粒之间的孔隙逐步减小,骨架颗粒由点接触变为面接触,固化盐渍土通过凝胶而黏结成为一个紧密的空间网状整体结构,土体强度得以提高。同时,复杂的物理化学作用大幅度降低了固化盐渍土中 含量,有效地抑制了硫酸盐渍土的盐胀特性。     

基于有限断层模型的芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震强地面运动特征

基于芦山地震的震源破裂过程反演结果,利用有限断层模型,以芦山地区三维地壳速率结构模型为基础,对芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震引起的强地面运动进行了模拟.对这次地震中由典型盲断层引起的强地面运动数值模拟结果反映了与实际震害相近的分布特征:断层上盘的宝盛、龙门及芦山以北位于极震区,也是强地面运动的高强度集中区,特别是垂向分量的速度、加速度峰值均在该地区达到了最大值,最能反映地表震害特征的竖向地震加速度在龙门一带达到了350gal,与极震区Ⅸ度的烈度相当,而在芦山以北龙门一带,瞬时竖向位移峰值高达110cm,这些特征与实际震害分布是非常相近的.综合分析认为,这次地震强地面运动表现出了明显的逆冲断层引起的强地面运动的分布特征,同时在强地震动传播过程中,由于高陡峭地形地貌特征及四川盆地内山间盆地的影响,地形地貌和盆地效应对地震波的反射和放大作用明显加强,也是该地区地震破坏强度增大的重要因素.     

Impacts of Aerosol-Radiation Interactions on the Wintertime Particulate Pollution under Different Synoptic Patterns in the Guanzhong Basin,China

The effects of aerosol–radiation interactions(ARI) are not only important for regional and global climate, but they can also drive particulate matter(PM) pollution. In this study, the ARI contribution to the near-surface fine PM(PM2.5)concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin(GZB) is evaluated under four unfavorable synoptic patterns, including "northlow", "transition", "southeast-trough", and "inland-high", based on WRF-Chem model simulations of a persistent heavy PM pollution episode in January 2019. Simulations show that ARI consistently decreases both solar radiation reaching down to the surface(SWDOWN) and surface temperature(TSFC), which then reduces wind speed, induces sinking motion,and influences cloud formation in the GZB. However, large differences under the four synoptic patterns still exist. The average reductions of SWDOWN and daytime TSFC in the GZB range from 15.2% and 1.04°C in the case of the"transition" pattern to 26.7% and 1.69°C in the case of the "north-low" pattern, respectively. Furthermore, ARI suppresses the development of the planetary boundary layer(PBL), with the decrease of PBL height(PBLH) varying from 18.7% in the case of the "transition" pattern to 32.0% in the case of the "north-low" pattern. The increase of daytime near-surface PM2.5 in the GZB due to ARI is 12.0%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 9.7% under the four synoptic patterns, respectively. Ensemble analyses also reveal that when near-surface PM2.5 concentrations are low, ARI tends to lower PM2.5 concentrations with decreased PBLH, which is caused by enhanced divergence or a transition from divergence to convergence in an area. ARI contributes 15%–25% toward the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations during the severe PM pollution period under the four synoptic patterns.     

Analysis of the Trends of Thunderstorms in 1951–2007 in Jiangsu Province

Based on the 1951–2007 thunderstorms in Jiangsu, a study is conducted for their climate trends, periodicity, spatiotemporal patterns, and the distributions of the first and last days of the thunderstorms at different guarantee rates (GRs) using climate tendency rate, wavelet analysis, and GR for diagnosis. Results suggest that the inter-annual number of thunderstorm days (TSDs) exhibits a decreasing trend in this province. The trend is displayed mainly in the decreasing TSD number in summer and autumn except in spring, when the variation is not significant in the study period. In this province, the TSD number declines by ~2 days per 10 years. On an inter-annual basis, the pronounced positive departures of the number take place chiefly in the early 1960s, the late 1960s to the early-mid-1970s, the late 1980s, and the late 1990s compared with the negative anomalies dominant in the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the mid-to-late-1990s, and the late 1990s to 2007. There are vast differences in the initial and ending days at diverse GRs in different areas of the province. At 50% GR, the earliest (last) days occur from mid-March to early April (early to late September) while at 80% GR, the initial (last) days are from late March to early May (early to late October). For the distribution of periods, the periods >8–10 years are relatively stable for the entire province. Based on 1951–2007 period analysis, the region north (south) of the Huaihe River experiences TSDs less (more) than normal days in recent years.     

中国工业废水达标排放的区域差异与收敛分析

水体中污染物主要来自人们的生产和生活活动.工业发展所排放的大量工业废水不仅影响着人们的饮水安全,也给生态环境带来一定程度的破坏.本文以工业废水排放达标率为着眼点,对1998～2008年我国八大区域T业废水达标排放的区域差异进行了σ收敛和β收敛分析.研究表明,中国区域间工业废水达标排放的总体差异没有呈现出显著的σ收敛.从...     

Effects of Mixing Granular Iron with Sand on the Kinetics of Trichloroethylene Reduction

A substantial cost of granular iron permeable reactive barriers is that of the granular iron itself. Cutting the iron with sand can reduce costs, but several performance issues arise. In particular, reaction rates are expected to decline as the percentage of iron in the blend is diminished. This might occur simply as a function of iron content, or mass transfer effects may play a role in a much less predictable fashion. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the performance consequences of mixing Connelly granular iron with sand using the reduction kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) to quantify the changes. Five mixing ratios (i.e., 100%, 85%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of iron by weight) were studied. The experimental data showed that there is a noticeable decrease in the reaction rate when the content of sand is 25% by weight (iron mass to pore volume ratio, Fe/V_p = 3548 g/L) or greater. An analysis of the reaction kinetics, using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation, indicated that mass transfer became an apparent cause of rate loss when the iron content fell below 50% by weight (Fe/V_p = 2223 g/L). Paradoxically, there were tentative indications that TCE removal rates were higher in a 15% sand + 85% iron mixture (Fe/V_p = 4416 g/L) than they were in 100% iron (Fe/V_p = 4577 g/L). This subtle improvement in performance might be due to an increase of iron surface available for contact with TCE, due to grain packing in the sand-iron mixture.     

Cu在TaN(111)表面团聚行为的分子动力学模拟

原子层沉积(ALD) 是下一代超大规模集成电路的首选工艺, 但是Cu籽晶层在阻挡层上的团聚限制了ALD工艺在半导体工业中的应用.目前对Cu在阻挡层TaN表面的团聚机理和行为还缺乏足够的理论认识, 为此利用第一性原理密度泛函理论(DFT) 对不同覆盖度下Cu原子在TaN (111) 表面的吸附能和电荷转移进行了研究, 结果显示, Cu在TaN (111) 表面的吸附强度随着Cu覆盖度的增加而减弱.利用从头算分子动力学模拟了500K温度下Cu单分子层在TaN (111) 表面的吸附动力学行为, 结果表明, 在这一典型的ALD温度下, Cu层在TaN (111) 表面发生团聚, 与实验中的观察结果相符.      

黏性土剪切带的形成与其屈服的内在联系的探索

为了深入了解黏性土的应力应变特性,对黏性土进行了量测侧向变形的不排水平面应变压缩试验。分析试验结果发现,黏性土局部化变形的起始点与黏性土样中的孔隙水压力的突然增长的转折点非常接近,而孔隙水压力开始急剧增长变化的转折点为其屈服点,说明黏性土剪切带开始形成的偏应力为其屈服点,超过此点后黏性土局部化变形加剧,这个发现将有助于土体在强度理论、变形和稳定分析等方面的深入研究。     

用Vis5D软件包在PC机上实现模式预报输出结果的可视化

介绍了Ｖｉｓ５Ｄ系统的运行环境、安装要点及主要功能;给出了Ｖｉｓ５Ｄ制作的图象实例;着重介绍了把模式输出结果转换为ｖ５ｄ格式文件的方法,以及几种常用网格数据文件转换为ｖ５ｄ格式文件的方法;简要说明了在Ｖｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下使用Ｖｉｓ５Ｄ制作的气象图像及进行动画播放的过程。     

柴达木盆地干柴沟地区油气成藏条件及其勘探意义

干柴沟地区烃源岩发育良好 ,具有较为有利的油气储、盖层 ,特别是在其东南部和南北向古构造带中油气勘探前景良好 ,但构造圈闭和有利的岩相带的相匹配 ,才是形成干柴沟地区油气藏的关键