带有周期分量的多元逐步回归

从气候资料中提取隐含周期是时间序列分析的目的之一。目前常用的方法有:谐波分析、周期图、谱分析和最大熵谱分析。谐波分析和谱分析在处理短序列时,分辨率很低。最大熵谱的优点是分辨率高,它对于揭露气候资料的周期是一个好方法,但很难用于预报。根据方差分析原理有人提出了另一个提取周期的方法。假设气候资料 x(t)是由若干周期函数和一个白噪声迭加而成的序列:     

欧亚地区500百帕上纬向风特征及其与中国天气的关系

本文定义了两个指数:一个是西风极区带面积指数，另一个是西风带强度指数。发现北半球纬向环流有几个周期振荡，中国的天气与北半球西风带强度及其南北迁移有密切关系。     

灰色分析与预测及其在气象中的应用 第五讲 灰色预测

由于事物发展的整体性和连续性,我们应从整体出发考虑事物的发展,并不断用新的信息来加以补充。世界是可知的,未来是可以预料的,事物发展有多种可能,随着人类的进步,科学技术的发展,人类可以预测和控制事物的发展,并使其向好的方向发     

1961 - 2016年秦岭山区冷季积雪日数变化特征及其影响因子

根据1961 - 2016年秦岭地区32个气象站点的气温、 降水及积雪等相关数据, 运用REOF、 M-K检验和小波分析等方法, 对秦岭地区冷季积雪日数的时空变化和影响因子进行分析。结果表明： 秦岭地区冷季多年平均积雪日数表现为北坡比南坡积雪日数多。在全球气候变暖的背景下, 海拔越高积雪日数减少的越多。秦岭冷季积雪日数呈现显著减少的趋势, 5个区的积雪日数年代际变化特征显著, 在20世纪末到21世纪初发生了由积雪日数偏多到偏少的突变。各区冷季积雪日数的周期变化主要集中在10 ~ 20 a, 秦岭南坡同时也显示了较为明显的4 a左右的周期变化。西北太平洋海温阶段性增暖是导致秦岭冷季积雪日数减少的外强迫因素。秦岭地区冷季平均气温的显著增暖和冷季降水量的显著减少直接造成积雪日数的减少。秦岭冷季积雪日数减少的突变要比气温增暖的突变大约滞后4 ~ 7 a。     

山西省春播期降水时空变化及环流异常特征

利用山西省72个国家气象站1961—2020年4—5月的降水量资料、NECP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和UKMO HADISST1海表温度资料，采用EOF、气候倾向率、滑动平均、小波分析、合成分析等方法，对春播期降水的时空变化及环流异常特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）山西省春播期降水量场主要有全省一致型，南北差异型以及南北和中部差异型这3种主要模态，分别占总年数的63.3%，25%和11.7%。（2）春播期降水量的增多趋势不显著，共经历了5个气候变化阶段，并存在 2～3年和12～13年的振荡周期。（3）在春播期异常多雨年期间，500 hPa高度场上呈“东高、西低”等分布特征，850 hPa风场上我国中东部地区盛行偏南气流，海平面气压场呈北高南低分布型，前冬赤道中东太平洋呈El Nino分布型，印度洋呈偶极子分布型，大西洋呈三极子分布型；而在异常少雨年期间，环流及海温特征则基本相反。     

The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.