Biomarker responses in the bivalve Chlamys farreri to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil

To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment.     

萧山站迁站观测资料对比评估

利用2016年(站址迁移对比期)萧山国家一般气象站新、旧址的气温、降水、相对湿度、风向、风速等气象要素逐日观测值,采用差值标准差、降水量累计相对差值、风向相符率、显著性检验等统计方法,对以上气象要素进行对比分析,结果表明:1)新址的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的年平均值均低于旧址,差值分别为-0.4℃、-0.7℃、-0.2℃,新、旧址的最高气温差异最大;新、旧址的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温在春、夏季节比较接近,而在秋、冬季节相差较大。2)新址相对湿度大于旧址,差值年平均为3%,新、旧址相对湿度的变化趋势基本一致,其中9—12月新旧址的相对湿度差值较大。3)新址的年降水量比旧址偏多110.3 mm,雨日比旧址偏少22 d,年降水量累计相对差值为7%,4—6月和9—11月期间新旧址的降水量观测数据差异较大。4)新址平均风速、最大风速、极大风速均比旧址偏大,差值年平均分别为2.0 m/s、3.6 m/s、3.5 m/s,新、旧址在春、夏季的风速相差较小,秋、冬季相差大,新、旧址在大风日数和静风出现次数上一致性较差;全年风向相符率为42.5%,两站址风向一致性较差。5)平均气温、降水量和平均相对湿度月(年)平均值与旧址近20 a的观测数据差异不显著,平均风速差异显著。分析认为,测站环境、海拔的不同以及小气候的影响,是造成以上要素差异的主要原因。     

地理信息云平台数据库架构探讨

本文从“一张图”概念入手,分析了地理信息云平台的作用和主要特点及分类,说明了地理信息云平台数据库内容、数据更新机制和方法,从数据应用角度讨论了地理信息云平台数据展示研究的必要性,并全面分析了地理信息云平台数据库体系架构和各类云平台之间的相互关系,探讨了地理信息云平台数据体系。     

基于集成学习的高光谱遥感影像分类综述

高光谱遥感影像光谱维度高、数据量大且波段间冗余信息量大,利用集成学习算法可有效地提升高光谱遥感影像的识别精度。本文首先概述了高光谱遥感影像的分类任务和目前存在的问题,其次介绍了集成学习分类算法的原理,系统性阐述了高光谱遥感影像分类中动态集成和静态集成算法的研究现状,并提出了有待进一步研究的问题。     

1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征(英文)

Agro-meteorological disasters(AMD) have become more frequent with climate warming. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major meteorological disasters on wheat production were firstly explored by analyzing the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations(AMS) of China from 1991 to 2009. Furthermore, impact of climate change on AMD was discussed by comparing the warmer decade(2000–2009) with another decade(1991–2000). It was found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, with a highest proportion of 79%. And the frequency of AMD increased significantly with climate change. Specifically, the main disasters occurred more frequently in the reproductive period than in the vegetative period. Besides, the spatial changes in the AMD frequency were characterized by region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas located on the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. All these results were strongly linked to climate change in China. Therefore, sound adaptation options should be taken based on the latest changes of AMD under global warming to reduce agricultural damages.     

准确把握工作定位开创国土资源工作新局面——2014年广西国土资源工作会议综述

2014年广西国土资源工作会议于2月17日以视频方式召开。此次视频会,主会场设在广西国土资源厅,广西地理信息测绘局及各市、县（区、市）国土资源局设分会场。广西国土资源厅领导肖建刚、梁兵、唐善茂、谢瑾瑜、田凤鸣、陈仲怀、张创智、祝林林、吴锡熹、李清洋、李水明、周兆东、唐解凤等出席会议。     

安徽独山富硒区土壤硒元素迁移转化规律及开发研究

选取广德独山地区作为研究对象,利用安徽省富硒土壤分级标准,相对系统地研究独山地区农业可耕地土壤及其植物中的硒含量。研究表明:土壤中硒含量与有效硒、镉、铬、氮、钼、有机质等具有显著的正相关关系,土壤中磷、锰、pH值等含量或指标越高,硒的生物有效性越低。这些为独山地区富硒产品开发的定位提供了一定的理论依据,并对当地的富硒产品的开发提出了一系列的可行性建议。     

高分辨率遥感影像滤波算法综述

高分辨率卫星影像空间分辨率高,地物结构纹理信息突出,常用于土地利用监测、自然灾害预报等领域,但其所含的背景噪声影响了影像识别和分析的有效性和可靠性,因此,选取合适的滤波方法消除各种噪声成为遥感影像处理的首要任务。在遥感技术发展的几十年中,研究者们针对各种噪声类型已发展了多种滤波方法。本文分析了高分辨率遥感影像噪声的特点,介绍了一些传统的滤波算法和近年来广泛应用的新型滤波方法,并深入探讨各种滤波器的性能及其优缺点,为今后选择合适的算法消除高分辨率遥感影像噪声提供参考,最后对遥感影像滤波方法的发展前景进行了展望。