南海蒸发和净淡水通量的季节和年际变化

以19年（1988～2006年）的SSM/I（Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager）卫星观测为基础,计算了南海的逐月海面蒸发量,并结合SSM/I的降雨观测,得到了南海的逐月净淡水通量,并分析其季节和年际变化.研究结果表明：南海的蒸发量年变化基本呈双峰型结构,降雨和净淡水通量呈单峰型结构.1988～2001年,南海的蒸发量呈上升趋势,增长速率为1 mm/yr;2001～2006年,以1.9 mm/yr的速率减少.南海的降雨量和净淡水通量与Nino3指数成负相关,相关系数为-0.62和-0.58.在1997～1998厄尔尼诺暖事件期间,降雨量和净淡水通量均显著下降,且以其为界,降雨量在此之前以1.3 mm/yr的速率增长,净淡水通量升降趋势不明显;而在此之后,降雨以8.5 mm/yr的速率下降,净淡水通量的下降速率为7.5 mm/yr.     

基于高频地波雷达观测的粤西近海潮流潮能分析

利用粤西海域高频地波雷达观测得到的表层海流资料进行潮流调和分析。结果表明: 粤西近海主要属于不正规半日分潮, 浅水分潮较强。以M₂分潮为例, 潮流运动形式主要为逆时针的往复流为主, 方向沿西北—东南方向。粤西近海的潮能主要由东部陆架输送进来, 潮能自东向西传播, 在大潮期间, 粤西的潮能出现向岸方向分量, 表现为从东南向西北方向传播, 在近岸区域潮能通量传播的方向会发生一个向岸的偏转。通过潮能收支方程计算潮能耗散, 发现粤西近海潮能耗散的高值区在西部岛屿密集区域, 与琼州海峡的存在和琼州海峡东北处地形变化存在明显的相关关系。     

多孔方形鱼礁对水动力环境影响的试验研究

借助声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)测量了水槽中的中空有盖、无盖多孔方形人工鱼礁模型在0(°)及45(°)迎流方向时尾流场的流速分布与素动强度分布,并对鱼礁周边冲刷后的地形进行了精细测量,由试验资料分析可知:无盖鱼礁0(°)布置时,阻流垂向范围沿程增大,局部冲刷宽度、深度最小,且其对水流的阻减强度呈下强上弱的垂线分布,沿程阻...     

2007-2008年冬季珠江三角洲强咸潮事件

根据2007-2008年冬季大、小潮时对珠江河口的走航和定点同步观测资料,分析了虎门水道、横门水道和磨刀门水道的盐度、流场特征以及各口门咸水入侵的程度,探讨了影响各口门与水道咸潮的因素.分析结果显示,该季度咸潮入侵现象严重,对珠海、广州等地的供水造成影响;咸潮的入侵受潮汐、径流和风的共同作用,各因素对各个口门的影响程度不同;磨刀门的咸潮活动有较独特的规律和动力机制.     

2010~2011年吕宋海峡西侧潜标观测的初步分析

2010年在吕宋海峡西侧约3300m深处的观测潜标得到了上层海洋9个多月的高频率的流场和温盐数据,用调和分析和功率谱分析等方法对观测结果进行分析,发现测点春季的O1潮较强,而冬季K1潮较强,夏季内潮较弱,但整体都为不规则日潮。台风"南玛都"经过后测点200~270m次表层出现明显近惯性振荡,其沿顺时针旋转,能量下传。测量期间共有105个孤立内波经过测点,测点处冬季的孤立内波数量并不少于春夏季。两个相邻孤立内波间的时间间隔约为24.6~24.7小时,并不存在a型波和b型波的区别。     

夏季降雨过程对南海上层盐度的可能影响

根据对1998年南海中部、北部航次的海水盐度观测资料以及GPCP-1DD(Global Precipitation Climatology Project,1 Degree Daily Precipitation Estimate)降雨资料,研究了夏季风期间降雨过程对南海上层盐度的可能影响。个例和合成分析表明,当有降雨过程发生时,降雨对南海上层盐度的影响深度为85—110m,上层盐度恢复所需要的时间为14—42d左右。此外还利用NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料的逐月风场资料以及基于法国AVISO(Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data)提供的融合海平面高度异常资料计算的地转流场分析平流效应对其可能产生的影响。     

Comparison of remote sensing data with in-situ wind observation during the development of the South China Sea monsoon

Wind measurements derived from QuikSCAT data were compared with those measured by anemometer on Yongxing Island in the South China Sea (SCS) for the period from April 2008 to November 2009. The comparison confirms that QuikSCAT estimates of wind speed and direction are generally accurate, except for the extremes of high wind speeds (>13.8m/s) and very low wind speeds (<1.5m/s) where direction is poorly predicted. In-situ observations show that the summer monsoon in the northern SCS starts between May 6 and June 1. From March 13, 2010 to August 31, 2010, comparisons of sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall from AMSR-E with data from a buoy located at Xisha Islands, as well as wind measurements derived from ASCAT and observations from an automatic weather station show that QuikSCAT, ASCAT and AMSR-E data are good enough for research. It is feasible to optimize the usage of remote-sensing data if validated with in-situ measurements. Remarkable changes were observed in wind, barometric pressure, humidity, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), air temperature, rainfall and SST during the monsoon onset. The eastward shift of western Pacific subtropical high and the southward movement of continental cold front preceded the monsoon onset in SCS. The starting dates of SCS summer monsoon indicated that the southwest monsoon starts in the Indochinese Peninsula and forms an eastward zonal belt, and then the belt bifurcates in the SCS, with one part moving northeastward into the tropical western North Pacific, and another southward into western Kalimantan. This largely determined the pattern of the SCS summer monsoon. Wavelet analysis of zonal wind and OLR at Xisha showed that intra-seasonal variability played an important role in the summer. This work improves the accuracy of the amplitude of intra-seasonal and synoptic variation obtained from remote-sensed data.     

Freshening of the intermediate water of the South China Sea between the 1960s and the 1980s

Variation in intermediate water salinity in the South China Sea (SCS) between the 1960s and 1980s was studied using historical hydrographic data. The results demonstrate that the water was significantly fresher in the 1980s than in the 1960s, indicating that vertical mixing at intermediate water depth was reduced in the 1980s. This was partially because of the change of the SCS meridional overturning circulation (MOC) connecting local intermediate water with deep water. Data assimilation showed a 0.5Sv (1 Sv=10 6m 3/s) reduction in the strength of the MOC, which is about one third of the mean SCS MOC. Because the SCS MOC is linked to the Pacific Ocean, such an interdecadal variation in the intermediate water SCS may reflect anthropogenic climate change in the world ocean.     

基于遥感数据对比南海和阿拉伯海夏季叶绿素a浓度

The South China Sea(SCS) and the Arabian Sea(AS) are both located roughly in the north tropical zone with a range of similar latitude(0°–24°N). Monsoon winds play similar roles in the upper oceanic circulations of the both seas. But the distinct patterns of chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration are observed between the SCS and the AS.The Chl a concentration in the SCS is generally lower than that in the AS in summer(June–August); the summer Chl a concentration in the AS shows stronger interannual variation, compared with that in the SCS; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)-derived data present higher atmospheric aerosol deposition and stronger wind speed in the AS. And it has also been found that good correlations exist between the index of the dust precipitation indicated by aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and the Chl a concentration, or between wind and Chl a concentration. These imply that the wind and the dust precipitation bring more nutrients into the AS from the sky, the sub-layer or coast regions, inducing higher Chl a concentration. The results indicate that the wind velocity and the dust precipitation can play important roles in the Chl a concentration for the AS and the SCS in summer. However aerosol impact is weak on the biological productivity in the west SCS and wind-induced upwelling is the main source.     

基于南海北部开放航次观测的2004—2005年次表层盐度异常特征与形成机制

基于2004—2013年的南海北部开放航次数据和1980—2010年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation（SODA）数据，发现南海北部次表层水体盐度在2004—2005年间盐度显著增大，相比于气候态均值分别增加了0.1和0.14，而且温盐特征曲线显示盐度增大的现象主要发生在150m以浅。2004年净淡水通量仅略低于气候态均值，2005年净淡水通量则明显高于气候态均值，因此净淡水通量不会是导致此高盐事件的有利因素。我们进一步通过块体简化盐度收支方程，定量评估盐度收支方程里中平流输运项（包括跨海盆经吕宋海峡的平流输运项和南海海盆内部南北海盆之间的平流输运项）的贡献。发现在2004年，通过吕宋海峡进入南海北部的盐含量输运显著大于气候态均值，是导致南海北部上层水体盐度迅速增大的主要原因。为探究2005年南海北部盐度持续增强的原因，我们进一步比较2004年和2005年的平流项演变，发现相对于2004年，虽然2005年吕宋海峡盐含量输运略低于气候态均值，但南海内部南海南北海盆间（通过18°N断面进入南海北部）的盐含量输运增强，即在2005年，海盆内部经向平流盐输运的贡献是促使南海北部上层盐度继续增强的关键因素。