楚科奇和西伯利亚陆架颗粒有机物的来源：碳、氮同位素的线索

The stable isotopic composition(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N) of particulate organic matter(POM) in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September, 2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM. The δ~(13)C_(POC) values were in the range of -29.5‰ to-17.5‰ with an average of -25.9‰±2.0‰, and the δ~(15)N_(PN) values ranged from 3.9‰ to 13.1‰ with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰. The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf, while the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values were just the opposite. Abnormally low C/N ratios(4), low δ~(13)C_(POC)(almost-28‰) and high δ~(15)N_(PN)(10‰) values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya, which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton. The contributions of terrestrial POM, bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model. The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward, indicating the influence of Russian rivers. The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward, suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf. The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery. A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed, indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM, the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves.     

浙江省水热型地热资源特征及赋存规律

浙江省水热型地热资源较为丰富,但地质条件复杂,勘查风险较高。本文基于前期的地热工作成果,对省内已有地热资源的热储岩性、主要控矿构造、主要指示性指标和地热水地球化学特征进行分析总结,将浙江地热资源归纳为三大类九亚类,得出北西向和北东向断裂是水热型地热资源赋存的主要部位,尤其是活动性断裂、高氟区断裂和强地震区断裂,具有较佳的成矿条件。浙江地热水的补给来源为古大气降水,温度、化学组分等与赋存环境密切相关,水温与储层埋藏深度一般呈正相关,但隆起区地热赋存裂隙往往与浅地表冷水裂隙贯通,缺少天然的隔水屏障,冷水混入比例较高,呈现古大气降水与现代大气降水双重补给的特征。     

冰岛地热资源的开发利用

地球内部蕴藏着难以想象的巨大的地热能量,地热资源由于储量巨大,相对于石油、煤炭等能源,对环境的负面影响小,因此被世界各国公认为可再生清洁能源,并逐渐成为重点研究开发的新能源。地热资源虽然蕴藏丰富,但在世界各地的分布不均匀,有些国家地热资源特别丰富,全球富地热资源的国家应首届冰岛。     

中国磁性构造学的进展（下）

四、河北省迁安矿区柳河峪断裂的磁组构研究迁安矿区位于河北省迁安县的西部。其范围北起水厂,南至佛峪院;西以震旦系盖层为界,东到滦河。南北长27公里。东西宽8—13公里,面积约为300平方公里。矿区处于华北地台北缘,燕山沉降带的迁安隆起西部边缘的褶皱带中。区内广泛出露太古界变质岩系和震旦系长石石英砂岩。此外还有少量侏罗系和老第三系地层。矿区断裂构造类型及先后期次较多,对矿体的影响也较大。从变形机制上看,有韧性断裂和脆性断裂两种。从改造关系来划分可分成愈合型断裂和复合型断裂两种。其形成年代为前中元古和后中元古两种:前者一般为韧性断裂和愈合型断裂,后者一般为脆性断裂和复合型断裂。     

月壤双轴试验的剪切带离散元数值分析

土体的破坏问题一般都是从其剪切带入手进行研究的。针对真实月壤所处的环境（无水、低重力场、低气压等）和内摩擦角较大的特点,采用最近提出的1种考虑粒间抗转动作用与粒间范德华力2个因素的月壤散粒体力学接触模型,用离散单元法模拟了柔性边界条件下月球环境（含范德华力）与地球环境（不含范德华力）2种试样的双轴压缩试验,通过试样局部变形、速度场、孔隙比及转动场的变化情况研究了2种试样剪切带形成与发展。研究结果表明,剪切带的形成是试样内部应变局部化的结果,同时也伴随着试样内部颗粒相对转动的局部化,月面环境对试样的破坏形式与性状（剪切带的倾角及厚度）有显著的影响,探月工程中必须考虑到月面环境对月壤力学性质的影响。     

南水北调渠坡膨胀土胀缩特性及变形模型研究

南水北调工程膨胀土渠坡变形受大气降雨、蒸发等干湿循环作用较为显著,揭示渠顶膨胀土在干湿循环作用下的胀缩变形和垂直位移变形特征,可为渠坡的稳定性评价与处治方案提供依据。利用膨胀土室内胀缩特性试验结果,结合垂直位移量、含水率、降雨量、蒸发量和气温监测等现场观测数据,分析渠顶位移量和影响因子间关联度,建立了干湿循环作用下渠顶膨胀土的竖向变形模型。研究结果表明,以含水率、降雨量、蒸发量等构成的胀缩因子与渠顶垂直位移呈负相关关系,胀缩因子引起垂直位移分量较小;温度因子与渠顶垂直位移呈正相关关系,对渠顶垂直变形有较大影响,是影响渠顶变形的主要因素;渠坡开挖（时效因子）在施工初期对渠顶垂直变形有一定的影响,开挖完成后对渠顶垂直变形影响甚微。     

2008年夏季加拿大海盆永久冰区的淡水累积现象

A combination of δ~(18)O and salinity data was employed to explore the freshwater balance in the Canada Basin in summer 2008.The Arctic river water and Pacific river water were quantitatively distinguished by using different saline end-members.The fractions of total river water,including the Arctic and Pacific river water,were high in the upper 50 m and decreased with depth as well as increasing latitude.In contrast,the fraction of Pacific river water increased gradually with depth but decreased toward north.The inventory of total river water in the Canada Basin was higher than other arctic seas,indicating that Canada Basin was a main storage region for river water in the Arctic Ocean.The fraction of Arctic river water was higher than Pacific river water in the upper 50 m while the opposite was true below 50 m.As a result,the inventories of Pacific river water were higher than those of Arctic river water,demonstrating that the Pacific inflow through the Bering Strait is the main source of freshwater in the Canada Basin.Both the river water and sea-ice melted water in the permanent ice zone were more abundant than those in the region with sea-ice just melted.The fractions of total river water,Arctic river water,Pacific river water increased northward to the north of 82°N,indicating an additional source of river water in the permanent ice zone of the northern Canada Basin.A possible reason for the extra river water in the permanent ice zone is the lateral advection of shelf waters by the Trans-Polar Drift.The penetration depth of sea-ice melted waters was less than 30 m in the southern Canada Basin,while it extended to 125 m in the northern Canada Basin.The inventory of seaice melted water suggested that sea-ice melted waters were also accumulated in the permanent ice zone,attributing to the trap of earlier melted waters in the permanent ice zone via the Beaufort Gyre.     

劳动保护工作的现代发展趋势

介绍俄罗斯联邦在劳动保护方面的这一立法,指出劳动保护工作在组织方面不足。介绍欧洲联盟国家召开的国劳保大会以及欧洲议会专门委员会制定的１９９６￣２０００年作业工地工作安全、卫生和健康保护规划。介绍了俄罗斯地矿系统劳动保护工作现状,提出了改善劳保工作的措施和科技规划的主要方向。     

Ka波段云雷达非云回波质量控制及效果评估

针对Ka波段毫米波云雷达观测中出现的非云回波,提出改进的质量控制方法,并利用2018年9月—2020年8月福建平和观测资料,定量评估质量控制效果及其对云-降水探测的影响。结果表明:提出的改进方法能较好改善雷达探测结果,可有效滤除非云回波。非云回波对3 km高度以下的弱云探测有重要影响,且非云回波的探测率与雷达灵敏度密切相关,整体随高度上升而下降;同时非云回波存在明显的日变化特征,午后—前半夜因湍流活动较强,非云回波的探测率也较高;后半夜—日出前因湍流活动减弱,非云回波的探测率逐渐下降。     

铁盐改性高岭土吸附结晶紫的研究

研究了高岭土的改性方法及最佳改性土对染料结晶紫的吸附性能,选择焙烧温度200℃,硫酸铁含量为2%,焙烧时间2 h,探讨了振荡时间、吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,在30℃下改性高岭土对结晶紫吸附平衡时间为60 min,对150 mg/L结晶紫饱和吸附容量为17.32 mg/g;改性高岭土对结晶紫的吸附等温线与Langmuir型拟合较好,吸附动力学模式符合伪二级动力学方程。