一种改进的RSSI室内加权质心定位算法

针对现有基于信号强度的质心算法定位精度不能满足特定场景下对高精度室内定位需求的问题,该文提出了一种改进的接收信号强度(RSSI)室内加权质心定位算法。该算法通过RSSI测距得出4个已知锚节点到待测点的距离,以相应的锚节点为圆心画圆弧,得到由4段圆弧相交的四边形,其任取3个顶点可以组成一个三角形,然后以距离平方倒数之和作为权值计算4个三角形质心坐标,再以4个三角形质心坐标作为初始值以信号强度之和作为权值求解待测点坐标。实验结果表明:该算法最大误差值为1.02m,最小误差值为0.21m,平均误差值为0.68m;该算法室内定位精度比基于RSSI的质心算法最大提高24cm,最小提高12cm,平均提高了18cm;比加权质心算法最大提高10cm,最小提高3cm,平均提高了8cm。     

城市碳足迹与碳循环压力分析——以南京市为例（英文）

Urban carbon footprint reflects the impact and pressure of human activities on urban environment.Based on city level,this paper estimated carbon emissions and carbon footprint of Nanjing city,analyzed urban carbon footprint intensity and carbon cycle pressure and discussed the influencing factors of carbon footprint through LMDI decomposition model.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The total carbon emissions of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000,in which the carbon emission from the use of fossil energy was the largest.Meanwhile,carbon sinks of Nanjing presented a declining trend since 2000,which caused the decrease of carbon compensation rate and the increase of urban carbon cycle pressure.(2) The total carbon footprint of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000,and the carbon deficit was more than ten times of total land areas of Nanjing in 2009,which means Nanjing confronted high carbon cycle pressure.(3) Generally,carbon footprint intensity of Nanjing was on decrease and the carbon footprint productivity was on increase.This indicated that energy utilization rate and carbon efficiency of Nanjing was improved since 2000,and the policy for energy conservation and emission reduction taken by Nanjing's government received better effects.(4) Economic development,population and industrial structure are promoting factors for the increase of carbon footprint of Nanjing,while the industrial carbon footprint intensity was inhibitory factor.(5) Several countermeasures should be taken to decrease urban carbon footprint and alleviate carbon cycle pressure,such as:improvement of the energy efficiency,industrial structure reconstruction,afforestation and environmental protection and land use control.Generally,transition to low-carbon economy is essential for Chinese cities to realize sustainable development in the future.     

2008年华南前汛期致洪暴雨特征及其对比分析

着重对2008年华南前汛期持续性致洪暴雨的降水特征及成因进行了天气尺度的研究,并且对比分析了其与20世纪90年代以来华南前汛期洪灾较为严重的几年(1994、1998和2005年)的降水和环流场特征异同,主要得到以下结果:(1)根据影响系统和雨区分布的不同,将2008年华南前汛期降水过程分为4个阶段.第1阶段(5月26-...     

复杂断层构造电磁波衰减系数层析成像模拟研究

传统矿井电磁波透视层析成像技术只考虑电磁波的传播距离而忽视传播的方向性,造成探测复杂构造时的层析成像分辨率较低。依据电磁波在煤岩介质中的传播规律推导出了与入射角有关的新振幅衰减常数。引用新振幅衰减常数并基于代数重建算法建立了层析成像数学模型,编制了程序软件。利用新振幅衰减常数层析成像算法分别对平行和交叉断层进行数值模拟。通过与传统衰减常数层析成像的效果进行对比,结果表明:改进后的新振幅衰减常数层析成像效果更好,对断层的位置、走向、延展长度等情况反映清晰准确;在介质背景衰减场不易确定的情况下,绝对衰减层析成像方式优于相对衰减层析成像方式;平行关系的断层构造分辨率要高于交叉关系的断层构造。通过在某采煤工作面的电磁波层析成像中成功圈定了一组隐伏的平行断层构造实例,说明采用新衰减常数的层析成像技术效果提高明显。     

浅谈VirtuoZo AAT空三加密成果导入Geolord-AT的方法

每个加密软件都有各自的优缺点,在实际作业中,可结合软件各自的优点来完成区域网的加密工作。根据加密工作经验,介绍空三加密软件VirtuoZo AAT与Geolord-AT的优缺点,以及VirtuoZo AAT空三成果导入Geolord-AT的作业方法。     

黄河入海泥沙悬移输送机制的控制试验(英文)

Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant-Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.     

具有压敏特征的稠油油藏水平井产能分析

依据幂律流体在压敏油藏中的稳定渗流理论以及水平井远井和近井区域渗流场的描述,推导考虑幂律性特征的稠油在压敏油藏中3种流态并存的水平井产量计算公式.依据区域边界流量和压力相等的原则给出方程解法,最终可求得水平井的产量.通过计算结果与油田实际资料的对比,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.对幂律指数、介质变形系数、启动压力梯度与水平井产量关系分析结果表明,稠油油藏水平井的产量与启动压力梯度和介质变形系数呈线性反比关系,随着幂律指数的降低,水平井产量快速下降.     

中尺度多模式超级集合预报对2010年6月19—20日中国南方大暴雨过程的分析

运用BGM扰动方案,基于ARPS和WRF模式并采用不同的物理过程参数化方案建立了一个多模式、多初值、多物理过程的中尺度超级集合预报系统,并针对2010年6月19—20日的一次华南强降水过程进行分析。结果表明:该超级集合预报系统能很好模拟这次对初值及物理过程都非常敏感的强降水过程。相对于单一确定性预报而言,该超级集合预报能显著提高预报时效,能比控制预报提前24～36小时捕捉到强降水信息。并且该集合预报优于单一模式或者单一物理过程参数化的集合预报。对本次过程而言,集合平均对物理过程参数化方面带来的不确定性的改进比对模式不确定性方面的改进大得多。对于暴雨预报而言,低层的形势场对初值及物理过程的扰动比高层要敏感得多,这也是造成这次过程各个成员预报好坏的重要原因之一。      

精细数值预报在60周年国庆天气服务中的应用

在60周年国庆天气服务中,使用ARPS实时分析预报系统,将地面观测、探空、自动站、雷达基数据和风云2卫星TBB等多种观测资料同化,使用较多的观测数据调整模式初始场,对天安门地区未来3天的天气逐日进行精细化数值预报。对ARPS系统的降水落区和量级预报能力及单点降水预报准确率检验结果表明:对于秋季低槽东移造成的华北地区的大范围降水,ARPS系统有较好的预报能力,12-36 h预报的1 mm降水落区与实况十分吻合,降水量预报通常略大于实况;对单点的1 h的累积降水预报,预报降水的开始时间较实际降水时间提前1-3 h,1h累积降水随时间增大或减小的变化趋势预报比较准确。综合看来,使用ARPS实时分析预报系统进行精细化天气预报是可行的,数值预报的结果对于精细化天气预报决策具有较好的参考价值。     

推进数值天气预报的一个新努力

本文通过引进熵产生的正定项的办法把热力学第二定律渗透到数值天气预报模式的试验之中.试验结果令人鼓舞.