海洋沉积物标准物质应用功能探析

海洋沉积物标准物质是标准的重要组成部分，在海洋科学研究中起着重要作用。本文根据海洋沉积物标准物质研制的具体实际及海洋沉积物标准物质的特殊情况，从海洋沉积物标准物质的基本功能出发，提出了海洋沉积物标准物质的另外4种扩展功能，即：对历史资料的同化开发功能、背景值功能、沉积物标本功能、对外交流功能，从而使沉积物标准物质在科研中发挥更大的作用。最后介绍了在东海海洋沉积物标准物质研制过程中所采用的一些措施及该标准物质的一些基本情况。     

地中海东部陆架上重矿物的来源：来自尼罗河还是北部？

地中海东部陆架上重矿物的来源：来自尼罗河还是北部？Ｅ．Ａｚｍｏｎ，Ａ．Ｇｏｌｉｋ在对分布在地中海东部海岸的以色列陆架上的重矿物进行的众多综合研究工作中，Ｐｏｍｅｒａｎ－Ｃｅｂｌｕｍ（１９６６）计算了该区底部沉积物的重矿物组合，这些重矿物组合以角闪石、...     

黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征

黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征,分别反映了碱性、弱酸性,酸性的物源环境及比较温凉干旱、温暖湿润和炎热多雨的气候特点。 从黄河沉积物的特征矿物是方解石、珠江沉积物的特征矿物是β石英可看出轻矿物在确定沉积物的物源方面也具有重要意义。     

浅谈延安地区的冰雹天气预报

冰雹天气是一种尺度很小、生命史很短的突发性强对流天气.预报的难度较大,用产生冰雹天气的天气学有关理论知识,结合雷雨顺《能量天气学》中的"冰雹等强对流天气是发生在极地气团的变性气团中,低层能级一般大多是在48℃——60℃"的观点,做为预报冰雹天气的思路.通过实际摸索,总结、归纳出下述三种预报我区冰雹天气的经验方法:     

基于层次分析法的地质灾害易发性评价应用——以日照市为例

以基础地质数据为数据源,充分研究日照市地质灾害孕灾环境,采用层次分析法,分析选取地貌、构造、地层、岩浆岩、降水量和人类工程活动强度6种评价因子,建立层次结构模型,计算各个影响因子的权重,对各个因子进行分析并进行归一化处理,将各个评价因子与其权重进行加权叠加计算,最终得出日照市地质灾害易发性分区结果,划分出低、中和高易发区3类分区并完成精度检验。日照市地质灾害重点分布于沂沭断裂带的昌邑-大店断裂、安丘-莒县断裂通过的区域和低山、丘陵地貌区以及矿产资源开采引发的采空塌陷等地,此类区域需重点防治。采用层次分析法将地质灾害危险性评价过程层次化、定量化,从一个新的角度对日照市地质灾害危险性进行定量化评价和分区,分区结果较客观地反映实际情况。     

基于Argo的热带印度洋上层海温研究

利用2004年1月—2008年8月的月平均Argo再处理资料和NCEP风场资料,对热带印度洋2.5~500 m深度范围内的海温时空变化特征与机制进行了研究。结果表明:表层的阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和赤道东印度洋是海温高值中心,同时是海温标准差低值中心,海温高的地方海温变化小,两者的分布型一致。在次表层,西南热带印度洋是海温高值区,赤道东西印度洋是海温低值区,次表层的海温变化最大,尤其在10°S~10°N之间的赤道印度洋。热带印度洋不同区域和深度的海温的显著周期不同,主要有1和0.5 a的显著周期。热带印度洋表层海温年周期变化主要受太阳辐射的影响,而0.5 a周期与季风有关。次表层以下海温变化主要是热带印度洋自身内部的动力作用,其1 a周期除了与太阳辐射和风有关,还与Rossby波和沿岸Kelvin波有关;其0.5 a周期除了季风这个主要因素,还与Wyrtki急流有关。海表面风场和LaNi~na是影响2006和2007年的正偶极子强度不同的重要因素。     

东太平洋海隆近赤道区玄武岩岩石地球化学与地幔源区特征

本文对东太平洋海隆赤道地区北部和南部的9件玄武岩样品进行了详细的岩相学和主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析研究,结果表明:MgO含量为7.32%~10.22%,Na_2O为3.03%~3.59%,K_2O为0.23%~0.57%,CaO为10.96%~12.39%,Al_2O_3为11.40%~13.76%,该区玄武岩均属于亚碱性玄武岩,具有MORB型的稀土及微量元素特点,原始岩浆均经历了橄榄石和斜长石的分离结晶。轻重稀土元素含量均较低,LREE/HREE比值为0.61~0.97,(La/Yb)N比值为0.72~1.76,(La/Sm)N比值为0.60~1.30,(Gd/Yb)N为0.99~1.16。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征更接近NMORB,其中,87Sr/86Sr和143 Nd/144 Nd比值更接近DM源区,而Pb的三种同位素比值要明显高于DM源区,更为接近EM源区。研究表明岩浆起源于尖晶石橄榄岩区,来源于较为亏损的地幔,NEPR玄武岩可能混有HIMU源区,SEPR玄武岩除了混合有HIMU成分外,可能还有少量的EMⅡ成分。     

Carbon biomass,production rates and export flux of copepods fecal pellets in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary

Copepod fecal pellets are ubiquitous throughout the oceans. Their production and export can represent a highly efficient pathway of carbon export. However, the role these fecal pellets play in carbon export in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary is not well known. Two cruises were carried out in the Changjiang estuary in the spring and summer of 2013, during which time carbon biomass, production, and export of copepod fecal pellets were studied. Spring and summer fecal pellet carbon biomass ranged 0.30–1.01 mg C/m~3(mean=0.56±0.20 mg C/m~3) and 0.31–1.18 mg C/m~3(mean=0.64±0.24 mg C/m~3), respectively, significantly lower than phytoplankton. At most stations, fecal pellet carbon biomass was higher in surface or subsurface layers than deeper layers. Production rates ranged 0.65–1.49 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=1.02±0.27 pellets/(ind.?h)) in spring and 0.62–1.34 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=0.98±0.22 pellets/(ind.?h)) in summer, within the range reported in previous studies. Higher production rates of fecal pellets occurred at stations with higher chlorophyll a concentrations, and production rates of copepods of size 500–1 000 μm greater than copepods 1 000 μm during both cruises. The potential export flux of fecal pellets was slightly higher in summer(mean=68.95±14.37 mg C/(m~2 ?d)) than spring(mean=52.08±11.33 mg C/(m~2 ?d)) owing to higher summer copepod abundances. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in the Changjiang estuary, and it confirms the significant role of copepod fecal pellets in local carbon export.     

海水驯化对虹鳟鳃、肌肉和肝脏磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

海水养殖的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)品质优于淡水养殖,但在海水驯化过程中会造成虹鳟死亡。为探究虹鳟在海水驯化过程的适应机制,本实验测定了海水驯化前后虹鳟鳃、肌肉和肝脏中磷脂脂肪酸的组成。研究显示,3种组织器官共检测出15~20种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(Saturated fatty acids;SFA)中所占比例最高的是棕榈酸(Palmitic acid,16:0),单不饱和脂肪酸(Monounsaturated fatty acids;MUFA)中所占比例最高的是油酸(Oleic acid,18:1n9),多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated fatty acids;PUFA)中所占比例最高的是DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n3)。海水驯化可显著影响膜磷脂的不饱和指数(Unsaturated index;UI)、不饱和率(Unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio;U/S)、平均脂肪酸长度(Average number of C-atoms of the unsaturated fatty acid;LENGTH),且膜磷脂脂肪酸组成的变化存在显著的组织特异性。结果显示,海水驯化后,肌肉和鳃膜磷脂中SFA的比例显著上升,这使生物膜黏稠性(刚性)和抗氧化性提高,为了维持体内渗透压平衡,排泄多余离子,鳃中磷脂需要富集更多PUFA,尤其是与Na+/K+-ATP酶活性相关的花生四烯酸(20:4n6;ARA)和DHA(22:6n3)。与肌肉和鳃不同,肝脏膜磷脂中PUFA和MUFA均显著增加,使得膜流动性提高,代谢效率提高。     

Seasonal phenology of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans(Macartney) in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea,China

Seasonal variations in numerical abundance, cell diameter and population carbon biomass of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans were studied for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea, China, and their ecological functions were evaluated. In both areas, N. scintillans occurred throughout the year and demonstrated an essentially similar seasonality; the cell abundance increased rapidly from the winter minimum to an annual peak in late spring and early summer, and decreased gradually toward the autumn-winter minimum. The peak abundance differed by years, and there was no consistent trend in long-term numerical variations. The cell diameter also showed a seasonal fluctuation, being larger in spring and early summer than the other seasons. Estimated carbon biomass of N. scintillans population reached to a peak as high as 90.3 mg C/m~3, and occasionally exceed over phytoplankton and copepod biomass. Our results demonstrate that N. scintillans in northwestern Yellow Sea displays the seasonal phenology almost identical to the populations in other temperate regions, and play important trophic roles as a heterotroph to interact with sympatric phytoplankton and copepods.