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Ivanov V. A. Lyubartseva S. P. Mikhailova É. N. Shapiro N. B. Shteinman B. S. 《Physical Oceanography》2002,12(1):43-53
Within the framework of a one-dimensional model taking into account the presence of an upper mixed layer, we compute the seasonal variation of temperature and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the central part of Lake Kinneret. The temperature conditions of the lake are determined by heat exchange with the atmosphere, and the oxygen conditions depend on gas exchange with the atmosphere and oxygen consumption in sediments as well as on internal sources and sinks. The latter are connected with oxygen supply in the course of photosynthesis and its consumption for the oxidation of labile organic substance in the water thickness. In the period of winter convection from December to February, when the upper mixed layer reaches the bottom, complete aeration of water takes place. The presence of thermal stratification of the lake in the remaining time results in oxygen deficiency under the thermocline. 相似文献
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This article documents how Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Adjusted Daily Rainfall and Snowfall (AdjDlyRS) dataset was developed. The adjustments include (i) conversion of ruler measurements of snowfall to its water equivalent using a previously developed snow water equivalent (SWE) ratio map for Canada; (ii) corrections for gauge-related issues including undercatch and evaporation caused by wind effects and gauge-specific wetting loss, as well as for trace precipitation amounts, using previously developed procedures for Canada. Various data flags (e.g., accumulation flags) were also treated. This dataset contains all Canadian stations reporting daily rainfall and snowfall for which we have metadata to implement the adjustments. The length of the data record varies from one station to another, starting as early as 1840. The results show that the original unadjusted total precipitation data in Environment and Climate Change Canada’s digital archive underestimate the total precipitation in northeastern Canada by more than 25% and by about 10–15% in most of southern Canada. Such large underestimates make the original data unsuitable for water availability and/or balance studies or for numerical model validation, among many other applications. The use of the assumed 10:1 SWE ratio for the archived total precipitation data is the primary cause of the underestimate, which is most severe in northeastern Canada. The trace correction adds 5–20% to precipitation values in northern Canada but less than 5% in southern Canada. The gauge-related corrections do not show an organized spatial pattern but add 5–10% to the precipitation at 312 stations. Long runs (≥3 months) of miscoded missing values were also identified and corrected.
The latest version of the AdjDlyRS dataset is available from the Canadian Open Data Portal; currently it is version 2016, which contains 3346 stations and covers the period from station inception to February 2016. This dataset is suitable for producing gridded precipitation datasets, as well as other applications. 相似文献
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National Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics Institute, Mexico, Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 501–515, October–December, 1993. 相似文献
59.
Cross correlations between observed and synthetic spectra are used to discover yet another satellite of BM Ori with the following
characteristics: effective temperature Teff = 4000 K, radius R = 16R⊙, mass M = 1.8M⊙, spectral type K7 III, absolute bolometric stellar magnitude Mb = + 4m·0, axial rotation velocity V sini = 85 km/s, and relative luminosity 0.005 near the V band.
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Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 111–120 (February 2006). 相似文献
60.
The aim of the present work is to reconstruct the space and time variability of the three-dimensional fields of currents,
temperature, salinity, and density in the Sevastopol Bay under the influence of the actual external factors in 1999. For this
purpose, we use a version of the numerical multilayer model on the σ-coordinates. A vast array of the data of observations
accumulated as a result of regular monitoring of the Sevastopol Bay contains, in particular, the data on the sea-surface temperature
measured with six-hour intervals (at the hydrometeorological station located near the center of the bay) and almost monthly
vertical profiles of temperature and salinity obtained at seven hydrological stations. The comparison of the numerical results
with the data of observations enables us to conclude that, in general, the model fairly correctly describes the space structure
and rearrangements of the fields of temperature and salinity. Among the most important distinctions, we can mention the fact
that the fresh river water penetrating into the bay is mixed with seawater faster than predicted by the model. We also discuss
the causes of these distinctions.
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, pp. 23–39, September–October, 2008. 相似文献