孟州市府大楼整体搬迁岩土工程实录

孟州市政府办公大楼整体搬迁的场地工程地质勘察，分部进行，即划分成搬迁路径和永久性地基两个单元。既做独立分析，又进行整体评价；既提供搬迁所需岩土工程指标，又为施工提出一些切合实际的建议。准确可靠的工程地质勘察资料，促成了大楼的整体迁移和永久定位。     

MULTI-SCALE DECOMPOSITION OF BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN NORTH CHINA

1　IntroductionThecrustalstructureofNorthChinahasbeenstudiedalotwithgravitymethod[1 ,2 ] .Theresultsareundoubtedlyofgreatsignificancetoabetterun derstandingofthecrustalstructureofthisregion .Butsofar,neithervertical/lateraldistributionscalesnorcharacteristicsofanomalousdensitybodiesofrockmediaintheregionhavebeenrevealedsystem aticallyintermsofrockdensity .Assurfacegravityanomalyreflectstheoveralleffectofgravityanoma liesofsubsurfaceanomalousgeologicalbodiesatdif ferentdepths,ondifferentscales…     

《中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划》青藏高原观测研究概况

详细介绍了自１９９３年开始以来《中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划》在青藏高原上观测研究的一些基本情况。包括三个部分：观测仪器的特点、观测环境的气候特征和观测项目（要素）；观测资料的特点；部分观测资料的初步分析结果介绍     

Seismogenic environment and mechanism of the Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake in Yunnan,China

The Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake occurred on May 21, 2021 in western Yunnan, China, where moderate earthquakes strike frequently. It exhibited a typical “foreshock-mainshock-aftershock” sequence and did not occur on a pre-existing active fault. The seismogenic environment and mechanism of this earthquake have aroused considerable research attention. In this study, we obtain the three-dimensional v_P, v_S and v_P/v_S images using the v_P/v_S consistency-constrained double-difference tomography method, which improves the accuracy of v_P/v_S models. We focus on characteristics of v_P/v_S images in areas with a lateral resolution of 0.1°, and reveal the seismogenic environment of the Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Low velocity and high-v_P/v_S anomalies are revealed at different depths around the northern segment of the Red River fault. v_S and v_P/v_S images along the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault and the buried faults on its west show obviously segmented feature. (2) The source region of the Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake is located in a low-v_P/v_S zone implying high medium strength. High-v_P/v_S anomalies in its NW direction indicate cracks development and the existence of fluids or partial melts, which are unfavorable for stress accumulation and triggering large earthquakes. Such conditions have also prevented the earthquake sequence from extending northwestward. (3) With the southeastward extrusion of materials from the Tibetan Plateau, fluid migration was blocked by the low-v_P/v_S body in the source region. The high-v_P/v_S anomaly beneath the source region may implies that the fluids or partial melts in the middle and lower crust gradually weakened medium strength at the bottom of the seismogenic layer, and preparing the largest foreshock in the transition zone of high to low v_P/v_S. Meanwhile, tectonic stress incessantly accumulated in the brittle upper crust, eventually led to the M_S6.4 earthquake occurrence.     

中国边缘海海洋沉积生态环境反演中的生物标志物

中国边缘海是海—陆—气圈进行物质和能量交换最活跃的海域之一,重建中国边缘海海洋生态环境演变对深入探析人类活动和气候变化的耦合作用意义重大,海洋沉积物生物标志物为定性/定量揭示海洋生态环境演变提供有效手段,可为预测人类活动影响下的海洋生态环境演变趋势提供科学支撑。本文总结归纳目前海洋沉积物中常用的古菌、细菌和真核来源生物标志物在海陆来源、化学结构、分布规律与功能等方面的特征,分析了不同生物标志物类型在重建海洋温度、酸碱度、氧化还原环境和浮游植物演变过程中的应用状况,剖析了多参数生物标志物在重建中国边缘海生态环境演变中存在的问题。总体而言,利用生物标志物重建中国边缘海生态环境演变的研究大多还停留在定性描述水平;由于对生物标志物母源生物及其适应机制认识不足会导致对生物标志物指标的解译存在偏差,进而影响海洋环境重建结果的准确性;此外,多种重要海洋环境演变参数并未建立起有效的生物标志物指标。未来的海洋生态环境重建研究应从结合新技术新方法厘清生物来源,整合大数据分析方法构建有更精确对应关系的校正公式以实现定量反演和准确预测,同时结合功能微生物群落筛选出更具独特性的新型生物标志物等方面开展研究。     

A large-scale obliquely inclined bedding rockslide triggered by heavy rainstorm on the 8th of July 2020 in Shiban Village,Guizhou, China

A large-scale obliquely inclined bedding rockslide, activated by a heavy rainstorm, occurred on July 8, 2020, at 7:05 (UTC?+?8) in Shiban Village, Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, China. The loss of life in this event was greatly reduced owing to the local warning system for rainstorm-induced geohazards. To understand the failure characteristics, triggering factors, the genetic mechanism of the landslide, the geomorphological features, geological characteristics, hydrological conditions, and rainfall characteristics were systematically studied by a synthetic approach including field investigations, satellite imagery, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography, laboratory tests, and rainfall data statistics. The results indicated that the interface between the soft and hard rock, the well-developed joints, and the free face in front of the slope constituted the boundaries of this landslide. The concave topography at the back and southern edge of the landslide, the bare ground, and the cataclastic structure of the rock mass provided favorable conditions for the collection or infiltration of rainwater. The concentrated rainstorm was the direct trigger for the landslide, which led to a rapid inflow and retention of rainfall in the landslide through favorable landform and geological conditions. The groundwater recharge that cannot be drained in time caused the mechanical deterioration of rock mass and induced a rapid increase in pore water pressure in the landslide. Moreover, the water level of the Ganlong River at the toe of the slope also rose rapidly, and the uplift pressure in front of the slope increased accordingly. Under the combined action of these adverse factors, the overall anti-sliding force of the slope was less than the sliding force, finally resulting in the landslide. Remarkably, the local warning system for rainstorm-induced geohazards successfully forecasted the landslide, but the shortcoming is that the forecast time in advance is short. Nevertheless, the prediction has significantly reduced human casualties and provided valuable experience for the prediction of this type of landslide.

     

黄陇煤田转角勘查区煤的微观孔隙结构特征及其影响因素

煤的微观孔隙结构特征是煤储层特征的重要研究内容之一。选取黄陇侏罗纪煤田转角勘查区4个典型低阶煤样品为研究对象,以煤质特征研究为基础,进行压汞和液氮吸附实验,获取了不同测试方法的煤孔隙结构参数。根据两种测试方法的优缺点在孔径50nm处采用曲线拼接法进行联合,分析了全孔径段的比表面积和孔隙体积分布。结果显示:煤的比表面积主要分布在微孔、小孔和中孔三个区间,呈现“三峰”特征,表现为微孔>小孔>中孔>大孔的分布特征;孔隙体积主要分布在微孔、小孔和大孔。灰分含量和阶段孔径比表面积和孔隙体积具有较好的相关关系,但相关性强弱不同,总体显示和微孔、小孔及中孔呈正相关关系,而与大孔孔隙呈负相关关系,灰分含量与微孔、小孔的影响最大。显微组分中的镜质组和壳质组含量与大孔比表面积和孔隙体积呈正相关关系,与微孔、小孔呈负相关关系;惰质组含量与大孔孔隙比表面积和孔隙体积呈负相关关系,和微孔、小孔呈正相关关系。     

Stochastic modeling for time series InSAR: with emphasis on atmospheric effects

Despite the many applications of time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (TS-InSAR) techniques in geophysical problems, error analysis and assessment have been largely overlooked. Tropospheric propagation error is still the dominant error source of InSAR observations. However, the spatiotemporal variation of atmospheric effects is seldom considered in the present standard TS-InSAR techniques, such as persistent scatterer interferometry and small baseline subset interferometry. The failure to consider the stochastic properties of atmospheric effects not only affects the accuracy of the estimators, but also makes it difficult to assess the uncertainty of the final geophysical results. To address this issue, this paper proposes a network-based variance–covariance estimation method to model the spatiotemporal variation of tropospheric signals, and to estimate the temporal variance–covariance matrix of TS-InSAR observations. The constructed stochastic model is then incorporated into the TS-InSAR estimators both for parameters (e.g., deformation velocity, topography residual) estimation and uncertainty assessment. It is an incremental and positive improvement to the traditional weighted least squares methods to solve the multitemporal InSAR time series. The performance of the proposed method is validated by using both simulated and real datasets.     

一种地质生态环境评估系统

针对传统评估系统没有统一定量标准,受主观认识影响较大的问题,该文以川西藏区五县为研究区,筛选地形地貌、植被盖度、水土流失、土地覆被、地质灾害、地球化学数据、矿产开采等13种主控因素,借助ArcGIS空间分析和Matlab数学建模功能,构建基于GIS的GA-BP模型(即遗传算法优化BP神经网络),对研究区地质生态环境进行非线性定量评价;采用混合编程实现超大浮点栅格矩阵在不同软件平台间相互传递处理,完成GA-BP评估系统设计;通过回判检验与AHP法结果进行对比分析,凸显GA-BP模型的优越性,为研究矿产开发下非线性的地质生态环境问题提供一种较新颖的、行之有效的方法。     

Petrogenesis of Jurassic granitoids in the west central Lhasa subterrane,Tibet, China: the Geji example

The Jurassic magmatic and volcanic rocks are widespread along the west central Lhasa subterrane. However, the petrogenesis of these rocks is poorly understood because of lacking high-quality geochronology and geochemical data. Here, we present new zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotopic data, whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for the Songduole and Qiangnong plutons in Geji area. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon yield crystallization ages of 172.1 ± 1.9 and 155.9 ± 1.2 Ma for the Songduole and Qiangnong plutons, respectively. Geochemically, Songduole and Qiangnong granodiorite are characterized by high MgO (2.63–3.49 wt%), high Mg# (49–50), and low TiO₂ (0.48–0.57 wt%). Besides, all rocks show metaluminous, calc-alkaline signatures, with strong depletion of Nb, Ta, and Ti, enrichment of large-ion lithophile (e.g. Rb, Th, K), and a negative correlation between SiO₂ and P₂O₅. All these features are indicative of arc-related I-type magmatism. Five samples from the Songduole granodiorite have whole rock (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i of 0.71207–0.71257, ε_Nd(t) values of ?15.1 to ?13.9, zircon ε_Hf(t) values of ?17.4 to ?10.5, (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 18.402–18.854, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 15.660–15.736, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 38.436–39.208. Samples from the Qiangnong granodiorite have (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i of 0.71230–0.71252, ε_Nd(t) values of ?15.1 to ?14.2, zircon ε_Hf(t) values of ?12.6 to ?6.4, (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 18.688–18.766, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 15.696–15.717, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 38.546–39.083. These geochemical signatures indicate that the two plutons most likely originated from partial melting of the ancient Lhasa lower crust with obvious inputs of mantle-derived melts. Combined with regional geology, our results indicate that the Jurassic magmatism in the west central Lhasa subterrane most likely resulted from the southward subduction of the Bangong Ocean lithosphere beneath the central Lhasa terrane.