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粤西沿海一次赤潮事件的三维观测

From November 24 to 26, 2014, a red tide event occurred in the offshore water off the Hailing Island located at the western Guangdong coast. The red tide appeared as pink strips distributed within 3 km in the offshore water and extended for about 10 km along the shoreline. During the flood tide, the pink seawater rushed to the beach with breaking waves, forming foam strips on the beach. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction Technologies, Guangdong Ocean University, emergently responded to the event and organized three-dimensional observations from the air, onboard and on beach. The preliminary analyses of the cruise data and water samples indicate that the event was induced by nontoxic Noctiluca scintillans, of which the concentration reaches as high as 4 200 cells/L near the surface and 2 600 cells/L at the bottom.     

“陆态网络”Ⅱ期西部绝对重力测定结果分析

介绍了2013~2014中国大陆构造环境监测网络的基本情况及西部地区绝对重力观测的情况,并对观测结果进行分析。结果表明,成果稳定性良好,89.5%的成果观测精度优于±5.00μGal,能够满足"陆态网络"的技术要求。     

深度学习支持下的丘陵山区耕地高分辨率遥感信息分区分层提取方法

耕地是丘陵山区稀缺的土地资源,具有地形条件复杂、种植结构多样的特点,导致了山地耕地信息难以快速、准确获取,并且基于传统的遥感数据及遥感监测方法开展山区耕地信息快速自动提取比较困难。针对这一问题,本文以西南山区贵州省息烽县作为试验区,根据地理空间异质性特征,提出分区控制、分层提取的耕地形态信息提取思路,构建了一种地貌单元约束条件下的分区分层耕地形态信息的提取方法。该方法首先根据地貌-植被特征将试验区划分为平坝区、山坡区、林草区3类地理分区;然后在每类分区基础上,根据耕地所呈现的视觉特征划分为不同的类型,对不同类型的耕地分别设计不同的深度学习模型进行分层提取。试验结果证明,该方法对山区复杂地形背景噪声具有较好的抑制作用,所提取的耕地地块信息相比于传统方法更符合实际耕地的实际分布形态,有效地减少了漏提率和错提率。     

高分二号卫星遥感影像在地形图修测中的应用

1:10000地形图作为基础测绘的重要组成部分,在国民经济发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用.如何高效、高质量地完成地形图修测工作,一直受到测绘工作者们高度重视.利用传统测绘技术进行地形图修测工作,往往费时费力,成本较高;效率较高的无人机航测技术也有它自身的局限性.近年来,国家一直致力于推广应用高分二号卫星,因此本文研究探讨了将高分二号卫星影像应用于1:10000地形图修测工作的可行性,并得出了比较可靠的结论.     

吉南地区万隆组燧石相微生物化石及其古环境意义

拉伸纪作为承接中元古代蓝菌时代以及成冰纪生物锐减的关键地质历史时期,是探索早期生命与环境演化最重要的时期之一。吉林南部地区地处华北板块东北缘,拉伸系发育完整、出露全,在燧石条带、燧石结核和泥页岩中富含微生物化石,是开展拉伸纪古生物学、生物地层学和古环境研究的理想地区。本次工作利用岩石切片法在吉林南部二道江地区万隆组顶部燧石中发现微生物化石6属9种,其中丝状蓝菌1属4种Siphonophycus robustum,S.typicum,S.kestron,S.solidum;球状蓝菌3属3种Eoentophysalis belcherensis,Gloeodiniopsis lamellosa,Scissilisphaera bistratosa;分类位置未定2属2种Glenobotrydion majorinum,Globophycus rugosum。这些微体化石的发现为开展万隆组古环境分析及生物地层对比研究提供了新的素材。研究显示,万隆组燧石相微生物组合以发育管鞘藻席(Siphonophycus mat)为主要特征,丝状蓝菌呈横向展布,长可达400μm以上,显示原地或近原地埋藏的特点...     

基于ForcTT模型的牡丹始花期预测

选取山东菏泽市1981—2010年的牡丹始花期资料和气象资料,应用气候倾向率和Mann Kendall突变法等统计分析法探讨了牡丹始花期与气象条件的关系,利用ForcTT模型模拟了牡丹的始花期。结果表明：①随着气候变暖,菏泽牡丹始花期以4.4 d/10a的趋势逐年提前,并在1996年发生了一次突变。1981—1996年牡丹始花期主要集中在4月下旬,处于偏晚时期,1997—2010年始花期主要集中在4月中旬,有所提前。②牡丹花期发生的早晚主要受牡丹开花前1个月（3月）平均气温的影响,而且牡丹始花期和3月份平均气温的突变节点一致,其次是2月平均气温的影响,3月仅日照时数对牡丹花期有一定的影响,降水对牡丹花期无明显影响。③采用ForcTT模型预测牡丹的开花期时,最佳的开始日期为2月1日,最佳的基础温度为1 ℃时,平均误差为1.29天,最小偏差为1.73天,而当开始日期为2月1日,基础温度为3 ℃时的平均偏差和最小偏差均在2天之内,也再次验证了2月和3月的气温对牡丹始花期的影响较大。     

A brief introduction to BNU-HESM1.0 and its earth surface temperature simulations

Integrated assessment models and coupled earth system models both have their limitations in understanding the interactions between human activity and the physical earth system. In this paper,a new human–earth system model,BNUHESM1.0,constructed by combining the economic and climate damage components of the Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate Change and Economy to the BNU-ESM model,is introduced. The ability of BNU-HESM1.0 in simulating the global CO2 concentration and surface temperature is also evaluated. We find that,compared to observation,BNU-HESM1.0underestimates the global CO2 concentration and its rising trend during 1965–2005,due to the uncertainty in the economic components. However,the surface temperature simulated by BNU-HESM1.0 is much closer to observation,resulting from the overestimates of surface temperature by the original BNU-ESM model. The uncertainty of BNU-ESM falls within the range of present earth system uncertainty,so it is the economic and climate damage component of BNU-HESM1.0 that needs to be improved through further study. However,the main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach to investigate the complex relationship between human activity and the earth system. It is hoped that it will inspire further ideas that prove valuable in guiding human activities appropriate for a sustainable future climate.     

安徽省冬小麦水分盈亏特征及其对产量的影响

利用安徽省1971—2010年的气象资料和冬小麦产量资料,采用水分盈亏指数分析了安徽省冬小麦全生育期和关键期（孕穗至乳熟期）水分盈亏的时空变化特征,以及旱涝对产量的影响。结果表明：冬小麦全生育期和关键期水分盈亏指数基本呈纬向分布,合肥以北水分亏缺明显,江淮南部及其以南地区水分供应基本充足,越往南水分盈余程度越大,总体来看缺水程度关键期大于全生育期;近40年冬小麦水分盈亏指数的时间变化趋势不明显,但年际波动大,旱涝灾害风险增加。干旱主要发生在沿淮淮北地区,涝渍在江淮及其以南地区发生频率较高,典型旱涝年平均减产率分别为4.2%和12.4%;造成冬小麦减产10%的中度旱灾风险北部大于南部,中度涝灾风险南部大于北部。南部涝渍风险和造成的产量损失明显大于北部的干旱,水分偏多的南部地区要尽量减少冬小麦的种植。     

Analytical investigations of quasi-circular frozen orbits in the Martian gravity field

Frozen orbits are always important foci of orbit design because of their valuable characteristics that their eccentricity and argument of pericentre remain constant on average. This study investigates quasi-circular frozen orbits and examines their basic nature analytically using two different methods. First, an analytical method based on Lagrangian formulations is applied to obtain constraint conditions for Martian frozen orbits. Second, Lie transforms are employed to locate these orbits accurately, and draw the contours of the Hamiltonian to show evolutions of the equilibria. Both methods are verified by numerical integrations in an 80 × 80 Mars gravity field. The simulations demonstrate that these two analytical methods can provide accurate enough results. By comparison, the two methods are found well consistent with each other, and both discover four families of Martian frozen orbits: three families with small eccentricities and one family near the critical inclination. The results also show some valuable conclusions: for the majority of Martian frozen orbits, argument of pericentre is kept at 270° because J ₃ has the same sign as J ₂; while for a minority of ones with low altitude and low inclination, argument of pericentre can be kept at 90° because of the effect of the higher degree odd zonals; for the critical inclination cases, argument of pericentre can also be kept at 90°. It is worthwhile to note that there exist some special frozen orbits with extremely small eccentricity, which could provide much convenience for reconnaissance. Finally, the stability of Martian frozen orbits is estimated based on the trace of the monodromy matrix. The analytical investigations can provide good initial conditions for numerical correction methods in the more complex models.