卡罗琳M4平顶海山区地貌特征与地质过程研究

卡罗琳M4平顶海山位于卡罗琳海脊与马里亚纳海沟交界处,对其地貌与地质过程的研究有利于深入理解地球动力及环境背景与该地区海山演化的关系。基于“科学”号实测的全覆盖多波束水深数据与“发现”号遥控无人潜水器(remote operated vehicle, ROV)多次下潜获取的近海底影像资料,描述了卡罗琳M4平顶海山及附近区域的地形地貌特征,并对影响海山演化的主要地质过程进行了分析。线性喷发中心等火山地貌指示了研究区内沿线性喷口的裂隙式喷发活动。“C”字型的弯曲形态与陡崖说明山顶平台边缘经历过多次崩塌与破坏,滑坡痕与沉积块体/碎屑组成了块体搬运体系,并在中下段斜坡转变为浊流形成冲沟与水道。M4海山顶部还发育有较为完整的残留环礁地貌,其被淹没的机制可能是由于上升流输入的丰富营养物质影响了底栖环境的光照,从而抑制了珊瑚生长。     

黑龙江省一次强降水的动力强迫作用分析

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、FY 4卫星云图、新一代天气雷达、ECMWF细网格、GRAPES_MESO及NECP的1°×1°再分析资料，分析2019年8月6日08:00至8日08:00，黑龙江省中部和西南部的强降水过程动力机制，以及引发的降水性质和降水分布特征。结果表明：①强降水过程共分3个阶段2种性质：与冷涡相连的鞍形场的对流云降水；鞍形场和增强暖锋共同作用的混合云和对流云降水；台风“范斯高”残涡作用下，改变云系移动路径形成的对流云降水。②冷涡、副热带高压、台风的相互作用，是该过程产生的根本原因；副热带高压和台风外围暖湿气流配合冷涡冷空气，为强降水提供水汽和不稳定条件；狭窄的水汽输送通道造成了强降水的空间不连续性；低层辐合线为强降水提供触发条件；鞍形场的稳定结构、大小兴安岭南麓强迫抬升、台风系统阻挡延长强降水的持续时间。     

Stiffness Degradation of Undisturbed Saturated Soft Clay in Yangtze Estuary under Complex Stress Conditions

Stiffness degradation will occur due to the generation of accumulated pore pressure in saturated soft clays under cyclic loading. The soil static-dynamic multi-purpose triaxial and torsional shear apparatus in Dalian University of Technology was employed to perform different types of test on saturated soft marine clay in the Yangtze estuary. Undisturbed samples of the clay were subjected to undrained cyclic vertical and torsional coupling shear and cyclic torsional shear after three-directional anisotorpic consolidation with different initial consolidation parameters. Investigated were the effects of the initial orientation angle of the major principal stress, initial ratio of deviatoric stress, initial coefficient of intermediate principal stress and continuous rotation of principal stress axes on the stiffness degradation. It is found that the degradation index decreases (or degradation degree increases) significantly with increasing initial orientation angle of the major principal stress and initial ratio of deviatoric stress. Compared to the effects of the initial orientation angle of the major principal stress and initial ratio of deviatoric stress, the effect of initial coefficient of intermediate principal stress is less evident and this trend is more clearly reflected by the results of the cyclic torsional shear tests than those of the cyclic coupling shear tests. At the same cycle number, the degradation index obtained from the cyclic torsional shear test is higher than that from the cyclic coupling shear test. The main reason is that the continuous rotation in principal stress directions during cyclic coupling shear damages the original structure of the soil more than the cyclic torsional shear does. Based on a series of experiments, a mathematical model for stiffness degradation is proposed and the relevant parameters are determined.     

机载GPS反射信号土壤湿度测量技术

随着全球导航定位系统反射信号(GNSS-R)技术的发展, 近年来提出了利用GPS地表反射信号遥感土壤湿度的新方法, 该方法利用地表反射率与土壤介电常数以及介电常数与土壤湿度之间的关系来建立反演模型。为了可以快速方便的利用DMR实测数据反演得到土壤湿度, 本文根据Wang和Schmugge模型建立了土壤介电常数与湿度之间的分段模型, 实现了从原始反射数据到土壤湿度结果的整个反演流程。为了验证反演的可行性, 利用NASA等机构联合进行的SMEX02试验机载数据反演得到的结果表明, GPS反射信号能够有效地反演     

单向荷载作用下海上风机多桶基础承载特性数值分析

作为一种新型的深水海上基础型式,桶形基础在海上风机设施设计与建设中逐步得到了发展和应用。以三桶基础为例,采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS对海上风机多桶基础的承载特性进行了三维有限元数值分析。根据海上风机的荷载受力特点,分别探讨了三桶基础在竖向荷载、水平荷载和力矩作用下的极限承载力,得出荷载作用方向及桶间距对极限承载力的影响程度,研究成果为复合加载模式下海上风机多桶基础的承载特性分析奠定了基础。