对我国卫星测地事业近期发展的若干建议

本文立足于我国目前卫星测地事业的实际，对近期发展提出建议，内容包括：研制和引进轨道改进软件，对ＧＰＳ结果施加对流层天顶方向改正数；建立多种模式作业结合的ＧＰＳ控制网；研究ＧＰＳ和常规地面测量技术的最佳结合方式，倡导多种形式，多种目标的会战和联测；公布已测ＧＰＳ工程项目信息；扩大施测成果的应用范围，拟订国家统一的ＧＰＳ接收机检验标准，建立规范的检验设施和场地，扩大ＧＰＳ技术在测地学中的应用领域，支持     

折射率差改正的推导和应用：用于光电和红外EDM观测的改正公式

电磁波测距仪测得距离值是对一特定大气条件而言的，它可能和野外条件不同，因此，测得的距离必须施加观测时大气条件与参考条件不一致的改正。根据从紫外线到近红外辐射的色散理论公式表示的科学研究结果，推导了折射率差改的原始公式。本文按年代先后阐述了适合测量员和工程师使用折射改正公式的推导和应用。     

氟对人造花岗岩熔体密度的影响

本研究报道的Ｆ对密度的影响，对Ｆ２Ｏ－１在明显加速重力驱动富Ｆ岩浆体系中的晶体－熔体分异过程中对花岗质熔体粘度降低的影响是一个补充。     

蒙特卡洛方法及其在测绘科学中的应用

任何使用统计抽样检验技术来求解数学和物理问题的概率近似值的方法，称为蒙特卡洛法（Monte Carlo method）。有的文献把这类方法叫做统计试验法或随机模拟法；而测绘科     

Plume and lithologic profiling with surface resistivity and seismic tomography

Improved surface-based geophysical technologies that are commercially available provide a new level of detail that can be used to guide ground water remediation. Surface-based multielectrode resistivity methods and tomographic seismic refraction techniques were used to image to a depth of approximately 30 m below the surface at the Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research Field Research Center. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the research center on the DOE Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to conduct in situ field-scale studies on bioremediation of metals and radionuclides. Bioremediation studies are being conducted on the saprolite, shale bedrock, and ground water at the site that have been contaminated with nitrate, uranium, technetium, tetrachloroethylene, and other contaminants (U.S. DOE 1997). Geophysical methods were effective in imaging the high-ionic strength plume and in defining the transition zone between saprolite and bedrock zones that appears to have a significant influence on contaminant transport. The geophysical data were used to help select the location and depth of investigation for field research plots. Drilling, borehole geophysics, and ground water sampling were used to verify the surface geophysical studies.     

Zinc concentrations in marine macroalgae and a lichen from western Ireland in relation to phylogenetic grouping, habitat and morphology

Zinc concentrations in 19 species of marine macroalgae and a lichen from western Ireland (Spiddal, Co. Galway) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Algae were collected from a single site but occupied different shore levels and belonged to distinct phylogenetic groupings and to different (previously recognised) morphological groups. Concentrations ranged from 15-115 microg g(-1) dry weight. The greatest variation in concentration occurred amongst the red algal species, containing both maximum and minimum concentrations. Zn concentrations in brown and green algae were generally lower than those in red algae. When grouped according to thallus morphology, thin, branched sheets (which consisted mainly of red algae) contained the highest Zn concentrations. In filamentous algae, Zn levels were higher than in thick-leathery or coarsely branched algae. However, all green algal species examined had similar Zn concentrations, despite their different morphologies. In brown algae, the highest Zn levels were detected in mid-shore fucoids (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus), while thicker, subtidal and low-shore brown algae (Laminaria digitata, Halydris siliquosa) exhibited lower Zn concentrations. The lowest Zn concentrations were detected in high-intertidal species (Fucus spiralis, Pelvetia canaliculata), the only marine lichen examined (Ramalina siliquosa) and a red crustose alga (Corallina officinalis). In all morphological groups, red algal representatives contained relatively higher levels of Zn, the exception being Corallina officinalis. Zn levels in 4 species from a second, estuarine site in Galway Bay exhibited the same relative differences amongst species, but were all consistently higher than in algae from Spiddal. It is concluded that Zn accumulation in macroalgae is closely related to ecological growth strategies, following a functional-form model. However, the phylogenetic origin of species which determines carbohydrate and phenol composition, and responses to ambient environmental conditions ultimately determine, the availability of binding sites for polyvalent cations.