1992年加利福尼亚兰德斯前震序列和地震成核的应用

１９９２年６月２８日的加利福尼亚兰德斯地震（ＭＷ＝７．３）是在至少２８个地震组成的前震序列之后７小时发生的。在本研究中我们利用附近台站记录的波形互相关所得到的高精度定位检验了前震的时空发展过程。利用阵列波形而不是单独波形来得到每个地震的走时记录,我们能很大地改进计时精度和甚至对突然出现的地震也能出走时记录,我们利用改善了走时完成了联合重新定位并降低了相对定位误差,水平方向的误差小于１００ｍ,垂直方     

基于特征压缩激活Unet网络的建筑物提取

自动提取城市建筑物对城市规划、防灾避险等行业应用具有重要意义,当前利用高空间分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物提取的卷积神经网络在网络结构和损失函数上都存在提升的空间。本研究提出一种卷积神经网络SE-Unet,以U-Net网络结构为基础,在编码器内使用特征压缩激活模块增加网络特征学习能力,在解码器中复用编码器中相应尺度的特征实现空间信息的恢复;并使用dice和交叉熵函数复合的损失函数进行训练,减轻了建筑物提取任务中的样本不平衡问题。实验采用了Massachusetts建筑物数据集,和SegNet、LinkNet、U-Net等模型进行对比,实验中SE-Unet在准确度、召回率、F1分数和总体精度 4项精度指标中表现最优,分别达到0.8704、0.8496、0.8599、0.9472,在测试影像中对大小各异和形状不规则的建筑物具有更好的识别效果。     

Concentration rebound following in situ chemical oxidation in fractured clay

A two-dimensional, transient-flow, and transport numerical model was developed to simulate in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene by potassium permanganate in fractured clay. This computer model incorporates dense, nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution, reactive aquifer material, multispecies matrix diffusion, and kinetic formulations for the oxidation reactions. A sensitivity analysis for two types of parameters, hydrogeological and engineering, including matrix porosity, matrix organic carbon, fracture aperture, potassium permanganate dosage, and hydraulic gradient, was conducted. Remediation metrics investigated were the relative rebound concentrations arising from back diffusion and percent mass destroyed. No well-defined correlation was found between the magnitude of rebound concentrations during postremedy monitoring and the amount of contaminant mass destroyed during the application. Results indicate that all investigated parameters affect ISCO remediation in some form. Results indicate that when advective transport through the fracture is dominant relative to diffusive transport into the clay matrix (large System Peclet Number), permanganate is more likely to be flushed out of the system and treatment is not optimal. If the System Peclet Number is too small, indicating that diffusion into the matrix is dominant relative to advection through the fracture, permanganate does not traverse the entire fracture, leading to postremediation concentration rebound. Optimal application of ISCO requires balancing advective transport through the fracture with diffusive transport into the clay matrix.     

金平铜厂铜钼矿床赋矿岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及意义

金平铜厂铜钼矿床赋矿岩体位于哀牢山-金沙江新生代成矿带南端,红河走滑断裂西侧,赋矿岩体主要由二长花岗斑岩及二长花岗岩组成。岩体锆石阴极发光图(CL)环带构造发育,不同环带U-Pb年龄在误差范围内基本一致。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年结果表明赋矿岩体主要是35.1±0.3Ma形成的。含矿岩体形成与印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞产生的红河-哀牢山左行走滑断裂活动有关。     

Precambrian Dykes in the S?o Francisco Craton Revisited: Geochemical-isotopic Signatures and Tectonic Significance

正Several generations of mafic dyke swarms(2.7 to 0.8Ga),highlighted by aeromagnetic data,petrography,geochemistry,isotope geology and mostly U-Pb baddeleyite ages,crosscut the Archean and     

一次华南前汛期锋前暖区暴雨的分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析2008年5月4～5日一次华南前汛期锋前暖区暴雨过程的动力和热力特征,并利用WRF模式对本次过程进行数值模拟.结果表明:该次过程的冷空气较弱,冷锋在南岭山区附近遇到阻挡,有利于锋前暖区的水汽和不稳定能量积累;自地面锋区向暖区倾斜的抬升气流是该次暴雨过程的触发机制;WRF模式...     

The most temperature-adapted corals have an Achilles' Heel

The corals of the Persian/Arabian Gulf are better adapted to temperature fluctuations than elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. The Gulf is an extreme marine environment displaying the highest known summer water temperatures for any reef area. The small and shallow sea can be considered a good analogue to future conditions for the rest of the world’s oceans under global warming. The fact that corals can persist in such a demanding environment indicates that they have been able to acclimatize and selectively adapt to elevated temperature. The implication being that colonies elsewhere may be able to follow suit. This in turn provides hope that corals may, given sufficient time, similarly adapt to survive even in an impoverished form, under conditions of acidification-driven lowering of CaCO₃ saturation state, a further consequence of raised atmospheric CO₂. This paper demonstrates, however, that the uniquely adapted corals of the Gulf may, within the next three centuries, be threatened by a chronic habitat shortage brought about by the dissolution of the lithified seabed on which they rely for colonisation. This will occur due to modifications in the chemical composition of the Gulf waters due to climate change.     

贵州西部玄武岩风化壳中稀土矿成矿机理及成矿模式

峨眉山玄武岩在四川、云南、贵州分布区形成广泛而稳定的玄武岩风化壳.研究发现在贵州西部的玄武岩风化壳中普遍存在稀土矿(化)点,结合野外踏勘和地球化学找矿等方法,发现玄武岩风化壳中稀土元素富集受到内生条件和外生条件的双重控制.因此,在玄武岩风化壳中寻找稀土矿,要从地形地貌着手,重点在玄武岩出露地表的第四纪夷平面所形成的山岗...     

于都 赣县矿集区科学钻探NLSD 1孔超声波成像 测井响应特征及其深部找矿意义

NLSD-1孔是南岭地区第一口科学钻探孔,也是目前我国金属矿区最深的科学钻探工程之一,终孔深度达到2967.83m。为了精细刻画矿集区深部结构框架、揭示深部矿化带分布特征和建立深部找矿地球物理解释标尺,提高对深部成矿规律的认识,该孔在钻进过程中实施了连续取芯,并且进行了多种地球物理测井和井中物探方法的测量。超声波成像测井是一种先进的测井技术,包含丰富的原位地质特征信息,在油气勘探中常用于井旁地质构造和地应力分析。本文将超声波成像测井应用于金属矿区科学钻探中,对NLSD-1孔采集到的超声波成像测井资料进行了研究,认为成像测井图像能够精细刻画孔壁裂缝、破碎带等地质特征,同样适合于金属矿勘查中的井旁构造解释;主要矿化层(409~429m、430~446m、621~641m、655~666m、679~691m、696~706m、744~759m、776~788m、907~921m、1031~1042m、1081~1090m、1430~1439m、1440~1448m等)均发育裂缝或破碎带,表明测井结果对矿化层埋深具有指示作用,并且揭示钻孔附近矿化层具有西浅东深的空间展布特征;根据裂缝产状的垂向变化,推断F1断层过NLSD-1孔深度范围为1375.32~1380.79m;此外,裂缝与孔斜关系的研究对钻孔纠斜具有指导意义。研究结果表明超声波成像测井在深部找矿中能够发挥重要作用。