液核地球自转速率变化的带谐潮效应Ⅱ——数值计算与比较

地球自转速率的潮汐变化可由无量纲参数k／Cm)(k和Cm分别为壳幔的有效Love数和有效板转动惯量)来表征。对于一个具有弹性地幔、平衡海潮和核幔不耦合的地球k／Cm=0．944，且与潮波频率无关。海潮的非平衡扰动使k／Cm为复数，且与频率有关。大气对自转速率有效勒夫数的贡献约为△kat=0．0075。同时地幔滞弹性对勒夫数也产生扰动。利用本文得到的理论公式和最新的潮汐数据计算了地球自转速率的潮汐变化，及其有关地球物理机制的影响。     

煤矿沉陷区废弃地的再生利用之探索

土地是人类赖以生存的基础，是工业生产活动最基本的生产要素之一。十分珍惜、合理利用每一寸土地是我国的基本国策，也是人类应尽的义务，浪费每一寸土地都是在犯罪。当前，土地资源的开发、保护、管理已纳入各级政府的重要日程，对土地资源的合理利用已成为社会广泛关注的焦点。就煤炭工业城市而言，采煤后沉陷区内废弃和闲置的土地如何进行再生利用，如何变废为宝，造福子孙，成为我们不容忽视的重大课题。解决好这一难题，既是促进地方经济发展的迫切需要，又是建设资源节约和环境友好型社会的必然要求。     

Life's origin: the cosmic, planetary and biological processes

From elements formed in interstellar furnaces to humans peering back at the stars, the evolution of life has been a long, intricate and perhaps inevitable process. Life as we know it requires a planet orbiting a star at just the right distance so that water can exist in liquid form. It needs a rich supply of chemicals and energy sources. On Earth, the combination of chemistry and energy generated molecules that evolved ways of replicating themselves and of passing information from one generation to the next. Thus, the thread of life began. This chart traces the thread, maintained by DNA molecules for much of its history, as it weaves its way through the primitive oceans, gaining strength and diversity along the way. Organisms eventually moved onto the land, where advanced forms, including humans, ultimately arose. Finally, assisted by a technology of its own making, life has reached back out into space to understand its own origins, to expand into new realms, and to seek other living threads in the cosmos.     

Education as a determinant of fertility: a case study of Kullu Town

Using a sample of 885 females (1/2 of all married women of reproductive age), this study examines the role of education as a determinant of fertility among couples in Kullu town of Himachol Pradesh, India. Of the 885 respondents, only 149 were illiterate. The average family size was 2.88. Findings reveal that 1) the average family size was largest for illiterate respondents (3.57) and for illiterate males (3.76); 2) average family size declined consistently after the middle level of education to 1.29 for post graduate respondents and 2.33 for post graduate males; 3) a negative correlation exists between fertility and education of both husband and wife, with the wife's education having a stronger negative correlation with fertility; and 4) couples with an educational level of matriculation and above have a distinctly smaller family size than those less educated.     

岩体三维节点偶对分析及其应用

本文讨论了节点偶对分析的三维扩展。节点偶对分析是针对摩擦滑动节理单元的约束边界进行的序列矢量判定。在三维节理单元的分析中,几何约束和相应的力学判据极为复杂,采用节点偶对等效结合力方法才能迎刃而解。文中对三维转向节理模型的分析得到合理的结果,它表明本文所提出的方法可成功地应用于节理岩体的有限元分析。     

The possible formation of a hydrogen coma around comets at large heliocentric distances

An observational test--the detection of a hydrogen coma around comets at large heliocentric distances--is proposed for determining whether comets were formed by the agglomeration of unaltered, ice-coated, interstellar grains. Laboratory experiments showed that amorphous water ice traps H2, D2, and Ne below 20 K and does not release them completely until the ice is heated to 150 K. Gas/ice ratios as high as 0.63 are obtainable. Thus, if the ice-coated interstellar grains were not heated above approximately 110 K, prior to their agglomeration into cometary nuclei, the inward propagating heat waves should release from the comets a continuous flux of molecular hydrogen. This flux would exceed that of water molecules at approximately 3 AU preperihelion and approximately 4 AU postperihelion.     

辽河断陷大民屯凹陷静北潜山孢粉化石新发现

静北潜山的油气勘探始于上世纪70年代初,并将钻井揭示的未见化石的碳酸盐岩和石英砂岩沉积划归中元古界长城系,沿用至今.2002年在对该区的地层研究中,首次发现了晚古生代孢粉化石,从而证实静北潜山存在晚古生代地层.本文以孢粉化石为主要依据,对潜山地层进行了重新划分,并与邻区进行对比.在此基础上对本区的构造和沉积作一讨论.     

东营凹陷北部沙河街组四段深部储层多重成岩环境及演化模式

主要通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、包裹体分析、粘土矿物分析、镜质体反射率测试和岩心物性分析等手段,结合构造发育史和有机质热演化史等研究成果,以揭示东营凹陷北带古近系深部碎屑岩储层成岩环境及演化模式为目的展开研究工作。结果表明:东营凹陷北带古近系深部碎屑岩储层存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。酸性成岩环境以碳酸盐矿物溶解、长石溶解蚀变为高岭石并伴生石英次生加大等为标志,碱性成岩环境以石英质颗粒及其次生加大边溶解、长石次生加大和晚期碳酸盐矿物沉淀为标志。研究区古近系深部碎屑岩储层成岩环境由浅至深大致经历了碱性—酸性—酸性碱性交替(局部碱性较强)—碱性—弱碱性的演化过程,并建立了沙河街组四段的成岩演化和储层改造模式。     

树木年轮重建阿勒泰西部1481-2004年6-9月降水量序列

根据采自阿勒泰西部地区5个采点的树木年轮样本, 建立了该地区的树轮年表. 通过相关普查发现, 其差值年表序列与该地区当年6-9月的降水量存在明显的负相关关系, 且具有明确的树木生理学意义. 用沙勒哈(t, t 1)两个树轮差值年表序列可较好地重建该地区1481-2004年524 a来的当年6-9月的降水量, 且经过交叉检验表明重建方程稳定可靠. 分析发现, 阿勒泰西部地区524 a来的重建降水量序列具有9个偏干阶段和9个偏湿阶段, 并且具有34.8 a、 5.0～5.1 a、 4.3～4.4 a、 3.9～4.0 a、 3.7 a和3.4 a的显著干湿变化准周期. 重建降水量序列在1518年、 1548年、 1634年、 1765年、 1856年前后发生过突变.     

三峡库区头道河Ⅲ号滑坡综合治理施工技术

湖北省秭归县头道河Ⅲ号滑坡治理工程是三峡库区三期地质灾害防治应急项目.通过抗滑支挡、地表排水和监测等综合防治措施在该滑坡治理工程中的应用实例,介绍了该滑坡的地理环境及滑坡特征,抗滑桩和排水沟的施工工艺以及控制要点等,重点论述了如何准确的判识滑坡带以及常见质量通病的防治措施,为堆积体滑坡治理施工提供一定的参考.