A dipole wind curl pattern induced by Taiwan Island and its effect on upper stratification in the northeastern South China Sea

Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.     

第二次国际印度洋科学考察计划(IIOE-2)介绍

为纪念首次国际印度洋科学考察计划(International Indian Ocean Expedition,IIOE)成功实施50周年,进一步推动印度洋多学科交叉的新认识,政府间海洋学委员会(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,IOC)、国际海洋研究科学委员会(Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research,SCOR)和印度洋全球海洋观测系统计划(Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System,IOGOOS)在2015年联合启动了第二次国际印度洋科学考察计划(Second International Indian Ocean Expedition,IIOE-2,2015—2020年)。本文简要回顾了首次IIOE的发起、实施和主要成果,介绍了IIOE-2的主要内容和我国的优先参与方向,呼吁我国科学家将IIOE-2与我国"一带一路"倡议相结合,更加积极地参与IIOE-2国际合作,推动在印度洋环流与气候、海洋生态系统与可持续发展、地球生物化学循环、海底科学等领域取得新的科学进展。     

Mesoscale structure of the central South China Sea detected by SCSMEX Buoy and Argo float

We addressed the mesoscale structure variation of the central South China Sea (SCS) with the measurements by a long-lived Argo float and a high-resolution ATLAS buoy during 1998–2002. T-S diagram indicates cooling and freshening events in 2000 and 2001 with lower salinity (0.5–0.8) and lower temperature (1–1.7°C). Significant decrease in the net heat flux and increase in the precipitation suggest that the cooling and freshening is due to extra forcing by the atmosphere. Additional to large year-to-year changes, intraseasonal variability is moderate in the research area. The axis of the maximum intraseasonal temperature and salinity signals are mainly located on the thermocline. Typically, amplitude and period of intraseasonal temperature is about 2°C and 40–60 days, and that of salinity is 0.3–0.5 and 35–60 days. Rapidly-changing winds, heat flux, and precipitation are critical in controlling the intraseasonal fluctuations of the mixed layer of the area. Studies on heat and freshwater balance in the mixed-layer further suggest that horizontal advection plays an important role in intraseasonal fluctuation in the upper ocean. In addition, the energetic mesoscale propagation radiated from the east boundary is linked to the intraseasonal variability in winter.     

国家级海洋生态文明建设示范区建设水平评价

为进一步提高我国海洋生态文明建设水平,促进海洋经济社会可持续发展,文章构建评价指标体系,基于BP神经网络模型,评价我国国家级海洋生态文明建设示范区的建设水平。研究结果表明:根据海洋生态文明建设研究框架以及定性指标和定量指标相结合等4项原则,从海洋经济运行、海洋资源禀赋、海洋生态环境、海洋管理制度和海洋文化科技5个层面,选取人均GDP等32项指标,构建示范区建设水平评价指标体系;利用BP神经网络强大的非线性映射能力、容错能力和联想记忆能力,对示范区建设水平进行评价,经模拟运算和检验,评价结果具有准确性和客观性;根据最终评价值,我国示范区建设总体处于中等水平,各示范区建设水平存在差异,其中青岛市等4地为高水平示范区,烟台市等4地为较高水平示范区,惠州市等7地为中等水平示范区,东台市等4地为较低水平示范区,盘锦市等2地为低水平示范区;各示范区应进一步加强优势和弥补不足,充分发挥引领作用,提高我国海洋生态文明建设整体水平。     

2008年8—9月份吕宋海峡西南侧锚定ADCP的斜压海流观测

2008年8月份在吕宋海峡西侧大约4000m深的海域首次布放了两套深水潜标，对上层海洋进行了为期一个月的高频率ADCP海流采样。对数据进行了多重处理，分解得到平均流和逐层潮流，并分析了具有斜压性海流的频率分布。调和分析结果表明，该海域以不规则日周期潮流为主，潮流椭圆随深度旋转。海流的功率谱分析表明，内潮能量在温跃层附近最大，并随深度减小，同时海流有明显的近惯性振荡信号。该观测为了解吕宋海峡深层海洋的潮流、近惯性运动以及海峡水交换提供了第一手的资料。     

内蒙古自治区达尔罕茂明安联合旗黑沙庙钨多金属矿特征

矿(化)体主要赋存于奥陶系包尔汉图群哈拉组二段安山岩中。为在后期热液岩浆侵入形成的脉体及与围岩接触带上钨矿化强烈。主要矿化特征为局部强烈的孔雀石化、褐铁矿化、碳酸岩化及高岭土化、铅锌矿化,形成侵染状、细脉状及密集的星点状钨多金属矿分布于岩石中。结合化探资料,异常亦由钨多金属矿(化)体引起。     

2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件基本特征及生成和消亡机制

全球变暖背景下, 2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)事件倍受关注, 此次事件是中部型和东部型El Ni?o的混合。研究发现, 西风爆发和北太平洋经向模态对触发此次事件均有所贡献。通过对比2015/2016年、1997/1998年与中部型事件可知, 2015/2016年事件在暖背景中产生, 其发展形态与中部型事件较为相似, 后期海表面温度异常迅速衰退主要与赤道东太平洋海域持续的东风异常以及纬向平流较弱有关。较之1997/1998年事件, 2015/2016年事件的海洋动力调整较弱, 表现为较弱的温跃层反馈和海洋波动, 纬向平流反馈的贡献大于温跃层反馈, 大气强迫影响显著, 中部海域相关要素异常值较大。在2015/2016年事件期间, 赤道海域以及近赤道海域海洋上层热含量的变化基本呈负相关, 且变化较为同步; 衰退阶段热含量的流失主要集中在5°S—5°N海域, 向两极的热输送明显。     

基于固有振动频率的危岩安全监测试验研究

危岩体在经历地震和强降雨之后其抗滑力下降,从而导致重力作用失稳,是一种常见的破坏形式。危岩块体的失稳破坏取决于岩体结构面的状况,随着结构面的张开及黏结程度下降,危岩块体会发生失稳而崩塌,基于常规位移监测方法难以达到危岩块体监测预警的目的。而固有振动频率可以有效反映岩体的物理力学参数的变化,进而可以对其安全性做出预判。基于模型试验,在保持下滑力不变的情况下,通过固有振动频率来对滑坡内部的黏结力和摩擦力等力学指标进行分析。通过实际静摩擦力是否达到最大静摩擦力的方法来科学判识岩体的稳定情况。试验结果得出：计算的摩擦力可以有效分析岩体的安全性,并证明固有振动频率在降低至6 Hz以下,岩体开始趋于破坏。同时,得出由于摩擦力破坏后期占据抗滑力的比重逐渐升高,最高达到抗滑力的80%,从而造成破坏末期摩擦力不降反升的情况。基于固有振动频率的监测,可对岩体的损伤做出定量判断,也可评估岩体静摩擦力指标,从而实现扰动后岩体的安全评价。这种基于振动模态的岩体安全监测与损伤评价新的技术思路,将在实际工程中发挥重大作用。     

An interdecadal change of tropical cyclone activity in the South China Sea in the early 1990s

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the South China Sea (SCS) during 1979-2008 underwent a decadal variation around 1993. A total of 55 TCs formed in the SCS from May to September during 1994- 2008, about twice that during 1979-1993 (27). During the TC peak season (July-September, JAS), there were 43TCs from 1994-2008, but only 17 during 1979-1993. For July in particular, 13TCs formed from 1994-2008, but there were none during 1979-1993. The change in TC number is associated with changes of key environmental conditions in atmosphere and ocean. Compared to 1979-1993, the subtropical high was significantly weaker and was displaced more eastward during 1994-2008. In the former period, a stronger subtropical high induced downward flow, inhibiting TC formation. In the latter period, vertical wind shear and outgoing longwave radiation all weakened. Mid-level (850-500hPa) humidity, and relative vorticity were higher. Sea surface temperature and upper layer heat content were also higher in the area. All these factors favor TC genesis during the latter period. The decadal change of TC genesis led to more landfalling TCs in Southern China during the period 1994-2008, which contributed to an abrupt increase in regional rainfall.     

南海障碍层的季节变化及其与海面通量的关系

对气候平均态的温度和盐度分析证实,夏、秋季南海南部上层海洋存在障碍层现象.决定障碍层出现的关键因素是净淡水通量,而障碍层的深度和厚度分布则受风场的显著影响,障碍层受混合层和等温层发展的调制.夏季,南海南部上层海洋在东南向Ek-man水平输运以及东侧下降运动双重因素作用下,较淡的水体在南海东南侧堆积,混合层底部高温水脱离混合层保留在等温层中,造成障碍层在南海东南侧最为深厚,达到30 m.最厚障碍层出现的位置和最厚"南海暖水"出现的位置几乎重合,障碍层的"热障"作用促进了"南海暖水"的发展.