基于ExcelVBA的立式罐的变形数据处理软件开发

Excel是微软公司的办公软件Microsoft Office的组件之一,其内置的VBA宏语言能使用户根据自己的需要进行二次开发,本文主要利用VBA进行数据处理,得到所需的参数,同时结合实例分析了数据处理的方法,并验证了该方法的可靠性。     

辽宁北票煤田三宝深部煤层气资源特征

依据煤田勘探及煤矿井下生产资料分析,认为北票煤田三宝含煤地层具有煤层和分散有机质（干络根）两种生气母质。煤层裂隙、断层附近以及煤层顶板砂岩是煤层气（瓦斯）储存的有利空间。煤系上部巨厚的泥岩层是天然的盖层。该区为超级瓦斯矿井就是佐证。初步估算煤层气资源应该在３０～４０亿ｍ＾３,故该区煤层气具有开发利用的潜力。     

基于智能优化算法的小天体初轨确定

经典的初轨确定方法包括Laplace方法和Gauss方法以及它们的各种变化形式. 除这些经典方法之外, 基于当今光学观测数据的特点, 学者们也陆续提出了一些其他的初轨确定方法, 包括双r (目标距离观测者的距离)方法和可行域方法. 双r方法的一种实现方式是通过猜测某两个时刻(通常是定轨弧段的首、末时刻)目标离观测者的距离, 结合观测者在空间中的位置矢量, 即可求解相应的Lambert弧段作为目标轨道的初始猜测. 进一步, 以其他观测时刻的RMS (Root Mean Square)为优化变量可以改进初始猜测从而确定初轨. 可行域方法则是针对一组初始观测参数(包括赤经、赤纬及其变率), 根据一些初始假设将目标(离观测者的)距离及其变率约束在可行域内, 并通过三角划分逐步逼近的方式寻找到使观测RMS最小的猜测解. 针对一系列模拟观测数据以及实测数据, 将智能优化算法(粒子群算法)应用于这两种初轨方法, 并将结果与改进的Laplace算法的结果进行比较. 由于双r方法不仅可以用于短弧定轨还可用于长弧关联, 所以进一步给出了针对长弧段数据的关联结果.     

工业纯钛(TA2)在南海三亚海洋环境试验站海水全浸的生物污损与腐蚀

为探明工业纯钛TA_2在热带海域中的腐蚀与污损,在南海三亚海洋环境试验站进行了为期0.5年、1年、2年、3.5年四个周期的全浸试验。对3.5年周期的试验样品,利用解剖镜鉴定了生物污损群落的组成、利用金相显微镜观察、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)及红外光谱分析技术分析了基体和腐蚀产物的微观形貌,确定了钛板表面的元素和产物。结果表明,钛板表面由基底的二氧化钛膜、管栖多毛类、微藻等的微型生物和有机、无机颗粒组成的腐蚀产物皮膜所覆盖。和同纬度热带海域相比生物污损轻微,试板上(可视生物)仅有3～5个而且种类少、数量少、个体小。钛板基体表面未发生局部腐蚀。     

长江口表层沉积物中合成聚酯降解菌的多样性研究

为初步了解长江口邻近海域可降解合成聚酯菌株的多样性,本研究采用含聚己内酯(polycaprolactone,PCL)和甘油三丁酸酯(Tributyrin)的固体培养基,利用透明圈法从长江口邻近海域不同时间表层沉积物的菌种库中筛选具有降解PCL和Tributyrin活性的菌株。本研究共获得480株具有PCL或Tributyrin降解活性的菌株,其中能同时降解PCL和Tributyrin的445株,仅能降解Tributyrin的34株,仅能降解PCL的1株,分别占全部菌株数的92.71%、7.08%、0.22%。分类研究表明,这些菌株分属于14个属50个种,2、5、7、9月获得的可降解PCL和Tributyrin菌株的优势属分别为Psychrobacter、Bacillus、Vibrio、Vibrio。其中弧菌属在5、7、9月均有出现,尤其是在7月占比较大。多样性指数分析表明长江口近海表层沉积物中合成聚酯降解菌生物多样性5月2月9月7月;Tributyrin降解菌生物多样性高于PCL降解菌生物多样性。研究结果表明,中国长江口临近海域表层沉积物中PCL、Tributyrin降解菌种类丰富,在该区域塑料生物降解中发挥重要作用。     

大气CO2浓度升高对鳗草植株生长的影响

在人工模拟大气CO_2浓度升高的调节系统条件下,研究了4个不同大气CO_2浓度(380×10~(-6)(对照组,当前大气CO_2浓度)、750×10~(-6)(对应21世纪末大气CO_2浓度)、1 900×10~(-6)(对应23世纪末大气CO_2浓度)、变化组(CO_2浓度由380×10~(-6)逐步升高至1 900×10~(-6)))对鳗草(Zostera marina)存活、生长、光合色素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活力、可溶性糖含量及叶片和茎节气道面积的影响,分析了鳗草植株应对大气CO_2浓度升高的生长响应和生理适应过程。研究显示,经过30 d培育实验,大气CO_2浓度升高对鳗草植株的存活率( 98%)、生产力和叶片光合色素含量等指标无明显影响;大气CO_2浓度升高显著提高了植株叶片延伸率和茎节直径,均在1 900×10~(-6)时达到最大值,分别是对照组的1.4和1.1倍;随大气CO_2浓度升高,鳗草植株的叶绿素a/叶绿素b、可溶性糖含量和气道面积等指标均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,在1 900×10~(-6)时达到最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果表明,大气CO_2浓度升高对鳗草植株的生长、光合作用、物质代谢和气体交换等生理过程具有促进作用,且CO_2浓度越高促进作用越显著。     

基于多时相遥感影像的海岸线变化监测研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,沿海经济带正发生着日新月异的变化,海岸线环境发生了巨大改变。利用遥感技术不受时间、空间限制的特点,研究海岸线变化监测,有利于掌握海岸线分布情况,监测海岸线沿线生态环境。本文是基于多时相遥感影像,开展辽宁省大陆海岸线变化监测研究。     

Repair wind field in oil contaminated areas with SAR images

In this paper,we compared the normalized radar cross section in the cases of oil spill,biogenic slicks,and clean sea areas with image samples made from 11-pixel NRCS average,and determined their thresholds of the NRCS of the synthetic aperture radar. The results show that the thresholds of oil and biogenic slicks exhibit good consistency with the corresponding synthetic aperture radar images. In addition,we used the normalized radar cross section of clean water from adjacent patches of oil or biogenic slicks areas to replace that of oil or biogenic slicks areas,and retrieve wind field by CMOD5.n and compare wind velocity mending of oil and biogenic slicks areas with Weather Research and Forecasting modeled data,from which the root mean squares of wind speed(wind direction) inversion are 0.89 m/s(20.26°) and 0.88 m/s(7.07°),respectively. Therefore,after the occurrence of oil spill or biogenic slicks,the real wind field could be repaired using the method we introduced in this paper. We believe that this method could improve the accuracy in assessment of a real wind field on medium and small scales at sea,and enhance effectively the monitoring works on similar oil or biogenic slicks incidents at sea surface.     

我眼中的国土资源新常态

2014年5月,习近平总书记在河南考察时强调,我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期,我们要增强信心,从当前我国经济发展的阶段性特征出发,适应新常态,保持战略上的平常心态。年底召开的中央经济工作会议,又对新常态作了专门的阐述。新常态被提出后,迅速被广为人知并引至多个领域,成为执政新理念的关键词。在国土资源领域,新常态应是什么样的?本版向读者征集到了他们眼中的国土资源新常态。     

The Effect of the Warm Water and Its Weak Negative Feedback on the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Hato (2017)

Typhoon Hato (2017) went through a rapid intensification (RI) process before making landfall in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, as the observational data shows. Within 24 hours, its minimum sea level pressure deepened by 35hPa and its maximum sustained wind speed increased by 20m s-1. According to satellite observations, Hato encountered a large area of warm water and two warm core rings before the RI process, and the average sea surface temperature cooling (SSTC) induced by Hato was only around 0.73℃. Air-sea coupled simulations were implemented to investigate the specific impact of the warm water on its RI process. The results showed that the warm water played an important role by facilitating the RI process by around 20%. Sea surface temperature budget analysis showed that the SSTC induced by mixing mechanism was not obvious due to the warm water. Besides, the cold advection hardly caused any SSTC, either. Therefore, the SSTC induced by Hato was much weaker compared with that in general cases. The negative feedback between ocean and Hato was restrained and abundant heat and moisture were sufficiently supplied to Hato. The warm water helped heat flux increase by around 20%, too. Therefore, the warm water influenced the structure and the intensity of Hato. Although there might be other factors that also participated in the RI process, this study focused on air-sea interaction in tropical cyclone forecast and discussed the impact of warm water on the intensity and structure of a tropical cyclone.