Dust supply from river floodplains: the case of the lower Huang He (Yellow River) recorded in a loess–palaeosol sequence from the Mangshan Plateau

The Mangshan Plateau is located on the south bank of the Huang He (Yellow River) just west of the city of Zhengzhou, well outside the Loess Plateau in central China. Mixing models of the grain‐size data indicate that the loess deposits are mixtures of three loess components. Comparison of the mixing model with existing models established for a series of loess–palaeosol sequences from the Loess Plateau indicates that the Mangshan loess has been supplied from a proximal dust source, the Huang He floodplain, during major dust outbreaks. The high accumulation rates, the composition of the loess components, and especially the high proportions of a sandy loess component support this. Owing to the exceptionally high accumulation rates, the Mangshan grain size, magnetic susceptibility and carbonate records provide a high‐resolution archive of environmental and climate change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of spatial variation characteristics on contouring of design storm depth

The ordinary kriging method, a geostatistical interpolation technique, was applied for developing contour maps of design storm depth in northern Taiwan using intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) data. Results of variogram modelling on design storm depths indicate that the design storms can be categorized into two distinct storm types: (i) storms of short duration and high spatial variation and (ii) storms of long duration and less spatial variation. For storms of the first category, the influence range of rainfall depth decreases when the recurrence interval increases, owing to the increasing degree of their spatial independence. However, for storms of the second category, the influence range of rainfall depth does not change significantly and has an average of approximately 72 km. For very extreme events, such as events of short duration and long recurrence interval, we do not recommend usage of the established design storm contours, because most of the interstation distances exceed the influence ranges. Our study concludes that the influence range of the design storm depth is dependent on the design duration and recurrence interval and is a key factor in developing design storm contours. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Simulating Experiment in the Process of Soil Erosion on Bare Land in Mt. Tanakami

In order to understand the process of surface erosion and acquire basic data of conditions on hillslope without vege tation, a sprinkling experiment is conducted on a bare slope in Mt. Tanakami in the central part of Japan. Based on the mea surements of runoff, mean soil erosion depth, and sediment yield, etc. , the results suggest the following characteristics in the process of surface erosion in the experimental area. (1) The occurrence of sediment discharge is interrupted; (2) Surface runoff is a saturated overland flow; (3) The mean soil erosion depth is thick compared with other areas in Mt. Tanakami;(4) Sediment discharge process is detachment- limited.     

柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系不同沉积环境烃源岩生物标志物特征及其应用

柴达木盆地北缘地区侏罗系(中下侏罗统)的优质烃源岩主要发育于湖相与三角洲相环境。研究了不同时代、不同沉积环境中烃源岩的生物标志物组成特征,结果发现,有3类化合物的分布与组成差异显著,包括三环萜烷(C19、C20、C21)的分布型式、重排藿烷的丰度以及规则甾烷的相对组成。其中,不同时代的差异主要体现在规则甾烷组成上;而不同沉积环境的差异主要体现为三环萜烷(C19、C20、C21)的分布型式及重排藿烷的丰度。分析认为,这些差异与烃源岩的沉积环境及其生源组成有密切关系。据此,初步将这些参数应用于两方面研究,一是为划分地层沉积环境提供“生物标志物相标志”,二是研究油源对比,取得良好效果。因此,本文研究结果具有重要实用价值与参考意义。     

南海环境要素的年际变化与1982—1983年EI Nio

本文在大量调查资料的基础上,分析了1975—1984年南海环境要素的年际变化及其在1982—1983年的表现。研究发现,与正常年份比较,各要素在1982—1983年的表现都比较特殊,沿岸江河径流量猛增;气温、水温、盐度、pH值偏低;海水含氧量偏高,温、盐、密跃层强度增大;南海暖流和黑潮南海分支流轴的平均位置移到调查海区的最南面。作者认为,这一异常现象与1982—1983年赤道太平洋海域发生的强E1 Ni(?)o过程密切相关。     

16米风化砂回填地基的深层振密加固

结合北方某重力式深水 ( -1 6.0 m)码头沉箱后壁 1 4.5 m范围的回填风化砂经深层振密处理这一工程实例 ,介绍了回填砂振密的技术要求、施工工艺和方法及振密效果的检测。同时对施工与检测中的某些技术问题提出了自己的看法。     

雪宝顶碱性花岗岩岩石地球化学与成矿控制

对雪宝顶碱性花岗岩具有高丰度的W、Sn、Be含量和W、Sn矿化花岗岩的微量元素组合特征进行了分析，结果显示：稀土元素具有∑REE含量与LREE／HREE比值偏低和负Eu异常的特点；元素比值K／Rb，U／Th，Nb／Ta的规律性变化以及矿脉产状特征等表明W-(Sn)-Be脉状矿床形成于岩浆演化晚期，与岩浆期后的热液活动有关。     

离子色谱分析在黄土和粉尘研究中的应用

黄土中存在着大量的碱金属及碱土金属，以往的测试方法多为原子吸收和ICP—MS，离子色谱法在测试黄土样品的碱金属和碱土金属元素含量中应用不多。将黄土地质标准样品进行消解后用离子色谱进行测试，测试效果良好，重复测试的相对标准偏差小于5％，与推荐值的相对误差小于5％，准确度和精密度符舍相关的质量控制要求。本实验方法测试的离子含量都在仪器响应呈线性的最佳测试范围之内，标准曲线经回归后相关系数均达到0．9999。黄土样品的分析结果与粉尘气溶胶样品的离子分析结果对比表明，此方法对于探讨粉尘起源以及沙尘暴天气的研究具有重要意义。     

PSEUDO-STATIC ANALYSIS FOR DYNAMIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIORS OF OFFSHORE GRAVITY PLATFORM FOUNDATIONS

Based on the analysis of cyclic triaxial test for the South-Sea sand, a comprehensive normalized model of soil stress-strain relationship is presented herein, which includes effects of not only initial stress states but also loading cycles. Consequently, a pseudo-static procedure to analyse the deformation behavior of foundations is suggested. Example of calculations shows that the suggested procedure is convenient in application.     

台湾海峡及其西边地区正常地震动态及危险性特征

本文从地震的时，空分布特征，区域应力场动态，能量释放方式，ｂ值及震群特征６个方面研究了台湾海峡及其西边地区地震活动的正常动态及异常特征。结果表明，具有前兆意义的变化模式表现为区域地震活动在时间，空间及功能方面的有序性变化，即：（ａ）地震空间分布由分散转为集中，形成条带或空区；（ｂ）断裂活动由多组转为单一，应力场趋向一致；（display status