Acceleration feedback of a current-following synchronized control algorithm for telescope elevation axis

This paper proposes a dual-motor configuration to enhance closed-loop performance of a telescope control system. Two identical motors are mounted on each side of a U-type frame to drive the telescope elevation axis instead of a single motor drive, which is usually used in a classical design. This new configuration and mechanism can reduce the motor to half the size used in the former design, and it also provides some other advantages. A master-slave current control mode is employed to synchronize the two motors. Acceleration feedback control is utilized to further enhance the servo performance. Extensive experiments are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm in synchronization, disturbance attenuation and low-velocity tracking.     

1m红外太阳望远镜光电导行系统中像场旋转的分析

云南天文台1m红外太阳望远镜(YNST)光电导行系统是基于检测太阳像在面阵CMOS图像传感器上的偏移量作为反馈控制信号的高精度闭环跟踪系统[1]。由于YNST是一个地平式装置,在太阳像偏移检测量中存在着像场旋转量,为了获取稳定清晰的太阳像,必须对检测量进行消旋[2]才能达到光电导行系统的跟踪要求。根据球面天文学及天体测量学的知识并结合导行镜的光学系统,推导了光电导行系统中像场旋转的变化规律并对其进行模拟分析。     

Precision sidereal tracking system for a telescope

For the opportunities of CCD observations to be pursued, we have produced a precision system for telescope sidereal tracking. Using the software and hardware complex, one can control the system both autonomously and via a personal computer.     

空间目标的圆轨道跟踪法

给出一种空间目标自动跟踪方法：圆轨道跟踪法．该方法在假设目标轨道为圆轨道的前提下计算目标轨道，而后在轨道平面中外推．和位置跟踪法比较表明：该方法不受空间目标视运动不均匀性的影响，有非常高的跟踪精度．即使采用低帧频CCD(1-2HZ)，使用本方法，也能实现对空间目标的高精度跟踪；并能给出目标的多点CCD坐标，实现对空间目标的多点分区采样，提高空间目标的定位精度．     

基于自回归滑动平均模型的大口径天线风速预测方法

针对大口径、高性能射电望远镜天线受到的随机及时变风扰的问题, 利用自回归滑动平均模型预测望远镜周围风速, 提前计算风致结构变形量, 同时为望远镜伺服控制系统提供足够执行时间来降低风扰影响. 基于新疆奇台110m口径全向可动射电望远镜(QiTai Telescope, QTT)台址风场数据特征, 通过赤池信息准则和贝叶斯信息准则辨识模型阶次, 利用最大似然法估计模型参数, 分析模型残差特性以检验自回归滑动平均模型的有效性. 通过计算不同季度预测数据与测试数据偏差得到预测模型的精度, 夏季平均绝对误差为0.133mcdots^-1, 秋季平均绝对误差为0.162mcdots^-1, 冬季平均绝对误差为0.287mcdots^-1. 整体来看, 基于QTT台址不同季度风速数据建立的自回归滑动平均模型预测误差较小, 满足射电望远镜风扰控制系统的需求, 能为大口径射电望远镜风扰控制提供必要数据支撑.     

1米太阳望远镜光谱仪像旋转及消旋控制

光谱仪是1 m太阳望远镜的主要终端设备之一,该望远镜采用地平式的机架结构和修正的格里高利光学系统。在望远镜跟踪太阳时,由于地平式望远镜的自身运动特点和光学系统中平面反射镜的存在,其光谱仪狭缝所在平面上的太阳像随时间绕主光轴旋转,因此光谱仪必须进行消旋才能正常工作。首先深入研究了光谱仪狭缝平面上像的旋转变化,分析其旋转范围、速度和加速度随时角变化的特性,然后根据光谱仪消旋精度并结合像的旋转特性提出伺服系统位置检测和驱动电机的主要性能指标,最后给出光谱仪消旋伺服控制方案。     

Compact Automatic Astronomical Telescopes As Grounds-Based Support of Satellite Projects

We outline the basic idea of an automatically working telescope based on inexpensive commercially available hardware components. A new generation of the control software is proposed which makes the full remote control of the telescope via Internet network possible - without human factor. The main scientific goal is to provide quasisimultaneous optical data for gamma-ray satellite projects such as CGRO, HETE, INTEGRAL etc. The telescope will automatically investigate the positions of high energy sources such as GRB and AGNs, at optical wavelengths. The automatically operated burst alert telescope is expected to improve our knowledge of these astrophysical objects. The proposed experiment is different from the OTM Optical Transient Monitor which is monitoring experiment unrelated to satellite data. The system can be also applied in other areas of astronomy and astrophysics as well as provide sky patrol.     

斜轴式望远镜动力学建模与鲁棒控制

斜轴式望远镜是一种新颖的望远镜结构, 其独特的结构设计更适合南极等极端气候环境, 但目前国内外缺乏针对斜轴式望远镜详细的动力学建模与控制研究. 提出一套斜轴式望远镜动力学建模与鲁棒控制方法, 首先, 对斜轴式望远镜进行了动力学分析, 采用拉格朗日法建立望远镜2自由度刚体模型; 接着, 结合望远镜驱动系统的柔性和所受干扰, 完成了斜轴式望远镜的干扰情况下刚柔耦合系统数学模型的推导; 然后, 针对抗干扰问题, 根据所建数学模型, 设计了基于干扰观测器的滑模控制器, 对于所受干扰进行抑制, 实现了斜轴式望远镜的鲁棒控制; 最后, 仿真结果显示, 在考虑模型的非线性外部干扰的情况下, 相比于传统的比例-积分-微分控制器, 基于干扰观测器的滑模控制器使得系统具有更好的动态性能和抗干扰特性.     

全日面太阳光学和磁场望远镜的自动跟踪与导行方法

介绍全日面太阳光学和磁场望远镜的自动跟踪与导行方法。本系统采用光栅钢带码盘作位置检测元件,实时计算太阳站心位置,构成高精度的位置环跟踪系统,并用视频CCD和胡氏导行光路进行太阳导行,提高了系统的长时间跟踪精度。最后经实测,分析得出该跟踪导行系统完全达到预期指标。     

The design of the Central-Axis Reflector (ZAS)

The Central-Axis Reflector, the design principle which is presented below is a segmented-mirror telescope. The inventions relate mainly to the optical system and to the tracking apparatus.A large number of small individual mirror bodies, ground off-axis (hexagonal/polygonal) produce one primary mirror with closed circular aperture when joined together.The overall design of the tracking apperatus results directly —and thus without unnecessary adornment — from the two planes of to aminimum but which are required for tracking of the telescope.Paper presented at the Symposium on the JNLT and Related Engineering Developments, Tokyo, November 29–December 2, 1988.     

Adapted Fuzzy Controller for Astronomical Telescope Tracking

This paper presents a novel application of fuzzy logic (FL) controller driven by an adaptive fuzzy set (AFS) for position tracking of the telescope driven by electric motor. Also, the proposed FL controller, driven by AFS, is compared with a classical FL control, driven by a static fuzzy set (SFS). Both FL controllers algorithm use the position error and its rate of change as an input vector. The mathematical model of the telescope driven by electric motor is highly nonlinear differential equations. Therefore the use of the artificial intelligent controller, such as FL is much better than the conventional controller, to cover a wide range of operating conditions. So, the output of FL control is utilized to force the electric drives, of the telescope, to satisfy a perfect matching of the predefined desired position of the telescope arms. Both of FL controllers, using AFS and SFS, are simulated and tested when the system is subjected to a step change in reference value. In addition, these simulation results are compared with the conventional Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller, driven by fixed gain. The proposed FL, using an adaptive fuzzy set, improve the dynamic response of the overall system by improving the damping coefficient and decreasing the rise time and settling time compared with other two controllers.     

无人值守GNSS方法测定射电望远镜参考点

为解决常规射电望远镜归心测量工作耗时耗力的问题,引入GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)同步监测技术实现了一种针对射电望远镜参考点的无人值守监测方法.设计了针对GNSS靶标点观测数据的归算方法,包括数据匹配、数据检核以及后续精度评估等步骤,并对2018年佘山25-m射电VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)望远镜的GNSS靶标点实测数据开展了数据预处理、解析与归心解算等,证明了该方法的可行性.结果表明基于该方法,采用单日内部分(5%)数据(约7600个靶标点),所测定的VLBI望远镜参考点的点位形式精度可达3 mm.总结了针对射电望远镜采用GNSS开展无人值守归心测量先行试验中的一些经验教训,明确了利用该方法测量过程中应该注意的问题,为今后更高精度射电望远镜参考点无人值守归心监测提供重要参考.     

发生在1～2GHz的Ⅲ型爆发

对北京天文台动态频谱仪1996～1999年观测到的68群Ⅲ型爆发作了统计分析,并对这些事件的频率漂移、持续时间、偏振和带宽的基本特性作了定性分析.     

Interference coupling analysis based on a hybrid method: application to a radio telescope system

Working in a way that passively receives electromagnetic radiation from a celestial body,a radio telescope can be easily disturbed by external radio frequency interference as well as electromagnetic interference generated by electric and electronic components operating at the telescope site.A quantitative analysis of these interferences must be taken into account carefully for further electromagnetic protection of the radio telescope. In this paper, based on electromagnetic topology theory, a hybrid method that combines the Baum-Liu-Tesche(BLT) equation and transfer function is proposed.In this method, the coupling path of the radio telescope is divided into strong coupling and weak coupling sub-paths, and the coupling intensity criterion is proposed by analyzing the conditions in which the BLT equation simplifies to a transfer function. According to the coupling intensity criterion, the topological model of a typical radio telescope system is established. The proposed method is used to solve the interference response of the radio telescope system by analyzing subsystems with different coupling modes separately and then integrating the responses of the subsystems as the response of the entire system. The validity of the proposed method is verified numerically. The results indicate that the proposed method, compared with the direct solving method, reduces the difficulty and improves the efficiency of interference prediction.     

射电望远镜远场区域强干扰源规避方法研究

随着频率使用率的提高, 射电天文台址地面或空间存在强电磁干扰致使望远镜接收机系统处于非线性状态. 为减少强电磁干扰的影响、提高天文观测效率, 提出了一种基于望远镜远场区域的强干扰源规避方法. 首先, 通过仿真分析确定的射电望远镜远场方向图, 结合望远镜与干扰源之间的位置关系, 分析了强电磁干扰到达射电望远镜焦点处的功率响应, 并依据接收机第2阶中频放大器性能参数, 确定射电望远镜处于非饱和状态的规避角度计算方法. 其次, 采用该方法计算分析了民航飞机对射电望远镜的影响, 若民航飞机上有主动发射的干扰源, 且不经过反射等传播现象, 当射电望远镜主波束轴偏开一定方向后, 可有效降低对射电望远镜的干扰强度.     

The university of New South Wales automated patrol telescope

The Automated Patrol Telescope is a wide-field CCD imaging telescope of novel design. The telescope is a converted Baker-Nunn satellite tracking camera that has undergone extensive modification to its optical, mechanical and electronic systems. Telescope operation is entirely under computer control, and the instrument is to be used for a variety of astronomical survey and monitoring projects.     

云南天文台40米射电望远镜河外射电源观测

为了在云南天文台40 m天线上开展射电天文研究,使用它进行了河外射电源流量试观测。通过对河外致密源进行ON/OFF跟踪观测,得到射电源的流量变化曲线。但数据质量并不理想,说明系统存在一些问题。随后,根据对该望远镜系统的稳定性及其无线电环境干扰现状的考察,以及对现存问题的分析,提出了相应的解决方法。     

A novel design for a giant Arecibo-type spherical radio telescope with an active main reflector

A novel design for a giant spherical radio telescope is proposed. Instead of a fixed spherical reflecting surface such as with the 305-m Arecibo telescope, the illuminated portion of the reflecting surface is made to fit a paraboloid of revolution in real time by active control. A simple feed can thus be used, enabling the realization of broad bandwidth and full polarization. The actual design utilizes a karst depression which gives a spherical surface of 300-m radius, having an opening of 500-m diameter. The illuminated aperture is chosen to be 300 m, and the focal ratio is 0.46–0.48. With this geometry and the simple feeding system, a giant telescope with large sky coverage can be achieved at low cost. When the illuminated aperture is limited to 70–100 m, the area trackable can be extended to about 10° above the horizon.     

厚片CCD标准谱线证认及光栅转角测定

自1987年以来,云台库特摄谱仪改装使用了CCD相机,将可测波段扩展到红外。本文经实测证认了适用于扩展后的7000—11700埃的Fe-Ar比较光源的标准光谱谱线表。并精确测定了仪器改装后的光栅转角计算公式,还讨论了仪器综合效率、光栅定位精度、滤光片的使用等问题。     

2.4m望远镜观测目标查询系统的建立

为提高观测效率,节约运行成本,云南天文台将建立一套2.4 m望远镜远程观测系统.2.4 m望远镜观测目标查询系统作为远程观测系统的一个重要组成部分,它支持国际虚拟天文台通用的VOTable格式;它提供丰富的星表检索,并生成模拟星图和目标列表,同时还具备了交叉证认,距离计算等辅助功能.