Be／X射线双星UBV光电测光的预备性观测

为研究Be/X射线双星的光度变化,正利用北京天文台60cm望远镜进行UBV光电测光。本文叙述一年来的观测。并结合观测结果对观测和归算方法作了若干讨论,我们主要采用较差测光附加标准星观测以便转换到标准系统。消光计算时考虑零点漂移和可能与大气质量平方的线性关系:m-m_0=k′X k″c k_2X~2 k_tt q。标准系统与观测系统的星等和色指数采用线性关系转换。     

兴隆60 cm望远镜主焦CCD系统测光性能的研究

对兴隆６０ｃｍ望远镜主焦ＣＣＤ系统的测光性能进行了测试和研究．测定了ＣＣＤ快门时间函数,讨论了快门延迟效应对短时间曝光观测的可能影响．通过观测大批Ｌａｎｄｏｌｔ标准星,较准确地定出了ＢＶＲＩ宽带测光的星等系统转换关系,结果表明本系统与标准ＢＶＲＩ系统很接近．对ＣＣＤ系统的天文测光精度作了仔细的检验和分析,并对ＰＳＦ拟合测光和孔径测光两种方法进行了比较     

UBV光电测光系统的转换方程和精度比较

根据对鬼星团中Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ测光标准星的观测，我们研究了北京天文台６０ｃｍ望远镜直流光电光度计ＵＢＶ测光系统的转换方程．应用该方程推算了对三颗变星观测得到的ＵＢＶ星等，讨论了所得光变曲线的精度，并与较差方法所得结果进行了比较     

光电测光系统的转换方程和精度比较

根据对鬼星团中Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ测光标准星的观测，我们研究了北京天文台６０ｃｍ望远镜直流光电光度法ＵＢＶ测光系统的转换方程，应用该方程推算了对三颗变星观测得到的ＵＢＶ星等，讨论了所得光变曲线的精度，并与较差方法所得结果进行了比较。     

兴隆60cm望远镜主焦CCD系统测光性能的研究

对兴隆６０ｃｍ望远镜主焦ＣＣＤ系统的测光性能进行了测试和研究,测定了ＣＣＤ快门时间函数,讨论了快门延迟效应对短时间曝光观测的可能影响,通过观测大批Ｌａｎｄｏｌｔ标准星,较准确地定出了ＢＶＲＩ宽带测光的星等系统转换关系,结果表明本系统与标准ＢＶＲＩ系统很接近,对ＣＣＤ系统的天文测光精度作了仔细的检验和分析,工对ＰＳＦ拟合测光和孔径测光两种方法进行了比较。     

云南大学多通道测光巡天望远镜W巡天曝光时间优化

在建的云南大学多通道测光巡天望远镜(Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope, Mephisto)预计在2022年开展W巡天(Mephisto-W Survey),将对北半球可观测天区(赤纬δ-15~°,面积约26 000平方度)开展多通道多历元测光巡天,为细致描绘银河系结构、深刻理解星系形成和演化理论、精确限制宇宙学模型、深入探究暗物质暗能量本质提供重大契机。基于丽江观测站天文台址监测系统2019全年观测数据,利用机器学习方法模拟丽江站一年的台址条件模型,简单估算了在不同曝光时间下,多通道多历元测光巡天一整年对巡天天区的可观测次数与期望极限星等。考虑到多通道多历元测光巡天的科学目标,建议对每个天区单次观测采用曝光2次,每次时长为20 s的曝光模式,在这种曝光模式下,可以实现全年对巡天天区在每组滤波片组合(ugi和vrz)下分别进行约3.8次观测,单次观测r波段极限星等可达22.37等,叠加星等可达23.11等。     

云南天文台1.2米望远镜测光性能研究

利用云南天文台1.2m望远镜多色测光系统,选取一批Landoh标准星,利用较差测量的方法对该系统进行了大气消光系数和仪器转换系数的测定,分析了这套新的测光系统的性能.计算结果表明本系统与Johnson标准测光系统非常接近.同时也对该系统的测光精度进行了测定,在标准测光夜下测量亮于13.5等的星时,其V波段测光精度可达到0.041星等.     

1.26米红外望远镜测光处理管线设计与实现

1.26m红外望远镜是一台由国家天文台和广州大学联合建设的望远镜系统,测光观测是该望远镜的重要观测手段之一。但当前一直存在数据处理周期较长、处理过程需要人工处理等问题。为了提高广州大学合作团队的数据处理能力,提出了一种面向1.26 m红外望远镜半自动的测光处理管线,该管线在获取原始数据后,基于当日的观测记录重建FITS头文件信息,随后管线系统自动对图片进行预处理、定位目标星源、计算出目标星等相关操作,最后获得可利用的测光数据。这种方式高效、便捷,同时精度也得到了保证,它把当前主流测光模式中繁杂的、需要不断重复的步骤交由程序运行,从而节省了时间,显著提高了工作效率,解决了当前光学测光模式中图像数据的处理跟不上数据产出的难题,满足了广大科研工作者的需求。     

用DIMM测视宁度的几个问题

DIMM测视宁度是目前世界上通行和好的方法之一 ,但仪器、观测和处理方法不同会影响观测结果和精度 ,本文就其中的几个最主要因素进行讨论。包括 :望远镜和子瞳 ,曝光时间 ,取样时间 ,星像计算的判据和计算方法问题     

IRAF软件中DAOPHOT包的应用

为了检验威海天文台1 m望远镜的测光精度,2009年10月7日晚用该望远镜观测了M39星团,并对观测数据进行测光归算。由于M39星团中个别星较密集,使用IRAF中的DAOPHOT包进行星像测光。详细介绍了IRAF软件中的DAOPHOT包及其使用。数据归算结果表明,在UCAC3星表中匹配到的星,稀疏区域亮星的星等内部精度达到0.003mag,较密集区域的暗星内部精度约为0.012 8 mag。     

云南天文台DIMM的视宁度测量和评估

为对三孔ＤＩＭＭ数据的可靠性有进一步认识，作者对所用ＣＣＤ的曝光时间、不同大小的子瞳以及风向对观测结果的影响等方面做了试验，还进行了ＤＩＭＭ结果与一米望远镜的星像轮廓结果的比对。     

云台40m射电望远镜的指向误差校正

首先综述了射电望远镜指向误差校正的原理并对软件校准的两种方法进行了比较。其次阐述了利用软件校准的方法对云南天文台40m射电望远镜进行指向校正的过程,并给出其指向校正结果。结果是经过指向校正后该射电望远镜的指向精度达到观测要求。     

望远镜静态指向模型的基本参数

对地平式望远镜静态指出模型的基本参数进行了讨论，给出了一种参数较少，模型稳定的望远镜修正模型，与常用的球谐函修正模型相比较，基本参数模型具有对观测资料分布不敏感，模型的系随资料分布变化较小和修正精度较高优点，并且其残差序列服从正态分布，基本上能够满足高精度定轨的需要。     

Doing Research on Eclipsing Binary Stars with Small Telescopes and PC computers

Astronomical research with a small telescope (20 cm – 40 cm) has always been a challenging problem. The invention of CCD cameras and personal computers has now put this question to past as small telescopes can do good and practicle science. This paper describes the use of small telescope in the study of eclipsing binary stars. Binary stars play an important role as astrophysical laboratories in our quest to understand the evolution and structure of stars. The most useful aspects of research with a small telescope in binary star research is; 1) as a viable teaching laboratory for begining students 2) to teach and learn the fundamental observational techniques that are common to many types of astronomical research areas 3) as a starting point to initiate research programs in observational astronomy, optics, instrumentation, computational astrophysics and 4) as a foundation to develop an infrastructure and technical know how for larger telescope facility. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of the physics and evolution of stars at the 6-m BTA telescope

Since 1978, extensive observations of stars have been performed at the 6-m BTA telescope using both standard and newly developed instruments. We give a retrospective review of the results obtained within the framework of observational programs carried out at the 6-m telescope and aimed at the study of the physics and evolution of single and multiple stars of different masses.     

上海天文台1．56米望远镜斑点干涉成像实验进展

斑点干涉成像技术是克服大气湍流影响,提高地面大口径望远镜分辨本领的有效途径之一。该技术利用斑点相机拍摄一系列的短曝光像,使得大气湍流冻结,再经过图像处理获得高分辨率重建像。该技术设备简单,易于实现,很快在观测天文学中得到了广泛的应用,尤其是对双星的研究。首先回顾了天文高分辨率重建技术的发展,并介绍了相关研究成果。描述了几种典型的斑点干涉成像处理方法及其优缺点。对图像噪声类型及滤波方法进行了分析。在上海天文台1．56m望远镜上开展了双星斑点干涉观测实验,目标星等4～7mag,双星目标星等差小于2。分别采用斑点干涉术和迭代位移叠加法成功实现了双星目标的高分辨率成像,初步证明了在1．56m望远镜上进行斑点干涉成像实验,能够达到接近望远镜衍射极限的分辨率水平。     

Investigating the efficiency of the Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera(BFOSC) of the Xinglong 2.16-m reflector

The Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera(BFOSC) is one of the most important instruments operating in conjunction with the 2.16-m telescope at Xinglong Observatory. Every year there are~20 SCI-papers published based on observational data acquired with this telescope. In this work,we have systemically measured the total efficiency of the BFOSC that operates as part of the 2.16-m reflector, based on observations of two ESO flux standard stars. We have obtained the total efficiencies of the BFOSC instrument of different grisms with various slit widths in almost all ranges, and analyzed factors which effect the efficiency of this telescope and spectrograph. For astronomical observers, the result will be useful for them to select a suitable slit width, depending on their scientific goals and weather conditions during observations. For technicians, the result will help them to systemically identify the real efficiency of the telescope and spectrograph, and to further improve the total efficiency and observing capacity of the telescope technically.     

云南天文台40米射电望远镜河外射电源观测

为了在云南天文台40 m天线上开展射电天文研究,使用它进行了河外射电源流量试观测。通过对河外致密源进行ON/OFF跟踪观测,得到射电源的流量变化曲线。但数据质量并不理想,说明系统存在一些问题。随后,根据对该望远镜系统的稳定性及其无线电环境干扰现状的考察,以及对现存问题的分析,提出了相应的解决方法。     

The Ground-based Experiment of the Prototype of Planetary (& Lunar) Rotation Monitor Telescope

The scientific objective of the Planetary (& Lunar) Rotation Monitor (PRM) telescope is to study the terrestrial planet's (the Moon's) rotation and its interior structure and physics by in-situ observation. In order to verify the brand new principle of observations and the data processing method, the prototype of the telescope is designed and manufactured. The prototype's optical system consists of a commercial telescope and trihedron mirror set placed at the entrance of its light path to realize the capability of observing three fields of view (FOVs) simultaneously. The ground-based validation observation began in 2017, and the images containing the stars from three FOVs were achieved. Star images from different FOVs are initially mixed together, but they can be classified into the three FOVs respectively by calculating the displacement of star images on the CCD plate between two adjacent exposures, to make the observational effect be identical with three independent observations of the three FOVs respectively. After image processing, from the orientation variation of the three FOVs simultaneously in space due to the Earth's rotation, the direction of the rotation axis of the Earth in space can be derived. Its deviation from the theoretical value is about 1${}^{″}$ in average, indicating that the working principle and data processing method are effective. The main errors in observations are discussed, including the atmospheric refraction, the thermal deformation of the commercial telescope tube, the low optical resolution caused by the short focal length, the optical aberration in the multi-FOV observation, etc. It is indicated that the spatial resolution of the telescope can be enhanced with a longer focal length, and the observational reliability can be improved by optimizing the thermal deformation control. Improving the optical design in the simultaneous observation of multiple FOVs will also be helpful to the accuracy enhancement.     

Accuracy Analysis of the Pointing and Focusing Calibration of the 5 m Terahertz Telescope for Dome A in Antarcticatwo

Pointing calibration and sub-reflector focusing are an important task of antenna measurement, which significantly contributes to the observational performance of a radio telescope. According to the requirements on the pointing accuracy and defocusing gain loss of the 5 m Dome A Terahertz Explorer (DATE5), this paper has derived the requirements of signal-to-noise ratio for the pointing and sub-reflector focusing calibration observations, and selected several astronomical radio sources suitable for the pointing and focusing calibrations at the terahertz waveband in Antarctica, which include planets and ultra-compact HII regions. The effects of the atmospheric absorption and the source angular diameter on the accuracy of calibration measurements are analyzed. Simulations show that when the telescope operates in Antarctica, these sources can provide sufficient flux densities for verifying the pre-established pointing model and focusing model.