Evolutionary studies of the young star clusters: NGC 1960, NGC 2453 and NGC 2384

We report the analysis of the young star clusters NGC 1960, NGC 2453 and NGC 2384 observed in the J (1.12 μm), H (1.65 μm) and K′ (2.2 μm) bands. Estimates of reddening, distance and age as E(B?V)=0.25, d=1380 pc and t=31.6 to 125 Myr for NGC 1960, E(B?V)=0.47, d=3311 pc and t=40 to 200 Myr for NGC 2453 and E(B?V)=0.25, d=3162 pc and t=55 to 125 Myr for NGC 2384 have been obtained. Also, we have extended the color–magnitude diagrams of these clusters to the fainter end and thus extended the luminosity functions to fainter magnitudes. The evolution of the main sequence and luminosity functions of these clusters have been compared with themselves as well as Lyngå 2 and NGC 1582.     

NGC864和NGC889构成的双星团真的成双

一些天文学家对由两个疏散星团NGC864和NGC889构成的著名双星团存有疑问。一些研究提出NGC889比NGC864远1000光年,年龄也不同。 然而,劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的凯勒与马普天文研究所的格     

Centaurus A – NGC 5128

Summary. At a distance of 3.4 Mpc, NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is by far the nearest active radio galaxy. It is often considered to be the prototype Fanaroff-Riley Class I ‘low-luminosity’ radio galaxy, and as such it plays an important role in our understanding of a major class of active galaxies. Its proximity has spawned numerous detailed investigations of its properties, yielding unrivalled but still incomplete knowledge of its structure and dynamics. The massive elliptical host galaxy is moderately triaxial and contains a thin, strongly warped disk rich in dust, atomic and molecular gas and luminous young stars. Its globular cluster ensemble has a bimodal distribution of metallicities. Deep optical images reveal faint major axis extensions as well as a system of filaments and shells. These and other characteristics are generally regarded as strong evidence that NGC 5128 has experienced a major merging events at least once in its past. The galaxy has a very compact, subparsec nucleus exhibiting noticeable intensity variations at radio and X-ray wavelengths, probably powered by accretion events. The central object may be a black hole of moderate mass. Towards the nucleus, rich absorption spectra of atomic hydrogen and various molecular species suggest the presence of significant amounts of material falling into the nucleus, presumably ‘feeding the monster’. Emanating from the nucleus are linear radio/X-ray jets, becoming subrelativistic at a few parsec from the nucleus. At about 5 kpc from the nucleus, the jets expand into plumes. Huge radio lobes extend beyond the plumes out to to 250 kpc. A compact circumnuclear disk with a central cavity surrounds the nucleus. Its plane, although at an angle to the minor axis of the galaxy, is perpendicular to the inner jets. The jet-collimating mechanism, probably connected to the circumnuclear disk, appears to precess on timescales of order a few times 10 years. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge of NGC 5128 and its associated radio source Centaurus A. Underlying physical processes are outside its scope: they are briefly referred to, but not discussed. Received 30 December 1997     

NGC 6791的年龄之谜

这张哈勃空间望远镜拍摄的美丽星团称为NGC6791,它位于Lyra座,是我们所知最老和最大的疏散星团之一。疏散星团通常是由数百颗年龄不到10亿年的年轻恒星组成的恒星集团。NGC 6791却极不寻常,它包含10000多颗恒星,而且其中重元素（指的是比氢元素更重的元素）的含量比大多数的星团都高。     

Chandra Observations of the Flat Spectrum Seyfert-2 Galaxies NGC 2110 and NGC 7582

Chandra observations of the Seyfert-2 galaxies NGC 2110 and NGC 7582 are presented. With the superb spatial resolution of Chandra we found that in NGC 7582 the soft (≤2 keV) and hard (2-10 keV) X-rays are emitted in different regions, consistent with the report by Xue et al. By comparing the present X-ray data with the previous infrared data, we determined that the soft X-ray region is the site of starburst activities. We found no significant temporal variations during our observations. We confirm the previous finding that NGC 2110 and NGC 7582 are flat-spectrum sources. We argue that the flat spectra may result from a cold absorbing material such as envisaged in the “dual absorbed” model. Strong Fe Kα emission feature is detected in 6-7keV. Its equivalent width is so large that it cannot be reproduced by using the Galactic column density of - 10^22 cm^-2.     

疏散星团NGC2286的研究

本文利用疏散昨团NGC2286天区内250颗恒星的相对自行及成员概率判定资料，首次对该星团的半径、光度函数以及内部运动等做较深入的研究，分析表明对NGC2286这个中等年龄的星团，正处于动力学演化的初级阶段，在空间和速度上都没有表现出象年老疏散星团M67那样较为明显的分层效应。     

NGC4151的长期光变行为

本文收集了NGC4151近90年的光学资料,并用Jurkevich分析方法对其进行了光变周期分析其光变存在一个14．04±0．8年的长周期,且该天体的谱型与源的亮度强烈相关。     

NGC4151的光变周期分析

本文利用地面光学望远镜ＮＧＣ４１５１进行国际联测所得的结果,通过周期图方法的逐步回归方法得到了该目标目标的一些较为明显的光变周期。结果表明,ＮＧＣ４１５１存在两个主要光变周期。一个是所有光学波段存在约１４天的周期,另一个是连续谱存在３０天周期,而对于Ｈα和Ｈβ则分别为２４和３８天的周期。     

NGC7538的近红外偏振成像

介绍恒星形成区ＮＧＣ７５３８的Ｈ和Ｋｓ波段偏振成像的观测结果．近５′视场的偏振图像揭示了与亮红外源ＩＲＳ１１１成协的年轻星团和红外星云的复杂结构．ＩＲＳ１３星云的偏振图像表明星云的近红外辐射主要来自对深埋红外源ＩＲＳ１的反射;其形态可解释为颜色很红的高偏振的壳层包围着的低消光气泡．ＩＲＳ１周围的近红外的偏振强度在ＩＲＳ１双极分子外流方向上呈现出一较小的壳结构．ＩＲＳ４在近红外表现为双源,其中较红的源ＩＳＲ４ｂ周围观测到中心对称的偏振图像．ＩＲＳ５与亮星云成协,ＩＲＳ６则处于一组星的中心．在ＩＲＳ５和ＩＲＳ６周围的星云中没有观测到偏振．ＩＫＳ９照亮着两块星云,ＩＲＮ１和ＩＲＮ２．ＩＲＮ１星云有很好的锥形并包含一高偏振的喷流成分．云中较高偏振的部分对应较蓝的颜色,显示着其较大的视向张角的外流腔结构．与复杂的ＩＲＳ９区分子外流相比较,ＩＲＮ１星云与在ＮＥＳＷ方向的外流相符合．首次证认了ＩＲＳ１１近红外点源,并观测到其周围有一组星和很暗的星云物质     

The structure and dynamics of young star clusters: King 16, NGC 1931, NGC 637 and NGC 189

In this paper, using 2MASS photometry, we study the structural and dynamical properties of four young star clusters viz. King 16, NGC 1931, NGC 637 and NGC 189. For the clusters King 16, NGC 1931, NGC 637 and NGC 189, we obtain the limiting radii of 7′, 12′, 6′ and 5′ which correspond to linear radii of 3.6 pc, 8.85 pc, 3.96 pc and 2.8 pc respectively. The reddening values E(B?V) obtained for the clusters are 0.85, 0.65–0.85, 0.6 and 0.53 and their true distances are 1786 pc, 3062 pc, 2270 pc and 912 pc respectively. Ages of the clusters are 6 Myr, 4 Myr, 4 Myr and 10 Myr respectively. We compare their structures, luminosity functions and mass functions (φ(M)=dN/dM ∝ M ^?(1+χ)) to the parameter τ=t _age /t _relax to study the star formation process and the dynamical evolution of these clusters. We find that, for our sample, mass seggregation is observed in clusters or their cores only when the ages of the clusters are comparable to their relaxation times (τ≥1). These results suggest mass seggregation due to dynamical effects. The values of χ, which characterize the overall mass functions for the clusters are 0.96±0.11, 1.16±0.18, 0.55±0.14 and 0.66±0.31 respectively. The change in χ as a function of radius is a good indicator of the dynamical state of clusters.     

疏散星团NGC1570和NGC1758的研究Ⅱ．照相测光和天体物理性质

利用上海天台1.56m反射望远镜1992－1993年拍摄的测光底片的PDS测量结要,采用P.B.Stetson所提供的照相星等归算方法,得到了789颗生的B,V星等,并与GJTR的测光结果进行了比较,同时在已得出疏散星团NGC1750和NGC1758天区恒星的自行和测光结果的基础上,确定了两个星团包括面密度,并径,距离,年龄,光度函数和质量函数等在内在基本参数,并对运行学特征也进行了讨论。从而,进一步证实了这一天区确定存在的两个独立的动力学系统。     

星系NGC5018的星族合成研究

利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,研究了邻近巨椭圆星系NGC5018中的星族成分和其内部的恒星形成历史,给出了星系中不同年龄和金属丰度星族的成分占有比.星族合成结果表明,NGC5018中不仅存在大量金属丰度低的年老恒星成分,而且较年轻的星族成分(T=5×108yr)对星系光度贡献也很重要.星系吞并和相互作用过程可能是触发这些较年轻星族形成的物理原因,椭圆星系内部的恒星形成历史可能是2次爆发或者多次爆发过程.这些结果可以很好地解释NGC5018颜色偏蓝、Mg2谱指数强度偏弱等观测特征.     

Seyfert星系NGC4051的光变特性

为了配合EXOSAT对Seyfert星系NGC4051光变的观测,继1985年5月的多波段联测之后,我们又于1985年12月7日—9日对NGC4051进行了B波段及V波段的短时标光变的观测和研究,主要结果如下:(1)NGC4051在B波段有两个与X射线波段及U波段相对应的短时标光变,时标分别为4200秒和1800秒,振幅分别为ΔB≈0.21mag(±σ=0.04~m)和ΔB≈0.43mag(±σ=0.08~m),(2)V波段有一个时标为～2400秒,振幅为ΔV=0.07mag(±σ=0.07~m)的短时标光变,(3)结合X射线波段及U波段的观测,我们发现,NGC4051的光变时标随着波长的增大而增大。     

行星状星云NGC 2242的红外辐射

被Zwicky等人列为星系的NGC 2242,后来刘继英等人发现它具有发射特征并认为可能是行星状星云。前原英夫等人用有缝光谱肯定了它是一个行星状星云。我们证认它是IRAS06304+4448。根据IRAS Point Source Catalog所提供的25μm和60μm的辐射流量,我们得到了这一行星状星云的尘埃温度T_d=130K,光学厚度τ_(25μm)=1.98×10~(-7)和尘埃的总质量M_d=1.0×10~(-7)到1.8×10~(-6)M_⊙之间。     

NGC2023的NH_3谱线观测

以NH_3转动—反演谱线NH_3(1.1);NH_3(2.2)观测了分子云NGC2023。谱线呈现的超精细结构有利于分子云物理参量的导出。 再次确认恒星HD37903为NGC2023的唯一能量激发源。灼热的尘埃是分子激发的中介。 经分析,判断星位于分子云表面,与Zuckerman提出的起泡(Blister)模型相似。若HD37903诞生于NGC2023,则该星生存时间已长到足以将分子云驱于0.1pc之外。 NGC2023中可能存在密度相对高的团块(Clump)。     

Comptonization and Reprocessing Processes in Accretion Disks： Applications to the Seyfert 1 Galaxies NGC 5548 and NGC 4051

Simultaneous multi-wavelength observations have revealed complex variability in AGNs. To explain the variability we considered a theoretical model consisting of an inner hot comptonizing corona and an outer thin accretion disk, with interactions between the two components in the form of comptonization and reprocessing. We found that the variability of AGNs is strongly affected by the parameters of the model, namely, the truncated disk radius rmin, the corona radius rs, the temperature KTe and the optical depth τ0 of the corona. We applied this model to the two best observed Seyfert 1 galaxies, NGC 5548 and NGC 4051. Our model can reproduce satisfactory the observed SEDs. Our fits indicate that NGC 5548 may have experienced dramatic changes in physical parameters between 1989-1990 and 1998, and that NGC 4051 has a much larger truncated disk radius (700 Schwarzschild radii) than NGC 5548 (several tens of Schwarzschild radii). Since we adopted a more refined treatment of the comptonization process rather than simply assuming a cut-off power law, our results should be more reasonable than the previous ones.