全日面磁场观测资料的初步处理

用口径为１０ｃｍ的全日面磁场望远镜，我们获得了光球的全日面视向磁场观测资料，与３５ｃｍ磁场望远镜的观测结果比对，发现日面上各活动区磁场的形态以及强度都吻合较好，说明全日面磁场望远镜得到的观测资料是可信的。     

全日面磁场与活动监测望远镜轴系升级

在天文观测中,需要望远镜能快速、准确地指向目标天体,并进行稳定跟踪。针对怀柔太阳观测基地(Huairou Solar Observing Station, HSOS)的全日面磁场与活动监测望远镜(The Solar Magnetism and Activity Telescope, SMAT)进行轴系升级,使用伺服电机轴上23位高精度绝对式编码器替代光栅钢带码盘,通过VSOP87行星理论实时计算日面中心位置,使用基于大面阵CCD的高精度导行系统不间断跟踪并记录太阳位置,利用最小二乘法分段拟合太阳实时位置与绝对式编码器数值,建立指向算法并实现日面中心指向。经实测,赤经方向的指向误差约为36.69″,赤纬方向的指向误差约为21.49″,满足全日面太阳磁场望远镜的指向要求,该方法成本低,兼容性高,对于其他赤道式望远镜的升级改造具有借鉴意义。     

2009年7月22日昆明日偏食太阳色球观测

阐述了云南天文台太阳全日面Hα色球望远镜对特殊天象日食的观测及资料情况。同时为局部射电源特征分析研究、CME理论、地球物理效应等相关学科研究提供资料共享信息。     

射电源0716＋714和0839＋187的光学定位

利用北京天文台具有ＣＣＤ终端的６０ｃｍ光学望远镜观测射电源的光学对应体，得到了０１７１６＋７１４和０８３９＋１８７精确的光位置。参考星表采用拉帕玛的１８ｃｍ全自动子午环观测资料编制的ＣＡＭＣ星表，该星表是ＦＫ５星表系统。     

2012年6月6日金星凌日Hα色球观测

云南天文台全日面Hα色球望远镜完成了2004年6月8日、2012年6月6日,两次为一组的金星凌日天象的观测.主要介绍2012年6月6日金星凌日观测和相应时刻的太阳Hα色球资料.     

射电源0716 714和0839 187的光学定位

利用北京天文台具有ＣＣＤ终端的６０ｃｍ光学望远镜（Ｖ波段）观测射电源的光学对应体，得到了０７１６＋７１４和０８３９＋１８７精确的光学位置。参考星表采用拉帕尔玛（ＬａＰａｌｍａ）的１８ｃｍ全自动子午环观测资料编制的ＣＡＭＣ星表，该星表是ＦＫ５星表系统。两颗源位置的内符精度约为０．″１９，与其他作者给出的光学和射电位置观测结果分别进行了比较     

云南天文台全日面太阳黑子照相观测系统的建立I.硬件部分

利用云南天文台5吋太阳黑子望远镜,通过光学系统的改装配置佳能数码照相机,建立了对太阳全日面黑子实施高分辨观测的照相装置。照相结果表明大小黑子、本影、半影都清晰可见,可以取代长期以来以手工描迹太阳黑子的传统观测方法。照相观测资料的计算机处理,可给出当日太阳黑子相对数、黑子总的球面积和圆面积等主要参数,有关资料处理及软件问题将另文介绍。     

CMOS图像传感器在太阳磁场观测中的应用研究

磁场是太阳物理的第1观测量,当前太阳磁场观测研究正迈向大视场、高时空分辨率、高偏振测量精度以及空间观测的时代.中国首颗太阳观测卫星—先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S)也配置了具有高时空分辨率、高磁场灵敏度的全日面矢量磁像仪(FMG)载荷,针对FMG载荷的需求,讨论了大面阵、高帧频互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS)图像传感器应用于太阳磁场观测的可行性.首先,基于滤光器型太阳磁像仪观测的原理,比较分析了目前CMOS图像传感器(可用的或是可选的两种快门模式)的特点,指出全局快门类型更适合FMG;其次搭建了CMOS传感器实验室测试系统,测量了CMOS图像传感器的像素增益及其分布规律;最后在怀柔太阳观测基地的全日面太阳望远镜上开展了实测验证,获得预期成果.在这些研究基础上,形成了FMG载荷探测器选型方向.     

土星卫星CCD定位观测的初步分析

发表了１９９４年８月土星主要卫星ＣＣＤ观测的相对位置资料及其与理论值的比较分析。观测使用了开放实验室分山基地的１５６ｃｍ天体测量望远镜上的ＣＣＤ探测器．对观测资料的分析表明；Ｒｈｅａ和Ｄｉｏｎｅ相对于Ｔｉｔａｎ的位置精度为０．１２”。这相当于距离土星７００ｋｍ．土星卫星ＣＣＤ观测与最佳的照相观测比较，其位置精度相当。     

云南天文台Hα全日面望远镜4K×4K CCD性能测试

天文观测采用的CCD一般都要进行性能测试,然后再投入常规观测。针对云南天文台Hα全日面望远镜新引入的4K×4K大尺寸QHYl6803CCD已投入实际观测的情况,对其进行了较为全面的测试,检测内容包括有效尺寸、本底情况、读出噪声、增益、暗流、热像素等等。从检测结果来看,该CCD是适用于太阳全日面观测的。同时提出的检测方案是一种在非实验室条件下的测试方案,较为方便和快捷。从检测结果来看,参数的测量可信度高。     

Influence Of Stray Light in the Instrument on Measurements of Longitudinal Magnetic Signals and Magnetic Field Azimuths

Magnetic saturation is investigated by numerical simulations and observations. It is found that this effect is not a main disturbance factor in measurements of longitudinal field signals. To examine the stray light in the instrument in magnetograph observations, we determined the point spread function of the Video Vector Magnetograph mounted on the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) installed at the Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS). Then we obtained the distribution of large-spread-angle (LSA) stray light intensity as a function of distance from disk center. A new way to correct LSA stray light is proposed. Also, we investigate stray light influence on measuring magnetic field azimuths.     

太阳宁静区磁场的功率谱分析

利用１９９８年１０月３日北京天文台怀柔太阳观测站的高质量磁图,对给定的太阳宁静区两种不同极性的磁场进行了功率谱分析．结果表明,空间功率谱在超米粒和中米粒尺度具有明显的尖峰结构,这对应于空间周期性分布的网络和内网络磁结构．结果也显示出,超米粒边缘所包含的两种极性场中,其中的一种极性占优势．通过瞬态功率谱的分析,得出网络和内网络场寿命之间的比例关系,这一结果和其他学者得出的超米粒和中米粒对流寿命之间的关系相符．     

Joint vector magnetograph observations at BBSO,Huairou Station and Mees Solar Observatory

Joint vector magnetograph observations were carried out at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), Huairou Solar Observing Station (Huairou), and Mees Solar Observatory (MSO) in late September 1989. Comparisons of vector magnetograms obtained at the three stations show a high degree of consistency in the morphology of both longitudinal and transverse fields. Quantitative comparisons show the presence of noise, cross-talk between longitudinal field and transverse field, Faraday rotation and signal saturation effects in the magnetograms. We have tried to establish how the scatter in measurements from different instruments is apportioned between these sources of error.     

Analysis of Vector Magnetic Fields in Solar Active Regions by Huairou,Mees and Mitaka Vector Magnetographs

We analyze the vector magnetograms in several well-developed active regions obtained at Huairou Solar Observing Station, National Astronomical Observatories of China, at Mees Solar Observatory, University of Hawaii, and at National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. It is found that there is a basic agreement on the transversal fields among these magnetographs. The observational error (mutual difference) for the transversal magnetic fields is estimated. In addition to comparison of transversal fields among different instruments, we used the morphological configurations of sunspot penumbrae in white-light and EUV 171 Å images obtained by the TRACE satellite as a reference of the orientation of transversal magnetic fields.     

CONFIGURATION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS

In this paper we present the observational results of chromospheric and photospheric magnetograms in active regions obtained at the Huairou Solar Observing Station of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory. Simultaneous observations of the chromospheric and photospheric magnetic fields enable us to construct a possible configuration of the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere. The chromospheric magnetic field shows more diffusion than the photospheric magnetic field and consists of fibril-like features. We also discuss the possible configuration of the magnetic shear in highly sheared active regions.     

The evolution of vector magnetic field associated with major flares in NOAA AR10656

In this paper, we study the evolution of vector magnetic field of AR 10656 by using the observations of Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS, China) and Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO, USA). The magnetic flux emergence and cancellation, and thus, magnetic nonpotential changes, are associated with the major flares in this active region. Compared with some other super-active regions, the evolution of magnetic morphologies and non-potentialities are relatively gradual, and thus the energy transportation and release are relatively slow. This gradual process may result in the recurrent flares of AR 10656.     

The non-uniform pattern in full-disc vector magnetograms and its correction

The Solar Magnetism and Activity Telescope (SMAT) has been operational at Huairou Solar Observing Station since the end of 2005. Its scientific projects are the observational study of full-disc vector magnetic field and Hα chromospheric activities. In this paper, the Fourier low-frequency passing filter and the large-scale polynomials fit methods have been employed to analyse and remove the non-uniform pattern (NUP) in the full-disc Stokes V image. These methods are useful to effectively improve the quality of SMAT's data. The following main results have been obtained. (1) An intrinsic large-scale spatial distribution of NUP appears in SMAT's full-disc Stokes V image and its average amplitude accounts for 2 per cent of sunspots' field of kG. (2) NUP is testified as instrumental polarization through data reduction and observational explanation (passband shift). There are pseudo-passband shift in the wide field of view of SMAT due to NUP, and the maximum shifting value from the solar disc centre to the solar disc limb is 0.12 Å. (3) As an example, after removing SMAT's NUP in the Stokes V image, the correlation coefficients of the magnetograms become 78 per cent between SMAT and MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager project) on the SOHO ( Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ) satellite, and 92 per cent between SMAT and the SMFT (Solar Magnetic Field Telescope) at Huairou.     

A statistical study on property of spatial magnetic field for solar active region

Magnetic fields dominate most solar activities, there exist direct relations between solar flare and the distributions of magnetic field, and also its corresponding magnetic energy. In this paper, the statistical results about the relationships between the spatial magnetic field and solar flare are given basing on vector magnetic field observed by the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) at Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS). The spatial magnetic fields are obtained by extrapolated photosphere vector magnetic field observed by SMFT. There are 23 active regions with flare eruption are chosen as data samples, which were observed from 1997 to 2007. The results are as follows: 1. Magnetic field lines become lower after flare for 16 (69 %) active regions; 2. The free energy are decreased after flare for 17 (74 %) active regions. It can conclude that for most active regions the changes of magnetic field after solar flare re coincident with the previous observations and studies.     

Some issues in diagnostics of solar chromospheric magnetic fields with the Mg b2 line

Up to now, exact measurements of chromospheric magnetic fields have not been as successful as those done in the photosphere. We are currently engaging in diagnostics of chromospheric magnetic fields with the Mg b2 line by employing the Multi-Channel Solar Telescope at Huairou Solar Observing Station. Therefore, how to improve accuracy in the measurement is the main issue of our present study. To this end, we first study linear calibration coefficients for longitudinal and transverse components of chromospheric fields, which vary with wavelength, in the case of a weak field assumption. Then the polarization crosstalk introduced by instruments is analyzed in detail with two numerical simulation methods. Comparisons of the po- larization signals between cases with and without correction are presented. The result indicates that polarization accuracy is greatly improved after crosstalk correction.     

Some issues in diagnostics of solar chromospheric magnetic fields with the Mg b_2 line

Up to now,exact measurements of chromospheric magnetic fields have not been as successful as those done in the photosphere.We are currently engaging in diagnostics of chromospheric magnetic fields with the Mg b2line by employing the Multi-Channel Solar Telescope at Huairou Solar Observing Station.Therefore,how to improve accuracy in the measurement is the main issue of our present study.To this end,we first study linear calibration coefficients for longitudinal and transverse components of chromospheric fields,which vary with wavelength,in the case of a weak field assumption.Then the polarization crosstalk introduced by instruments is analyzed in detail with two numerical simulation methods.Comparisons of the polarization signals between cases with and without correction are presented.The result indicates that polarization accuracy is greatly improved after crosstalk correction.