VLBI记录系统的进展

本文介绍了ＶＬＢＩ记录系统在世界各主要台站的使用情况，对目前先进的ＶＬＢＩ记录系统的功能、记录格式等进行了比较和描述。     

CVN高速数据记录与回放硬盘系统及其应用

CVN硬盘系统是上海天文台VLBI技术实验室自行研制的VLBI数据高速记录与回放系统。它以通用PC机和Linux操作系统为平台。该系统与原有磁带机系统相比具有数据记录质量高、可靠性好和价格低等特点，已安置在乌鲁木齐南山、上海佘山观测站和昆明流动站，多次成功地进行了卫星和河外射电源的观测。目前中国VLBI网观测的数据记录和回放已全部由CVN硬盘系统承担，完全替代了原有的磁带系统。现有的上海相关处理机通过专用回放接口，能直接处理记录在硬盘上的数据。在此基础上还进行了软件相关处理方法和e—VLBI数据传输实验。通过多次观测，该系统的性能已得到不断改进，将成为我国“嫦娥一号”探月工程中的VLBI数据系统的候选者，也可应用于其它高速数据记录领域。     

VLBI数据记录系统Mark6及相关技术研究进展

随着数据记录速率的提高以及对数据准确性的要求,老的采集系统已经不能满足新的要求,迫切要求采用新的终端和技术。Mark6是麻省理工学院研制的最新的记录终端,已经用于主要的天文机构,比如JIVE、KASI、Max-Planck-Institute等。首先介绍了VLBI数据记录终端的现状,给出了上海天文台对Mark6软硬件的调试与配置;然后介绍了使用Mark6与CDAS2互连进行数据记录的测试及分析;最后对Mark6系统的应用及相关软件的后续研发进行了简洁阐述。可为后续终端采集系统的安装、配置及升级提供指导及参考。     

VLBI监控系统的改进

对Mark5B监控系统软件的设计思想、软件功能、通讯机制等几个方面作了介绍。Mark5B记录系统是当今世界VLBI观测台站中广泛使用的最为先进的记录系统之一,也是VLBI终端系统的重要组成部分。研制Mark5B监控系统软件的主要目的是进一步提高VLBI终端记录系统的可靠性,保障VLBI联测数据有效和高质量。该软件是在Qt开发环境下采用signals/slots的安全类型机制,并在Qt creator IDE上设计图形界面,完成数据采集和网络通信工作。Mark5B监控系统不仅适用于VLBI天体物理测量观测、VLBI测地观测,而且适用于中国VLBI网(The Chinese VLBI Network,CVN)联测。     

VLBI终端系统的发展历史和未来展望

甚长干涉测量技术(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)起源于20世纪60年代,它的发展已经对大地测量、地球动力学和天体测量产生了深远的影响。同样,VLBI终端系统作为VLBI系统的重要组成部分,在近40年里也在不断地更新和快速发展,从一开始的Mark 1系统发展到现在的Mark 5系统,从一开始的磁带记录到现在的硬盘记录甚至通过因特网就能实现数据的实时传输,可以说发生了翻天覆地的变化。如今Mark 6系统也已经开发出来,相信不久的将来,该系统会广泛应用于天文领域。主要描述了VLBI终端系统的发展历程和未来展望。     

朱文鑫《历代日食考》研究

用现代天文计算结果来全面研究整理中国古代日食记录,首推朱文鑫先生的<历代日食考>.他开拓的利用现代天文计算方法系统考察中国古代天象记录的研究,成为中国天文学史研究中的显学.介绍了<历代日食考>一书的内容和学术价值,比较了各个研究者对中国各代日食记录的统计,并对错误较多的西汉日食记录做了进一步的考证,以续朱先生言.分析指出,西汉日食记录的错误,许多是由另一条正确记录衍生出的.其错误的形态显示,原始记录只有年月,而日干支和所在宿度,是衍生错误已经发生之后加注的.     

新疆天文台天文观测数据传输日志系统设计与实现

新疆天文台望远镜产生的观测数据通过数据专线传输到新疆天文台本部数据中心进行长期存储。采用rsync进行数据传输,传输过程中没有详细的日志记录信息,无法对传输情况进行统计分析。通过调研新疆天文台数据传输的需求,设计并开发了新疆天文台观测数据传输日志系统。系统以新疆天文台南山站、奇台站的数据存储服务器和新疆天文台本部长期存储为基础,设计了日志系统的整体架构,实现了数据传输过程的日志记录。系统基于shell多线程技术及Qt框架,开发了后台服务程序及日志系统软件界面,实现了日志分析、统计备份与数据传输的可视化页面。     

AR5629:1989年8月17日环状日珥和射电尖峰辐射

文章简要介绍了云南天文台快速记录和时间同步系统(FRTSS),及该系统取得的1989年8月17日与西边缘环状日珥共生的一个射电尖峰辐射(spike)群。     

PIN调制器在太阳射电快速记录系统中的运用和性能检测

本文简要地介绍了云南天文台太阳射电快速记录系统ＰＩＮ调制器的运用，描述了该器件的原理和性能检测，并给出了测试结果。     

PIN调制器在太阳射电快速记录系统中的运用和性能检测

本文简要地介绍了云南天文台太阳射电快速记录系统ＰＩＮ调制器的运用，描述了该器件的结构原理和性能检测，并给出了测试结果     

日冕瞬变及行星际效应

本文介绍了日地空间环境和能量走廊，光学日冕和射电日冕，日冕瞬变和行星际瞬变。特别阐述了射电日冕瞬变的种类及其行星际效应。     

The radio luminosity of pulsars and the distribution of interstellar electron density

The radio luminosities of pulsars are given as functions of their period and the time variation of the period. The parameters of that dependence are calculated and independent distances are determined for pulsars. The average electron densities toward the pulsars are determined from the known dispersion measures. The results obtained are used to study the large-scale electron density distribution in the Galaxy. The distribution maximum lies in the vicinity of the Sagittarius spiral arm. The electron density falls off exponentially in the regions between spiral arms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Flows in clumpy planetary nebulae

The dynamics of clumps observed in planetary nebulae are considered. The possibility that SiO maser spots in evolved stars and the planetary nebula clumps are formed by the Parker instability behind shocks in pulsating stars' atmospheres is raised. Molecular observations of the clumps are suggested. The effects of the ablation of clumps on the global flow structure of a more tenuous plasma in which they are embedded are reviewed.     

Quasi-periodic X-ray oscillations in the source Scorpius X-1

The RXTE observations of Scorpius X-1 in 1996–1999 are presented. The properties of its quasi-periodic X-ray oscillations are studied in detail. The results obtained are used for analysis in terms of the transition-layer model (TLM) and the relativistic-precession model (RPM) for a slowly rotating neutron star. Theoretical predictions of the two models are compared and their self-consistency is verified. The tilt of the magnetosphere to the accretion-disk plane, the neutron-star mass, and its angular momentum are determined in terms of the models.     

The XUV structure of solar active regions

XUV spectroheliograms of 2 active regions are studied. The images are due to lines emitted at temperatures between 8 x 10⁴ K and 2 x 10⁶ K and thus are indicative of transition region and coronal structures. The hot coronal lines are formed solely in loop structures which connect regions of opposite photospheric magnetic polarity but are not observed over sunspots. Transition region lines are emitted in plages overlying regions of intense photospheric magnetic field and in loops or loop-segments connecting such regions. The hot coronal loops are supported hydrostatically while only some of the transition zone loops are. The coronal and transition zone loops are distinctly separated and are not coaxial. A comparison of direct measurements of electron densities using density sensitive line ratios with indirect measurements using emission measures and path lengths shows the existence of fine structures of less than a second of arc in transition region loops. From a similar analysis, hot coronal loops do not have any fine structure below about 2 seconds of arc.     

Secular influence of change in the heliocentric gravitation constant <Emphasis Type="Italic">GM</Emphasis><Subscript>⊙</Subscript> on evolution of orbits of Meteor Streams

The Secular influence of the change in the heliocentric gravitational constant on the evolution of orbits of Meteor Streams is examined by using the method of celestial mechanics with variable mass and variable gravitational constant. The change in the heliocentric gravitational constant includes the combined changes in the sun’s mass and gravitational constant obtained from the modern observation of planets and spacecraft. The perturbation equations are solved by expanding series with mean anomaly. The solutions of the secular and periodic variation of orbital elements are derived. The theoretical results for the secular variables of the semi-major axes, solar distances at perihelion and orbital periods are given for three Meteor Streams: Dracorids, Quadrantids, and Ursids. The numerical results are shown in Table 2. The discussion and conclusion are drawn.     

Observations of the Galilean moons of Jupiter in 2013–2015 at Pulkovo

Observational results are presented for Jupiter and its Galilean moons from the Normal Astrograph at Pulkovo Observatory in 2013–2015. The following data are obtained: 154 positions of the Galilean satellites and 47 calculated positions of Jupiter in the system of the UCAC4 (ICRS, J2000.0) catalogue; the differential coordinates of the satellites relative to one another are determined. The mean errors of the satellites’ normal places in right ascension and declination over the entire observational period are, respectively: ε_α = 0.0065″ and ε_δ = 0.0068″, and their standard deviations are σ_α = 0.0804″ and σ_δ = 0.0845″. The equatorial coordinates are compared with planetary and satellite motion theories. The average (O–C) residuals in the two coordinates relative to the motion theories are 0.05″ or less. The best agreement with the observations is achieved by a combination of the EPM2011m and V. Lainey-V.2.0|V1.1 motion theories; the average (O–C) residuals are 0.03″ or less. The (O–C) residuals for the features of the positions of Io and Ganymede are comparable with measurement errors. Jupiter’s positions calculated from the observations of the satellites and their theoretical jovicentric coordinates are in good agreement with the motion theories. The (О–С) residuals for Jupiter’s coordinates are, on average, 0.027″ and–0.025″ in the two coordinates.     

Analytical method for the effects of the asteroid belt on planetary orbits

Analytic expressions are derived for the perturbation of planetary orbits due to a thick constant density asteroid belt. The derivations include extensions and adaptations of Plakhov's analytic expressions for the perturbations in five of the orbital elements for closed orbits around Saturn's rings. The equations of Plakhov are modified to include the effect of ring thickness and additional equations are derived for the perturbations in the sixth orbital element, the mean anomaly. The gravitational potential and orbital perturbations are derived for the asteroid belt with and without thickness, and for a hoop approximation to the belt. The procedures are also applicable to Saturn's rings and the newly discovered rings of Uranus.The effects of the asteroid belt thickness on the gravitational potential coefficients and the orbital motions are demonstrated. Comparisons between the Mars orbital perturbations obtained using the analytic expressions and those obtained using numerical integration are discussed. The effects of the asteroid belt on the Earth based ranging to Mars are also demonstrated.     

图象的模型及其统计特性

本文对图象的统计特性及其适用模型作了分析。讨论了以前常用的平稳图象模型的缺陷,对实际图象的统计特性作了分析,认为它是非平稳的,不满足各态历经性,同时在空间上是高度相关的;讨论了相应的随机参数统计模型和描述性统计模型。指出作用于整幅图象的“全局”图象复原算法比每次只独立计算单个象元的“点”图象复原算法更为优越。     

Effect of perturbation of coriolis and centrifugal forces on the location and linear stability of the libration points in the robe problem

The locations and linear stability of the main libration points in Robe's restricted three-body problem under perturbed Coriolis and centrifugal forces are investigated. The perturbed locations of these points are given. The perturbation magnitude of their locations and linear stability are estimated. The results obtained by Shrivastava and Garain^[10] are improved.