基于冗余递减匹配的星图识别方法

空间目标光学观测过程中,当望远镜的指向误差与跟踪误差显著时,很难使用邻域匹配的方法完成背景恒星的配准.基于星对角距冗余递减匹配的思想,实现了一种背景恒星的高效识别方法.利用多种条件下的仿真星图以及实测图像进行了试验,结果表明,方法提高了识别成功率,且耗时少,可以准确、快速地完成星图匹配工作.     

基于CCD星图的空间目标精确光学定位方法研究

通过光学定位方法来确定空间目标的轨道是实现空间目标监测的重要手段之一。介绍一套小型的空间目标光学定位系统,针对该系统获取的CCD星图,提出Top-hat变换和中值滤波相结合的算法去除星图噪声,并提出基于梯度Hough变换的算法完成对CCD星图星点和轨迹的同时精确定位,最后利用星角距的旋转不变性和球面几何原理,实现对空间目标的精确定位。对分辨率为752×580的CCD实拍星图的应用研究结果表明,星图去噪算法和星点、轨迹同时精确定位算法是有效的,且空间目标的定位精度也可达到角秒量级。     

基于Python的自动测光程序设计与实现

本文基于Python设计和实现自动测光程序。首先扫描文件名实现文件分类;然后进行数据检查、预处理与孔径测光,并保存测光数据;最终由观测者指定目标星与比较星,程序从测光结果中提取相应星等与观测时间等数据,获得基于较差测光法的光变曲线。为解决数据提取中星图匹配问题,提出自动追踪移动目标的基于向量特征星图匹配算法,能自动匹配偏移较大的星图,并跟踪不断移动的小行星。使用本程序分别处理双星和小行星观测数据,并与IRAF(Image Reducation and Analysis Facility)测光结果比较,测光结果最大偏差分别为0.04 mag和0.043 mag,标准偏差分别为±0.005 mag和±0.007 mag。     

利用星敏感器的卫星及星座自主定轨方法研究与应用

卫星自主定轨是卫星自主导航中的关键技术,其概念是指卫星在不借助地面站系统测控情况下直接在星上实现轨道参数的自主确定,实时确定卫星飞行的位置和速度.国际上已提出了诸如利用星敏感器测量、地球磁强计测量、利用掩星时刻测量以及近年来非常热门的利用X-ray脉冲星信号相位测量等多种算法来实现卫星自主导航.其中利用星敏感器测量的自主导航方法具有成本低、研制周期短、可观测条件强以及观测设备技术成熟等优点,其可行性和经济效益比较突出,是一种非常值得采用的自主导航方法.国内外对星敏感器自主导航的研究,基本还是原理方法的论述以及简单仿真验证研究.本论文对卫星利用星敏感器的自主导航算法进行了研究,通过建立逼真的卫星运行平台,充分考     

适用于大视场的快速星像匹配算法

基于CCD图像的天文观测中,星像匹配是一项基本的任务。提出一种基于k-d树和k-means聚类算法的星像匹配算法,应用三角形不变性元组对相似三角形进行盲匹配,算法可以间接计算CCD图像的比例尺。三次使用k-d树优化计算,并使用k-means聚类算法对图像进行分割,提高星像匹配的精度。使用云南天文台1 m望远镜拍摄的稀疏星场和2.4 m望远镜拍摄的密集星场进行了星像匹配算法的测试。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地自适应图像比例尺的微小变化,同时提高星像匹配的精度。     

两种快速星像匹配算法的比较

星像的位置和亮度等信息对天文研究和空间导航具有基础意义。人们常常需要快速匹配从密集星场CCD图像中提取的信息来获取与星表中对应的信息(如位置、光度等),因此开发出了多种星像匹配算法。重点比较了两种最新的星像匹配算法:i)基于向量的方法;ii)基于径向和环向特征的方法。通过对云南天文台1m望远镜观测的CCD图像进行实际匹配,结果表明基于向量的方法更优,它是一种快速的、接近常数时间的匹配算法。     

谈谈爱好者星图的选用

每个天文爱好者都知道,星图是观天认星必不可少的工具之一。如同在大海中航行需要用到航海图,外出旅行作业需要当地地图一样,进行天文观测常需要用到星图。 星图种类繁多,有供专业天文工作者使用的不可见光波段巡天图及各种射电巡天图等等。也有大量供     

变星观测攻略之五--变星寻星技巧介绍

在寻找变星的时候,我们需要使用合适的星图把变星和星空联系起来,不同的变星需要的星图也不一样。变星的类型、亮度、位置等决定了观测（寻找）它需要的星图,同时也决定了观测它的难度。下面我们通过一些典型的例子来了解不同难度的变星的寻星方法和技巧。     

《世纪天图》出版

许多读者盼望已久的8.5等星星图--《世纪天图》终于出版了。北京天文馆编印的这套星图原名为SKYATLAS(天图),系现代著名星图专家荷兰的W.Tirion的成名之作,他在吸收了《捷克星图》的诸多优     

机器视觉高斯拟合法自动导星定心系统设计

丽江2.4m光学望远镜自动导星系统升级改造需要计算CCD图像中实际星像中心的位置,在现有导星定心算法的基础上,利用机器视觉Canny边缘检测和椭圆拟合的方法识别星像轮廓,然后对星像直接二维高斯拟合,计算星像中心位置.研究了导星算法中涉及的天光背景参数、星像轮廓识别所需阈值、星像拟合边界参数的整定方法,总结出有效的自动导星定心方法,并开发了基于Linux平台的高速自动导星定心系统软件.软件对星像的高斯拟合结果与IRAF软件高斯拟合结果一致;同一天区相邻时间图像中星像中心偏移量计算结果也表明算法的有效性.     

A software package for evaluating the performance of a star sensor operation

We have developed a low-cost off-the-shelf component star sensor (StarSense) for use in minisatellites and CubeSats to determine the attitude of a satellite in orbit. StarSense is an imaging camera with a limiting magnitude of 6.5, which extracts information from star patterns it records in the images. The star sensor implements a centroiding algorithm to find centroids of the stars in the image, a Geometric Voting algorithm for star pattern identification, and a QUEST algorithm for attitude quaternion calculation. Here, we describe the software package to evaluate the performance of these algorithms as a star sensor single operating system. We simulate the ideal case where sky background and instrument errors are omitted, and a more realistic case where noise and camera parameters are added to the simulated images. We evaluate such performance parameters of the algorithms as attitude accuracy, calculation time, required memory, star catalog size, sky coverage, etc., and estimate the errors introduced by each algorithm. This software package is written for use in MATLAB. The testing is parametrized for different hardware parameters, such as the focal length of the imaging setup, the field of view (FOV) of the camera, angle measurement accuracy, distortion effects, etc., and therefore, can be applied to evaluate the performance of such algorithms in any star sensor. For its hardware implementation on our StarSense, we are currently porting the codes in form of functions written in C. This is done keeping in view its easy implementation on any star sensor electronics hardware.     

球状星团M4中的一颗新红变星

G302=L3107是球状星团M4中的一颗红星，目前还没有自行或视线速度的测定，Greenstein和Lee分别给出此星的星等和色指数为：     

A High-accuracy, Small Field of View Star Guider with Application to SNAP

To accomplish its mission, the spaceborne observatory SNAP (SuperNova Acceleration Probe) requires a pointing stability of <0.03 arcseconds during exposures lasting up to 500 sec. A Monte Carlo simulation of the photoelectron statistics from the guiding star investigates geometrical (such as the pixel size of the detector or the plate scale) and physical parameters (such as the magnitude of the star). It is shown that simple centroiding calculations can lead to the desired accuracy with guide stars as faint as magnitude 16. Availability of these stars is verified thanks to the HST Guide Star Catalog complemented with a statistical model of the distribution of stars. Thus a through-the-lens sensor that uses stars as faint as magnitude 16 to provide the necessary guiding signals is feasible. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

应用X射线源的航天器姿态测量

在介绍X射线源和X射线探测器、准直器的基础上,重点描述了应用X射线源测量航天器姿态参数的原理和方法。对X射线星扫描仪的结构、扫描观测X射线源方法和矩形准直器响应函数等做了介绍,较详细地论述了应用单准直器X射线星扫描仪和差分准直器X射线星扫描仪确定航天器姿态参数的测量模型,并进行了二者间的比较和分析。简单讨论了X射线星扫描仪测量建模和应用测量模型拟合航天器姿态参数的算法问题。最后,对采用编码孔径系统确定航天器姿态参数的方法做了概括性介绍。     

Static telescope aberration measurement using lucky imaging techniques

A procedure has been developed to compute static aberrations once the telescope PSF has been measured with the lucky imaging technique, using a nearby star close to the object of interest as the point source to probe the optical system. This PSF is iteratively turned into a phase map at the pupil using the Gerchberg?CSaxton algorithm and then converted to the appropriate actuation information for a deformable mirror having low actuator number but large stroke capability. The main advantage of this procedure is related with the capability of correcting static aberration at the specific pointing direction and without the need of a wavefront sensor.     

Spin-one color superconductivity in compact stars?—an analysis within NJL-type models

We present results of a microscopic calculation using NJL-type model of possible spin-one pairings in two flavor quark matter for applications in compact star phenomenology. We focus on the color-spin locking phase (CSL) in which all quarks pair in a symmetric way, in which color and spin rotations are locked. The CSL condensate is particularly interesting for compact star applications since it is flavor symmetric and could easily satisfy charge neutrality. Moreover, the fact that in this phase all quarks are gapped might help to suppress the direct Urca process, consistent with cooling models. The order of magnitude of these small gaps (≃1 MeV) will not influence the EoS, but their also small critical temperatures (T _c ≃800 keV) could be relevant in the late stages neutron star evolution, when the temperature falls below this value and a CSL quark core could form. D.N.A. work and attendance to the meeting was supported by VESF-Fellowships EGO-DIR-112/2005.     

GD-1星流金属丰度与运动特性分析

星流在星系形成与演化过程中扮演了重要的角色,对银河系中星流的研究将有助于进一步探究银河系的合并历史.将LAMOST(Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)DR6光谱数据以及SDSS(Sloan Digital Sky Survey)DR12光谱数据分别与Gaia(Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics)DR2天体测量数据交叉匹配,获得恒星自行等数据.对GD-1星流在速度空间、几何空间和金属丰度上进行限制,从LAMOST DR6和SDSS DR12数据中共获得了157颗星流成员星.GD-1星流的平均金属丰度为[Fe/H]=-2.16±0.10 dex,延伸长度超过80°.收集前人给出的GD-1星流高概率成员星,组成较大的成员星样本进行对比分析,发现GD-1星流的金属丰度分布呈现内低外高的特点,沿着星流方向径向速度分布特点是两端大、中间小,?₁=-20°(?₁为GD-1星流坐标系横坐标)和?₁=-60°附近的间隙是因为成员星运动差异形成的.根据成员星分布及其速度分布特性,推测GD-1星流起源位置是在?₁=-40°附近.     

On the shell star pleione (BU Tauri)

BU Tauri (Pleione) an interesting star in the Pleiades cluster, has been observed spectrophotometrically. The energy distribution curves of the star have been discussed vis a vis model atmospheres for normal stars in the appropriate range of temperature and effective gravity. The changes in the energy distribution curve noticed during our observations and previous observations taken from the literature have been pointed out. On the basis of the measured Há emission equivalent width, a rough estimate of the dimensions of the extended envelope of the star has been made.     

从《大统通占》星表重新考察明初的恒星观测---兼论传统星官的变化

《大统通占》是明初钦天监编纂的占书,其中保存了一些明初恒星观测数据.试图以此重新考察明初的恒星观测情况.首先,分析了该书的成书年代,指出其应完成于永乐四年至二十三年之间.然后,以依巴谷星表(2007)为标准,对该书记载恒星数据的赤纬误差进行傅里叶分析,发现这些数据应观测于洪武年间,且其精度达到明末以前星表的最高水平.另外,梳理了明初钦天监观测恒星的条件,认为其观测水平的提高与郭守敬对仪器的改进措施密切相关.最后,对这份精密星表的研究也进一步揭示了古代星官发生的历史变化.     

Star Formation in Violent and Normal Evolutionary Phases

Mergers of massive gas-rich galaxies trigger violent starbursts that - over timescales of > 100 Myr and regions > 10 kpc - form massive and compact star clusters comparable in mass and radii to Galactic globular clusters. The star formation efficiency is higher by 1–2 orders of magnitude in these bursts than in undisturbed spirals, irregulars or even BCDs. We ask the question if star formation in these extreme regimes is just a scaled-up version of the normal star formation mode of if the formation of globular clusters reveals fundamentally different conditions. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.