利用向-位错组合模型研究龙门山断裂带的三维运动

提出描述断层滑动和转动的向-位错组合模型。利用实测的2008年汶川大地震GPS同震数据,基于向-位错组合模型,采用粒子群算法反演了主破裂带的三维滑动和转动,并将滑动结果与前人成果进行对比,最后由正演计算进一步验证反演结果的可靠性。理论分析和模型计算结果表明：1) 震源破裂的主要特征是逆冲兼右旋走滑;2) 龙门山断裂的滑动和转动有明显的分段性特征;3) 汶川地震的地震矩为7.069×1020 Nm,矩震级为7.899。向-位错组合模型反演结果与前人成果保持了很好的一致性。     

基于GPS和水准数据的微粒群算法联合反演祁连山北缘断裂三维滑动速率

将微粒群算法与位错理论模型相结合，采用中国地壳运动观测网络提供的青藏高原地区2001~2004年GPS测量数据和2000~2006年水准测量数据，通过常规定权和附有相对权比的方法对祁连山北缘断裂的三维滑动速率进行联合反演，并与蚁群算法反演结果进行对比。结果表明，微粒群算法收敛速度快、稳定性高，结合经典位错理论模型，是一种可以有效求解断层三维滑动速率反演问题的优化算法，在大地测量反演领域极具应用潜力。     

GPS约束下的2022年台湾MW6.9地震破裂滑动分布

利用9个GPS站水平和垂直向形变数据反演2022年台湾M_W6.9地震破裂滑动分布。结果表明,此次地震破裂至地表,滑移以走滑为主兼逆冲分量,主要沿NNE向延伸,有2个破裂集中区,共释放地震矩约5.73×10¹⁹ Nm。基于GPS观测和位错理论模型对此次地震的地表形变进行分析,认为同震形变整体上符合台湾岛东海岸区域构造运动特征,菲律宾海板块俯冲欧亚板块是中央山脉断裂活动的主要动力来源。     

利用GPS资料反演祁连山断层的三维滑动速率

以位错理论模型为基础,导出了利用GPS观测的水平位移场速率数据反演断层的走滑、倾滑和张开三维运动速率分布的最佳估计反演计算公式,并利用青藏高原东北缘1999~2001年间GPS观测的位移场速率对祁连山断裂的三维运动速率分布进行了反演计算研究。结果表明,祁连山断裂活动速率在断层倾滑方向上明显大于走滑方向和张开方向,而且具有空间分布的不均匀性特征。     

论多种数据联合反演的模式及算法

针对日益丰富的数据资料，综述了大地测量反演的发展进程，论述了多种数据联合反演的意义和必要性，给出了兼顾权比确定的大地测量、地震和地质三类数据的联合反演模式及采用水准测量、GPS和重力三种数据联合反演断层参数的具体公式，特别介绍了求解优化问题所有全局最优解的区间算法，并给出了基本算例，结果体现了区间算法无可比拟的优越性及其在大地测量反演领域中的应用前景。     

重力数据反演鲜水河断裂三维滑动速率

分别将粒子群算法、遗传算法、蒙特卡洛法与位错理论模型相结合,利用已知纯走滑单断层参数正演模拟出的重力变化数据,对单断层三维滑动速率进行反演计算,分析并选取最优的非线性算法。利用2013-09~2014-09和2014-09 ~2015-04两期地面重力数据反演鲜水河断裂三维滑动速率,结果显示：1）粒子群算法相对于遗传算法、蒙特卡洛法收敛性较好、稳定性强、精确度高;2）鲜水河断裂带具有明显的分段差异性且不同段处滑动速率大小不同,该断裂以左旋走滑为主,整体呈逆冲断层,局部兼有挤压;3）2014-09~2015-04地面重力数据反演鲜水河断裂断层走滑、倾滑参数大于2013-09~2014-09重力数据反演结果,这可能与2014-11-22康定6.3级地震有一定关系。     

安宁河-则木河-小江断裂带闭锁特征研究

分别利用1999~2007年和2009~2014年多期GPS观测获取的水平速度场数据,采用负位错反演模型,研究安宁河-则木河-小江断裂带的滑动速率和闭锁程度空间分布特征,同时结合历史强震记录,分析这几条断裂的地震危险性。结果显示：1)安宁河断裂和则木河断裂滑动速率受汶川地震影响有所减弱,小江断裂滑动速率在汶川地震后基本保持不变;2)则木河断裂中段和小江断裂的断层闭锁程度受汶川地震影响而显著加强,安宁河断裂、则木河断裂的西昌和巧家以北区域的闭锁程度基本不受汶川地震的影响;3)汶川地震发生前后,安宁河断裂的石棉-冕宁段、则木河断裂的西昌与巧家以北区域和小江断裂的通海-建水段闭锁深度均在20 km以上。结合历史强震记录和其他方法的研究结果,三者在未来一段时间内发生强震的危险性要高于其他断层段。     

2015年尼泊尔Mw7.9地震震前断层闭锁与同震位移特征分析

对尼泊尔震前的GPS水平速度场进行融合处理,获得跨喜马拉雅中东段沿N15°E方向的GPS水平速度场剖面。采用弹性半空间矩形位错模拟反演,结果表明,尼泊尔地震前喜马拉雅主前缘断裂带存在浅部闭锁,深部无震蠕滑,闭锁深度为22.5km,蠕滑段滑动速率为19.0mm/a,断层倾角为10°。GPS观测的同震形变场揭示了尼泊尔地震引起的地壳形变特征,最大同震位移位于尼泊尔境内的KKN4,该站向南移动1.89m;地震还在我国藏南地区造成最大0.54m的永久形变。距离震中400km以外GPS观测到的同震形变微弱,在误差范围之内。依据GPS同震水平位移在N15°E方向的位移剖面,采用矩形位错模型简单模拟了尼泊尔地震的同震破裂。结果显示,GPS同震位移剖面可以用喜马拉雅冲断带前缘主断裂(MFT)以北的基底低角度逆断层引起的弹性位错模拟,浅部的主前缘逆冲断裂、主边界逆冲断裂和主中央逆冲断裂等分支并没有破裂。     

远场GPS同震位移的变形特征分析——以2011年日本东北大地震为例

利用2011日本东北大地震的亚洲东部GPS远场水平位移数据,通过计算及比较分析4个独立震源解和倾/滑角效应,研究了远场地震变形的空间分布特征和规律。结果表明,对于低角度逆冲型地震来说,水平位移格林函数在远场位移场中占主导作用。基于此确定了远场GPS水平位移场能在反演中有效利用的空间范围,为联合远场GPS数据和近场GPS数据反演断层滑动分布作理论准备,并为远场数据反演位错Love数（h、l）提供理论依据。     

基于GPS资料研究红河断裂带现今闭锁程度与地震危险性

基于2009~2015年中国大陆GPS水平速度场数据，采用DEFNODE负位错反演程序计算红河断裂带的断层闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率特征，并结合小震精定位结果分析该断裂带的强震危险性。结果表明，GPS水平观测值与模型值的拟合结果较好，小震分布与闭锁程度结果存在一定的相关性，红河断裂的中段北部（南涧-墨江）基本完全闭锁，断层的滑动亏损速率也相对较大，该段落具有发生较大地震的可能性；红河断裂带其余段落闭锁程度较弱，尤其是断裂带的南段，在2~5 km深度处基本由闭锁状态转化为蠕滑状态，断层的滑动亏损速率也相应很小，该段发生较大地震的可能性较小。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a