遥感与GIS的青海湖岸线分维研究

讨论了TM图像以及分形几何学对青海湖岸线问题的求解算法,同时估算了不同像元尺度下,青海湖的岸线长度得出青海湖岸线的分形维数为1.0237,并探讨了其地学意义,研究表明,分形维数不仅是一种可行的表达岸线特征的方法,而且岸线分维数的计算可大大减少工作量和提高工作效率,可见遥感与GIS技术在岸线分维数的计算中,具有十分良好的应用前景。     

分形定量选择遥感影像最佳空间分辨率的方法与实验

遥感影像观测尺度是遥感信息提取研究的重要内容之一,也是遥感信息提取的焦点。以往,遥感影像尺度特征的分析大多基于地统计学,其主要体现遥感影像中的线性特征,而实质上遥感影像中既存在线性特征,又存在非线性特征。因此,在深入剖析遥感影像尺度效应及分形特征机理的基础上,本文探讨了分形理论定量选择遥感影像最佳空间分辨率（也称最佳像元观测尺度）的方法。以IKONOS全色影像的建筑用地、耕地、林地为研究对象,分别使用FBM、DBM、TPM 3种分形维数计算模型,实现了3种地物在不同空间分辨率下分形维数的计算。实验结果表明,每种地物的分形维数是随空间分辨率的增大,总体呈下降趋势,且在某些特征空间分辨率上会出现拐点。从遥感影像尺度效应分析可知,遥感影像空间格局随尺度的不同,其内部结构也不同。且随着尺度的增大,很多细节将会被忽略,影像的粗糙度也随着降低。而分形维数是目前为止描述对象自相似性和不规则度的唯一基本量化值,其直观上与物体表面的粗糙程度相吻合。因此,这些拐点对应的分形维数对地物的最佳空间分辨率的选择具有一定指示意义。通过本文研究可知,使用分形理论方法研究遥感影像最佳空间分辨率（或最佳像元观测尺度）,打破以往观测尺度方法研究范畴,从不同角度去分析遥感影像观测尺度问题对GIS研究与地学应用具有一定的理论和指导意义。     

低渗透碎屑岩储层孔隙结构分形维数计算方法——以川中地区须家河组储层41块岩样为例

为对比基于含水饱和度和汞饱和度2种方法计算低渗透碎屑岩储层孔隙结构分形维数的优劣性,分别采用2种方法对川中地区须家河组41块储集岩的毛细管压力曲线进行分形维数计算.结果表明:采用汞饱和度计算的孔隙结构分形维数与排驱压力、分选因数等表征储层孔隙结构的参数相关性较好.随着岩样分形维数增大,排驱压力增大、分选因数减小,相关性明显.采用含水饱和度计算的孔隙结构分形维数与排驱压力、分选因数等相关性较差.在条件许可时,可利用恒速压汞实验计算储集岩孔隙结构分形维数.     

A NEW INDEX OF QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON THE DRAINAGE GEOMORPHY SYSTEM

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Study on the fractal character of magnetic anomaly fields and the delineation of tectonic elements in the South China Sea

INTRODUCTION~hon0ffornjcelmtSwnthebasisofthestudyonthecrustaldefonnationanddeVel0prnent,thedistributionofndnereIs,andthendnerogeneticlawr.ThegeornagneticfieklisthecomP0siterefledionoftheformati0nanddefortnationofthecrust.Sornagnct-icsLLrVeydatacomPriseirnPortantbasisfordelincatingthearchiteCtonicelements,dCtendningtheirboundarylines,andanalopngthesanndarystrudriineachelernent,whicharetthernaintasks0fgoophySicalworkers.Thegoornagneticdelineati0nofanareahadforlongbodonequalitativeybyobs…     

ON FRACTAL MECHANISM OF COASTLINE —A Case Study of China

MANDELBROT enunciated the uncertainty of the length of a coastline in his paper“How long is the coast-line of Britain?“ published in “Science“in 1967.The fractal concept was presented for the first time in that paper and has been applied to many fields ever since.According to the fractal theory and conditions of fractal research of coastline,the controls of faults and biologic function on the fractal character of coastline are preliminarily discussed on the basis of GIS in this paper.Finally,some significant conclusions are drawn:1)the faults control the basic trends of coastlines of two study areas;2)the fractal dimension of coastline of Taiwan is smaller than that of Changle-Lufent,because the faults of Taiwan more intensely control the trend and fractal dimension of the coastline;3)the larger the fractal dimension of the faults or the major faults ,the more the controlling effect of them on the trend and fractal dimension of coastline;4)the larger fractal dimension of the coastline of Changle-Lufeng indicates that the biologic function intensely shapes the coastline .In a word ,the controls of faults and biologic function on the fractal character of coastline are discussed with a case study of China in this paper,it can be seen that faults and biologic function both have influence over the trend and fractal dimension of coastline,the fractal mechanism of coastline of two study areas may be so.     

Analysis on structure of igneous formation with fractal dimension of logs

Reflecting the structure of igneous formation by calculating fractal dimension of logs, the fractal di- mension of pyroclastic is larger than lava. Structure of pyroclastic is more complicated than that of lava, so reflecting the structure of igneous formation＇s complexity with fractal dimension is feasible. It is feasible to reflect the structure of igneous formation＇s complexity with fractal dimension.     

INFLUENCE OF SERIES OF SQUARE GRIDS ON FRACTAL DIMENSIONS—A Case Study of Mountains of China＇s Mainland

MANDELBROT enunciated the uncertainty of the length of a coastline in his paper “How long is the coastline of Britain?” published in Science in 1967. The fractal concept was presented for the first time in that paper and has been applied to many fields ever since. Although fractal dimensions of lots of phenomena were calculated by the box-counting method, the quantitative influence of series of square grids on them is ignored. The issue is systematically discussed as a case study of the mountains of China‘s Mainland in this paper. And some significant conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) Although the fractal character objectively exists in the mountains of China‘s Mainland, and it does not vary with the changes of series of square grids, the fractal dimensions of the mountains of China‘s Mainland are different with these changes. 2) The fractal dimensions of the mountains of China‘s Mainlandvary with the average lengths of sides of series of square grids. The fractal dimension of the mountains of China‘s Mainland is the function of the average length of side of square grid. They conform to the formula D=f(r) (where D is the fractal dimension, and r is the average length of side of square grid). 3) Different dots of data collection can affect the fractal dimension of the mountains of China‘s Mainland. 4) The same range of length of side of square grid and dots of data collection can ensure the comparison of fractal dimensions of the mountains of China‘ s Mainland. The research is helpful to get the more understanding of fractal and fractal dimension, and ensure that the fractal studies would be scientific.     

Analysis on structure of igneous formation with fractal dimension of logs

Reflecting the structure of igneous formation by calculating fractal dimension of logs, the fractal dimension of pyroclastic is larger than lava. Structure of pyroclastic is more complicated than that of lava, so reflecting the structure of igneous formation's complexity with fractal dimension is feasible. It is feasible to refleet the structure of igneous formation's complexity with fractal dimension.     

2000-2014年中国重特大煤矿事故时空分布分形特征

本文汇总整理了2000-2014年中国发生的472起重特大煤矿事故,获得其空间分布状况;基于分形理论,利用网格法统计不同网格尺度下覆盖重特大煤矿事故的非空网格中的事故数量,计算煤矿事故的全国、三大自然地理区以及干湿分区的分维值,分析其空间分布分形特征;利用R/S方法研究15年来重特大煤矿事故发生的时间分形特征。研究表明,从全国范围来看,重特大煤矿事故具有较好的空间分形特性,但不同区域的重特大煤矿事故的分形特性却具有很大差别。15年来发生重特大事故数量及事故死亡人数逐年下降,由R/S分析得到的Hurst指数表明事故时间序列的分形特征客观存在,并且年发生事故数量及事故死亡人数量减少趋势。