南海区4种鲷鱼精子的适盐性比较

研究了盐度对黄鳍鲷Ｓｐａｒｕｓ ｌａｔｕｓ Ｈｏｕｔｔｕｙｎ,平鲷Ｒｈａｂｄｏｓａｒｇｕｓ ｓａｒｂａ９Ｆｏｒｓｋａｌ）,黑鲷Ｓｐａｒｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ９Ｂａｓｉｌｅｗｓｋｙ）和真鲷Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓ ｍａｊｏｒ（Ｔｅｍｍｉｎｃｋ ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｌｅｇｅｌ）４种鲷鱼精子活力的影响。对南海区４种鲷鱼精子的适盐性及其活力进行了比较,黄鳍鲷,平鲷,黑鲷和真鲷精子激活所需的最低盐度分别为８,     

pH对4种鲷鱼精子活力的影响

用不同ｐＨ的海水对真鲷（Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓ ｍａｊｏｒ）、平鲷（Ｒｈａｂｄｏｓａｒｇｕｓ ｓａｒｂａ）、黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）和黄鳍鲷（Ｓ．ｌａｔｕｓ）精子进行激活实验。结果表明，四种鲷鱼精子对ｐＨ的适应范围较广，其最适ｐＨ值与其生态习性相关。     

pH对4种鲷鱼精子活力的影响

用不同 ｐＨ 的海水对真鲷（Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍ ｕｓ ｍ ａｊｏｒ）、平鲷（Ｒｈａｂｄｏｓａｒｇｕｓ ｓａｒｂａ）、黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓｍ ａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）和黄鳍鲷（Ｓ．ｌａｔｕｓ）精子进行激活实验。结果表明，四种鲷鱼精子对ｐＨ 的适应范围较广，其最适ｐＨ 值与其生态习性相关。     

4种鲷科鱼种内细胞色素b基因序列的保守性

对真鲷(Pagrosomus major)、黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)、黑鲷(S.macrocephalus)和平鲷(Rhabdosargus sarba)的线粒体DNA细胞色素b 405bP序列进行测定。结果发现，4种鲷科鱼种内碱基的变异较低，真鲷为0．25％，黄鳍鲷为0．74％，黑鲷和平鲷均为0；真鲷有4种单倍型，黄鳍鲷有2种单倍型，黑鲷和平鲷分别为1种单倍型，且单倍型间变异位点很少，真鲷有3个变异位点，黄鳍鲷仅有1个变异位点，而黑鲷和平鲷无变异位点。结果表明，细胞色素b基因在这4种鲷科鱼种内是相当保守的。     

4种鲷科鱼种内细胞色素b基因序列的保守性

对真鲷 (Pagrosomusmajor)、黄鳍鲷 (Sparuslatus)、黑鲷 (S .macrocephalus)和平鲷 (Rhabdosar gussarba )的线粒体DNA细胞色素b 4 0 5bp序列进行测定。结果发现 ,4种鲷科鱼种内碱基的变异较低 ,真鲷为 0 .2 5% ,黄鳍鲷为 0 .74 % ,黑鲷和平鲷均为 0 ;真鲷有 4种单倍型 ,黄鳍鲷有 2种单倍型 ,黑鲷和平鲷分别为 1种单倍型 ,且单倍型间变异位点很少 ,真鲷有 3个变异位点 ,黄鳍鲷仅有 1个变异位点 ,而黑鲷和平鲷无变异位点。结果表明 ,细胞色素b基因在这 4种鲷科鱼种内是相当保守的。     

黄鳍鲷细菌性溃疡病致病菌研究

研究了黄鳍鲷细菌性溃疡病的病原。从患病濒死的黄鳍鲷体内分离到两株细菌,经人工感染试验确定为致病菌,通过测定其形态及生理生化特性得出：致病菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生单鞭毛,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,氧化酶阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性,发酵乳糖,甘露醇发酵阳性,明胶酶阳性,在70g／LNaCl培养基中生长良好,对O／129不敏感;由于两株菌对山梨醇、水扬苷、七叶苷及麦芽糖等氧化发酵的结果不一致,分别被鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌不产气亚种（Aeromonashydropilaanaerogenes）和温和气单胞菌（A．sobria）变异亚种。药敏试验显示,两个菌株对氯霉素高度敏感而对氟哌酸中度敏感。两株菌对黄鳍鲷的半致死剂量（按每g鱼计算）分别为2．3×106个菌体和2．6×105个菌体。     

南海海域4种笛鲷的微卫星DNA分析

摘要：采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，从20对西大西洋笛鲷（Lutjanus campechamus）的微卫星引物中筛选适用于红鳍笛鲷（L．erythopterus）、勒氏笛鲷（L.russellii）、紫红笛鲷（L.argentimaculatus）和约氏笛鲷（L.johnii）基因组分析的微卫星引物，分析4种笛鲷的遗传多样性及系统发生。经反应条件的优化，从20对引物中筛选出17对可稳定扩增出特异片段的引物。通过测序证实扩增产物含微卫星位点后，以该17对引物对4个种的群体进行遗传多样性分析。其中16对可在约氏笛鲷、勒氏笛鲷、紫红笛鲷基因组中扩增出重复性好的特异性条带，分别有65％、65％、60％呈现出种内多态：15对可在红鳍笛鲷中扩增出重复性好的特异性条带，并且全部呈现出种内多态。四种笛鲷中，红鳍笛鲷的多态性最高，高度多态基因座占检测座位的66．67％；勒氏笛鲷的多态性最低，低度多态基因座占43．75％。获得3个种间特异性分子标记。用风和DA两种方法计算4种笛鲷的遗传距离，构建了系统发生树。     

二长棘鲷和黄鳍鲷骨骼系统的比较

对二长棘鲷和黄鳍鲷的骨骼系统进行了比较研究。结果表明,二长棘鲷脑颅中的上筛骨、侧筛骨、额骨、眶下骨、蝶耳骨、上枕骨,咽颅中的前上额骨、腭骨、舌额骨、齿骨、鳃盖骨、尾舌骨、咽鳃骨等与黄鳍鲷相应部分的骨骼有明显差异,某些特征可作属间或种间的鉴别依据。     

穿体标志对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长、存活及脱标的影响

研究了不同幼鱼规格、标志部位和消毒处理对黄鳍鲷存活的影响,探讨了不同标志部位幼鱼的脱标情况。结果显示,不同规格、标志部位和消毒处理对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的存活无显著差异;但标志后进行1次消毒处理可使黄鳍鲷的存活稳定期提早一天出现。标志部位对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的存活有显著影响,以背鳍棘基部肌肉标志的存活率为最高,达87.0%;背鳍棘膜标志的存活率其次,为75.2%;而背鳍条基部肌肉标志的存活率最低,仅68.0%;死亡高峰均出现在标志后前3 d。幼鱼规格对脱标无影响,但标志部位对脱标影响显著。在肌肉做标志均未脱标,而在鳍棘膜做标志的全部脱标。表明黄鳍鲷幼鱼可在背鳍棘基部肌肉进行穿体标志,暂养4 d后进行放流。     

平鲷Rhabdosargus sarba（Forskal）幼鱼耗氧率的初步研究

采用流水呼吸装置研究平鲷的耗氧率。结果表明：平鲷幼鱼的耗氧量随幼鱼体重的增加而增加，耗氧量与体重的关系式为Ｙ＝１．２６２Ｘ＾０．８０２或Ｙ＝０．５６０＋０．７７２Ｘ。平鲷幼鱼的耗氧率随幼鱼体重的增加而下降，耗氧率与体重的关系式为Ｙ＝１２５２．１５５Ｘ＾－０．２０９或Ｙ＝１３５５．２８３－９８．０４３Ｘ．盐度变化对平鲷幼鱼的代谢水平有很大的影响。平鲷幼鱼的代谢水平存在着明暗变化，水流越快、耗氧时越高。     

Spermiogenesis in the yellowfin porgy (Sparus latus Houttuyn), with emphasis on the associated mitochondrion

Transmission electron microscopy of the yellowfin porgy (Sparus latus Houttuyn) spermatozoa ultrastructure showed the spermatozoon as a primitive type made up of the acrosomeless head, the flagellum, and the midpiece, at the periphery of which was a relatively big mitochondrion with more complex structure. It was found that during spermiogenesis, only one relatively big mitochondrion occurred in both the spermatid and the spermatozoon. This is different from other teleost fishes. During spemiogenesis, the mitochondria number is one, and morphology did not change. All these are different from those of other fishes.     

SPERMIOGENESIS IN THE YELLOWFIN PORGY (SPARUS LATUS HOUTTUYN), WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ASSOCIATED MITOCHONDRION

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ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION AND BREEDING OF MARINE FISH IN CHINA

Since the 1990s, artificial propagation and breeding technique of marine fish in China have developed by way of increasing species and fry numbers, with special stress laid on valuable species. Large quantities of artificial fry can meet the needs of both marine cage culture and pond culture for most species. Experimental results obtained by scientists have been put into use in actual production.Fish fry production has entered a period of sustainable development. So far, at least 44 species (21 families) of marine fish have been successfully bred in China. The artificial fry number of large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea) exceeded 300 million in 1999. The species whose artificial fry numbers have each surpassed 10 million annually are red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ), Japanese seabass ( Lateolabrax japonicus), cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides ), spring spawning red seabream (Pagrosomus major ) and threebanded sweethp ( Plectorhynchus cinctus ). Millions of artificial fry are bred annually in the species of black porgy ( Sparus macrocephalus ), Russell‘ s snapper ( Lutjanus russeUi ), javelin gnmt ( Pomadasys hasta ), miiuy croaker ( Miichthys miiuy) and skewband gnmt ( Hapalogenys nitens ). The fish in the family Sciaenidae are the main species in artificial propagation and breeding. Some problems and prospects on marine fish culture and stock enhancement are also discussed and some proposals for sustainable development are put forward in this article.     

Measurement of single-fish target strength in the South China Sea

We measured the target strength (TS) of three commercial fish species: whitespotted spinefoot (Siganus canaliculatus), black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), and creek red bream (Lutjanus argentimaculatus), in the South China Sea. The TS of caged or tethered fish (n=76 total) was measured using a Simrad EY60 portable scientific echosounder at 120 kHz. We evaluated the relationship between TS and total length (TL, cm) for the three species. This is the first attempt to use split-beam acoustics to measure single-fish TS in the South China Sea by Chinese researchers. Our results will improve the accuracy and precision of acoustic abundance estimates of commercially important species and further the development of underwater acoustic survey techniques in fisheries in the South China Sea.     

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL REGULATIONS OF ARTEMIA n-3 HUFA CONTENT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF BLACK SEABREAM (SPARUS MACROCEPHLUS) LARVAE

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Effect of n-3 HUFA levels in rotifers and Artemia on growth and survival of larval black sea bream （Sparus macrocephalus）

Requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid) for growth and survival of black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was studied using rotifers and Artemia at various levels of n-3 HUFA. Five treatments with rotifers and Artemia differing in n-3 HUFA were prepared by enriching them with various oil emulsions. Results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influence fish n-3 HUFA levels and are essential for growth and survival of black sea bream larvae. The results also indicated that the incorporation of n-3HUFA TG (triacylglycerols) into tissues of larval black sea bream was more effective from natural fish oil in comparison with n-3 HUFA fatty acid ethyl esters from ethyl-esterified oil.     

EFFECTS OF FISH OIL, DHA OIL AND LECITHIN IN MICROPARTICULATE DIETS ON STRESS TOLERANCE OF LARVAL GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｌａｒｖａｅｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｄｏｍａｉｎｏｆｆｉｓｈｎｕｔｒｉ ｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｔｈａｔｎ 3ｈｉｇｈｌｙｕｎｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓ (ｎ 3ＨＵＦＡ)ａｒｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓｆｏｒｍａｒｉｎｅｌａｒｖａｌｆｉｓｈ ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔｄｏｃｏｓａｈｅｘａｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＤＨＡ ,2 2 :6ｎ 3)ａｎｄｅｉｃｏｓａｐｅ…     

EFFECTS OF FISH OIL,DHA OIL AND LECITIHIN IN MICROPARTICULATE DIETS ON STRESS TOLERANCE OF LARVAL GILTHEAD SEABREAM（SPARUS AURATA）

The effects of natural fish oil,DHA oil and soybean lecithin in microparticulate diets on stress tolerance of larval gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)were investigated after 15 days feeding trials.The tolerance of larval gilthead seabream to various stress factors such as exposure to air(lack of dissolved oxygen),changes in water temperature(low)and salinity(high) were determined.This study showed that microparticulate diet with natural fish oil and soybean lecithin was the most effective for in-creasing the tolerance of larval gilthead seabream to various stresses,and that microparticulate diet with natural fish oil and palmitic acid(16:0)was more effective than microparticulate diet with DHA oil and soybean lecithin.     

Effect of artificial regulations ofArtemia n−3 HUFA content on growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae

The requirement for dietary n−3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested usingArtemia with various levels of n−3 HUFA. Four treatments withArtemia differing in their n−3 HUFA were prepared by feeding them various oil emulsions. The results indicated that dietary n−3 HUFA significantly influences fish n−3 HUFA levels and are necessary for good growth and survival of black seabream larvae. The proper value of n−3 HUFA level and DHA, EPA level inArtemia should be 4.273% and 0.873% (wet weight) for good growth and survival in black seabream larvae respectively. Contribution No. 3044 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39470562 supported by NSFC.