可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其比值，有效地揭示了湖泊沉积物物源区的化学风化程度．已成为反映古气候波动的有效指标。根据可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物的元素地球化学特征，通过CIA，ICV等元素比值的结果，揭示该地区1400AD以来化学风化作用十分微弱，因此湖泊沉积物元素组成，对气候变化非常敏感。研究表明1400AD以来该地区气候经历多次冷暖波动，且呈干旱化的趋势，1420AD左右进入小冰期，其中1480～1520AD最为寒冷，1900AD后干旱化加剧。     

晚始新世-渐新世东南印度洋沉积物源-汇过程及其古气候指示意义

晚始新世-渐新世期间南大洋及其周边地区的古气候响应研究有助于我们更好地认识地质历史上的重大气候转型机制和预测未来地球系统对于气候突变的响应, 然而迄今为止, 仍缺乏对该区域周边陆地的古气候响应研究。基于国际大洋发现计划(IODP)369航次U1516站位深海沉积物的年龄框架以及常量、微量和稀土元素组成, 确定了该沉积物主要来源于澳大利亚西南部大陆, 进而重建了构造时间尺度上物源区的化学风化历史。在此基础上, 探讨了晚始新世-渐新世气候转折期南大洋周边大陆的古气候演化过程及其对于全球气候变化和区域古地理改变的响应。在始新世-渐新世转折期[34.1, 33.6) Ma和[31.3, 29.8) Ma期间, 物源区的古气候主要受控于邻近区域古地理格局重大变化的影响, 具体表现为气候条件趋于干冷和陆表化学风化强度降低的特征。在[33.6, 31.3) Ma和[29.8, 25.2] Ma期间, 物源区的古气候则主要响应全球气候的变化, 在前一阶段由干冷向湿热转变, 而陆表化学风化强度相应增高;在后一阶段,气候保持在相对稳定的干冷状态,陆表化学风化强度也较弱。      

湖泊沉积物的矿物组成、成因、环境指示及研究进展

湖泊沉积物是不同地质、气候、水文条件下各类碎屑、黏土、自生/生物成因矿物以及有机物质等的综合体。沉积矿物蕴含着丰富区域和全球环境演变信息,如湖水的化学组成、流域构造、气候、水文以及人类活动的相互作用等。相关信息可以赋存在矿物外部微形貌、内部微结构、化学组成、物理和化学性质、同位素组成、谱学特征、成因以及共生组合等方面。因此,湖泊科学的许多关键课题都离不开矿物学,特别是在利用湖泊沉积物进行区域及过去全球变化研究中,深入的机理研究归根到底都要涉及矿物学,如流域化学风化作用、粒度组成、生物壳体化学组成、测年材料的选择等。然而,由于湖泊沉积物中矿物的多源性、复杂性,如何有效提取和解译其中的环境信息,是一项长期困扰研究者的课题,湖泊沉积矿物学的研究往往被许多研究者所忽视,中国的相关研究也较为薄弱。笔者综述了湖泊沉积物中碎屑、黏土、自生/生物矿物的矿物组合、特征、成因在(古)环境反演中的作用及最新研究进展,提出除了继续加强对湖泊沉积物中矿物来源、成因和古环境示踪的深入研究以外,矿物相间的转变及其对湖水和孔隙水组成的响应、一些非晶质或隐晶质及低丰度矿物相在湖泊化学和动力学中的作用也是很有潜力的研究领域,最后提出了研究中存在的一些问题、面对的挑战以及对研究前景的展望。     

内蒙古中部必鲁图晚更新世晚期环境演变的沉积记录

以内蒙古中部必鲁图厚度250cm的浅井湖泊剖面为研究对象,根据取得的6个光释光法测年数据,建立晚更新世晚期56.8ka以来的年代序列,对湖泊沉积特征、粒度组成、Rb与Sr含量(质量分数)之比、氧化物含量及其比值等地球化学特征进行分析,并通过综合研究各指标的气候环境指示意义,重建该地区晚更新世晚期以来的气候环境演变过程。结果表明:该地区晚更新世晚期以来气候环境变化可以分为5个阶段。第1阶段,56.8～49.5ka,沉积物有机质较丰富,化学风化作用较强,以温干偏湿气候为主;第2阶段,49.5～41.3ka,化学风化较弱,水热条件较差,气候冷干偏湿;第3阶段,41.3～20.8ka,气候转为暖湿,化学风化作用最强,为升温高降水期,末次冰期间冰段,间有小的冷湿、温干波动;第4阶段,20.8～8.2ka,各项地球化学指标均发生突变,砂楔发育,气候恶化,持续干冷,期间存在末次冰期最盛期;第5阶段,8.2～0ka,气候以温干为主,晚期气候向凉干转变趋势明显。     

新疆喀纳斯湖沉积物粒度组分所揭示的环境特征

通过对新疆喀纳斯湖沉积物进行粒度分析,结合放射性同位素210Pb、137 Cs定年,研究了喀纳斯湖沉积物粒度敏感组分特征及其环境意义。喀纳斯湖沉积物以细颗粒组分(粒径小于16μm)为主,但1814~1830年(32~35cm深度处)和1893~1903年(18~20cm深度处)这两个时期的沉积物粒度特征发生了突变,粗颗粒组分(粒径大于16μm)尤其是粒径大于63μm组分含量迅速升高。对沉积物粒度频率曲线的分析表明,这两个时期的沉积物来源或沉积动力过程发生了显著变化。基于此,首先运用粒径-标准偏差法提取了沉积物中的敏感粒度组分C2(粒径为15~238μm),进而通过敏感粒度组分与器测气象数据的相关性分析和沉积物粗粒径(C)-中值粒径(M)图分析,研究了喀纳斯湖沉积物沉积时的动力条件。组分C2的含量大小与区域春季、夏季温度有关,反映了山地春季和夏季雪、冰融水入湖的强度,组分C2含量在1814~1830年和1893~1903年这两个时期的快速增大与水动力异常偏大有关,据此识别了两次显著的洪水事件。与区域树轮、冰芯记录及文献记载的对比分析表明,洪水事件的发生与对应时期内暖湿的气候特征有关。     

苏北盆地湖沼沉积记录的30~17 cal ka BP期间的气候变化

以苏北盆地里下河地区获取的SG钻孔沉积岩心为研究对象,进行了AMS14C年代、粒度、Rb 和Sr含量分析。结果表明,苏北盆地湖沼沉积的粒度分布和Rb/Sr 比值能够很好地指示东亚季风区的气候变化。根据粒度和Rb/Sr 比值的变化,可将苏北盆地30~17 cal ka BP期间的气候变化划分为3个阶段。在30.3~25.9 cal ka BP期间,降雨量相对增多,气候相对湿润;25.9~18.3 cal ka BP期间,降雨量减少,气候相对干旱;18.3~17.1 cal ka BP期间,降雨量又明显增加,气候相对湿润,期间还可能存在变干突变。SG钻孔沉积岩心的环境代用指标与西峰黄土平均粒径、葫芦洞石笋氧同位素有着很好的可比性,并且SG钻孔沉积岩心的黏土含量趋势线与北半球30°N六月的太阳辐射强度曲线极为相似,这表明苏北盆地的气候受太阳辐射驱动下的东亚季风系统影响明显。      

豫南黄土粒度和常量元素地球化学特征及其对物源的指示意义

选取豫南驻马店地区埋藏黄土样品进行了粒度、常量元素化学测试分析,探讨了其成因与物源.结果表明:驻马店黄土的粒级组分以粉砂为主,分选较差,峰态中等.粒径频率曲线以双峰为主,而且主峰突出;常量元素分析显示,驻马店黄土来源广泛并且经过了充分混合,化学风化作用处于中等风化阶段;沉积环境判别显示,驻马店黄土大部分为典型的风成成因,但部分层位可能受到古洪水带来的河流相物质的影响;结合黄土粒度与豫东地区风场模拟分析发现,驻马店与黄土高原黄土物源有所差异,驻马店黄土中的粗颗粒是近源风尘沉积物,主要来源于黄河下游泛滥造成的风沙带,受控于冬季豫东地区近地面盛行的东北风.豫南黄土是中国黄土的重要组成部分,深入了解该套沉积物的成因与物源对于研究该地区古环境具有重要意义.      

宁南盆地古近纪沉积岩地球化学特征对沉积环境的反映

沉积物元素地球化学特征是盆地沉积环境变化的响应。通过分析沉积岩的微量元素和稀土元素含量变化特征,研究了宁南盆地古近纪气候条件、古盐度和氧化还原环境。Cu、Cs质量分数变化以及Rb/Sr比值、Sr/Cu比值特征,揭示寺口子组沉积时期至少存在一期由潮湿-干旱转变的气候事件,从寺口子组沉积末期到清水营组沉积初期,古气候由干旱变为潮湿。Sr/Ba比值和B/Ga比值反映清水营组沉积水体盐度与寺口子组相差不大,仅在石峡口水库处古盐度值极大,其他地区略有减小。寺口子组沉积过程中,水体盐度有所增加。氧化还原指标V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th、V/(V+Ni)、δU、δCe、Ce/La和Ce_anom以及氧化还原敏感元素V、U、Ni、Zn 和Cr 的质量分数变化指示清水营组沉积时期水体氧含量整体小于寺口子组沉积时期。寺口子组沉积环境以氧化环境为主,清水营组沉积水体为氧-贫氧环境。      

秭归盆地峡口剖面中侏罗统千佛崖组古气候演化的地球化学记录

通过对秭归盆地峡口剖面千佛崖组细碎屑岩样品的元素地球化学分析，恢复了区域内中侏罗世早期古气候的演化历程。结果显示:样品的化学风化指数 （ＣＩＡ）校正值的变化可分为２个阶段，在千佛崖组底部和中上部其平均值分别为８２和６４，微量元素风化指标 Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ和古气候指Ｓｒ／Ｃｕ（２．３，７．９）和 Ｃ值（１．１３，０．５２）也有相同的反映，，这指示了沉积物源区发生过由古气候转变导致的化学风化强度的减弱。利用 Ｐ元素含量与 Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ的变化特征，重建了区域古温度和古湿度的演化趋势。多元地球化学指标综合指示了研究区在中侏罗世早期为温暖、潮湿气候类型，而在中侏罗世中晚期区域内的干热化事件，使得气候转变为温暖、干旱的半潮湿气候类型，随着干热化趋势的不断加剧，最终气候过渡为干旱、炎热的半干旱气候类型，这与前人基于古植物研究得出的古气候变化过程相吻合，为盆地内中侏罗世早期古气候演化的进一步研究提供了地球化学方面的证据和参考。      

陕西榆林风沙滩区全新世气候和环境变迁

榆林长城沿线处于环境变化敏感带,其风沙滩区沉积剖面的磁化率和粒度分析结果显示,该区全新世早期11 500~10 000 a BP随着全球气候的逐渐转暖,磁化率、黏粒和粉沙含量逐渐增高;全新世中期的10 000~4 500 a BP气候相对比较湿润,植被覆盖度增大,风沙活动减弱,地表沉积物当中粉沙和黏土成分含量显著增大,风化成壤作用增强,地表发育沙质弱古土壤;全新世中期后段的4 500~3 000 a BP期间,气候以比较温和湿润为主,但在4 200~4 000 a BP出现一个气候干旱事件,风沙活动强烈;近3 000 a以来,气候显著干旱化,波动频繁,地表风沙沉积物显著变粗,表现出有5次沙漠扩张。该区生态环境演化、人文历史变迁基本上是自然因素与人为活动综合作用的结果,以自然演化为主,近代人为因素对环境变化起着加强和放大作用。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a