红海湾养殖区底质水中氮,磷的分布特征

着重研究了红海湾养殖区底质水中ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ、ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ、ＰＯ４＾３－－Ｐ、有机质及ｃ（ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ）／ｃｐ和∑ｃｎ／ｃｐ（∑ｃｎ＝ｃ（ＮＯ２＾－）＋ｃ（ＮＯ３＾－）＋ｃ（ＮＨ４＾＋）比值的分布特征，并对该湾低质水中氮、磷及有机质的季节变化及其它们之间的相互关系作了讨论，结果表明：在春、夏、；冬三个季节中，ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ的浓度比ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ及ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ高，春季ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ平均浓度为９２．６０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，占总无机氮８０．５７％；夏季浓度为４７．０４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，占总无机氮６１．６４％；冬季ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ的浓度最低，为９．６０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，占总无机氮４５．７６％；而夏季ＰＬ４＾３－－Ｐ浓度及有机质的含量比春、冬季高，分别为５３．６８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．３６２％。分析指出该湾底质水中无机     

雷州半岛近海水质环境关键因子时空变化与评价

利用2008~2011年共6个航次调查数据,对雷州半岛近岸海域关键水质环境因子进行时空分析,并采用富营养指数法对该海域水质环境进行了评价,结果表明:该海域近几年COD、PO4-P、NO2-N、NO3-N、NH4-N、石油类、叶绿素浓度等关键水质因子的均值变化范围分别为0.61~1.71 mg/L、0.01~0.04 mg/L、0.004~0.05 mg/L、0.05~0.21 mg/L、0.02~0.20 mg/L、0.01~0.60 mg/L、1.16~3.17μg/L。该海域COD、石油类污染程度较低,而PO4-P、无机氮污染程度高、污染风险大。半岛东部海域污染程度高于西部海域,尤其是湛江港、雷州湾及半岛东北海域呈高富营养化水平。     

Characteristics of nutrients in the Jiulong River and its impact on Xiamen Water, China

Water samples were collected at 20 sites on 4 occasions in 2009(twice in May,and once in both August and November) along the Jiulong River,South China to examine how nutrient inputs from the Jiulong River could affect the nutrient status of the Xiamen Water.Samples were analyzed for nitrite(NO2-N),nitrate(NO3-N),ammonium(NH4-N),phosphate(PO4-P),silicate(SiO3-Si),salinity,and temperature,to determine the nutrient and trophic status of the river.The results indicate that nutrients are derived mainly from river runoff.NO3-N was the main form of DIN in most parts of the river.In addition,NO3-N,DIN,and SiO3-Si behave conservatively.There is a surplus of DIN and SiO3-Si in the river,and PO4-P is a limitation on phytoplankton growth.The concentration of DIN is typically above 0.60 mg/dm3,and higher than 1.00 mg/dm3in most parts of the river.The concentration of PO4-P is typically above 0.02 mg/dm3,while the concentration of SiO3-Si is higher than 1.00 mg/dm3.Between 2003 and 2008,samples were collected 3 times per year(May,August and November) at 27 sites in the Xiamen Water and analyzed for NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-N,PO4-P,salinity,and temperature.We discovered that the Jiulong River was the key source of DIN into the Xiamen Water,but not PO4-P,indicating the reason of the N/P molar ratio imbalance in the Xiamen Water.In the future,the effects of high DIN concentrations on the phytoplankton communities and marine ecosystems of the Xiamen Water shall be studied.     

湛江湾夏季陆源入海氮磷污染物浓度、组成和通量

【目的】研究夏季湛江湾陆源溶解态氮(TDN)和溶解态磷(TDP)入海污染物浓度、组成和入海通量特征。【方法】根据2018年夏季(7月)湛江湾陆源TDN和TDP入海污染物现场调查,进行实验室分光光度法分析。【结果】湛江湾夏季陆源TDN和TDP平均浓度分别为(366.87±400.61)和(28.60±37.52)μmol/L;溶解态无机氮(DIN)和溶解态无机磷(DIP)平均浓度分别为(60.90±41.81)和(20.28±34.42)μmol/L;溶解态有机氮(DON)和溶解态有机磷(DOP)平均浓度分别为(305.97±413.96)和(8.32±13.54)μmol/L;夏季湛江湾排污口中TDN和TDP严重超标,大部分入海河口和排污口站位处于劣五类水质,主要位于南柳河、绿塘河和文保河入海河口。DON/TDN和DOP/TDP平均分别是83.4%和29.1%,DON和DIP分别是TDN和TDP的主要存在形态。TDN/TDP、DON/DOP、DIN/DIP平均分别是15.5±7.0、46.4±58.3、14.8±24.3,是导致湛江湾呈现氮限制重要原因之一。夏季湛江湾TDN、TDP输入通量分别为1617.73t和266.32t,其中遂溪河占比最高,分别为71.1%和58.8%【结论】湛江湾夏季陆源入海氮磷污染物浓度较高,氮磷比失衡,陆源污染物输入通量空间分布呈现西高东低特征,实现湛江湾近海水质根本改善必须加强陆源入海污染物控制。     

NUTRIENTS NEAR THE ARCTIC POLE REGION

The distributions of SiO_3-Si, PO_4-P, NO_3-N and NO_2-N concentrations in the seawater, iceand snow from 82°45′21″W, 88°01′20″N to the North Pole are reported and the exchange of thenutrients among the seawater, ice and snow are discussed. The average concentrations of the nutrients inthe seawater near the North Pole were 4.9±2.4μmol/L for SiO_3-Si; 0.60±0.10μmol/L for PO_4-P,3.4±1.7μmol/L for NO_3-N and 0.13±0.04μmol/L for NO_2-N. The nutrient concentrations inthe ice and snow in the North Pole were 0.20 and 0.65μmol/L for SiO_3-Si; 0.22 and 0.25μmol/L forPO_4-P; 1.6 and 5.8μmol/L for NO_3-N, 0.19 and 0.15μmol/L for NO_2-N.     

半叶马尾藻对N、P吸收速率的初步研究

在实验室条件下研究半叶马尾藻对不同浓度N、P以及不同化合态N的吸收速率。结果显示:不同浓度N、P下,半叶马尾藻对N、P的吸收速率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);半叶马尾藻对N、P的吸收速率随N、P浓度的升高而增加,最大吸收速率出现在N为200μmol/L、P为20μmol/L时,分别为2.397和0.229μmol·g-1·h-1;不同氮磷比条件下,半叶马尾藻对N、P的最大吸收速率出现在氮磷比为10时,在氮磷比为1~30范围内,氮磷比对半叶马尾藻吸收N、P速率的影响有统计学意义(P0.05);不同化合态N对半叶马尾藻吸收N、P速率的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),当NH4+-N和NO3--N共存时,半叶马尾藻对这2种化合态氮可同时吸收利用,各处理组间,对总无机N的吸收速率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在c(NO3--N)/c(NH4+-N)为2∶1和1∶2处有两个峰值,分别为2.036、1.862μmol·g-1·h-1,对P的最大吸收速率均出现在c(NO3--N)/c(NH4+-N)值为2∶1时,为0.206μmol·g-1·h-1。因此,在粤西沿海半叶马尾藻在消除养殖水域营养盐、防治海水富营养化方面有很大优势。     

大气降水对岷江中游成都段河流污染物特征时空分布的影响

氮素作为生态系统功能和过程的重要限制性因子,其平衡和收支研究对于深入理解和分析河流非点源污染具有十分重要的意义。利用野外原位定点采样法,通过测定降水前后岷江中游成都段河流水体中NH4+-N(铵态氮)、NO3--N(硝态氮)和DIN(总无机氮)浓度,分析了氮素污染物特征值在干、湿季节空间分布差异及其影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)NH4+-N、NO3--N和DIN浓度均在10月达到最大值,而NH4+-N和DIN在3月达到最低,NO3--N在4月达到最低,且湿季的NO3—N、DIN含量显著高于干季。(2)NH4+-N含量表现出沙河府河江安河清水河,NO3--N和DIN含量均为府河沙河江安河清水河,且NH4+-N和DIN含量在下游河段出现富集效应。(3)三种形态氮素均与前三个月、前一个月的累计降水量之和成显著的正相关关系,前三个月的累计降水量之和的变化可分别解释NH4+-N、NO3--N和DIN浓度在不同季节77%,98%和89%的差异,前一个月的累计降水量之和的变化可分别解释NH4+-N、NO3--N和DIN浓度在不同季节77%,79%和66%的差异。     

徐闻珊瑚礁保护区营养盐时空分布特征

2006年8月(夏季)、2006年11月(秋季)、2007年2月(冬季)和2007年4月(春季)在徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区灯楼角至流沙湾近岸海域调查徐闻珊瑚礁保护区的营养盐变化及空间分布特征。结果表明:徐闻珊瑚礁保护区水域溶解态无机氮以NO3--N为主,其含量超过总溶解无机氮的50%;各站点NO2--N含量相对较低,冬季NO3--N和NH4+-N含量均高于其它季节;无机磷含量在0mg/L～0.030mg/L之间变化;活性硅含量表现为夏秋季节高、冬春季节低;表层水体硝酸盐氮/无机磷原子比值(N/P)夏季较低,不存在无机磷受限情况,而冬季N/P整体较高,此时水体主要受无机磷限制。     

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE NUTRIENTS NEAR THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY WITH THE FLOW OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER WATER

Investigations from August, 1985 to July , 1986 showed that the high concentration area of PO4-P , SiO3-Si and NO3-N gradually reduced with the reduction of the area of the Changjiang River diluted water from summer, autumn to winter , and that the seasonal distributions and variations of the nutrients concentrations were mainly controlled by the river flow and were also related to the growth and decline of phytoplankton . The conservation of SiO3-Si and NO3-N in the estuary in the flood season was poorer than that in the dry season .. The behaviour of PO4-P in the estuary shows that aside from -biological removal, buffering of PCU-P is possible in the estuary . The highest monthly average concentrations and annual average concentrations in the river mouth were respectively 0.88 and 0.57 umol/L for PO4-P,191.5 and 96.2 umol/L for SiO3-Si, and 81.6 and 58.6 umol/L for NOs-N . The Changjiang's annual transports of PO4-P , SiO3-Si and NO3-N to the sea were about 1.4×104tons , 204.4×104 tons and 63.6×104     

Nutrient and eutrophication characteristics of the Dongshan Bay,South China

We recorded NO 3-N, NO 2-N, NH 4-N, PO 4-P, SiO 3-Si, salinity, and temperature data at 10 stations in the Dongshan Bay in May, June, July, August, October, and November 2008, analyzing nutrient and eutrophication characteristics. The mean concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) was 0.30–0.40 mg/dm 3; generally, NO 3-N was the main form in most areas. The mean concentrations of PO 4-P and SiO 3-Si were 0.040–0.060 mg/dm 3 and 1.00–1.50 mg/dm 3, respectively. We proved that the majority of the SiO 3-Si in the Dongshan Bay came from the Zhangjiang River, with some coming from the Bachimen Strait. DIN originated from both the Zhangjiang River and the Bachimen Strait. Most PO 4-P originated from the Bachimen Strait, and some came from the Zhangjiang River. We found that P was an overall limiting factor to the phytoplankton community in most of the Dongshan Bay, and that Si and N were in surplus. However, near the Bachimen Strait Si became a limiting factor, especially for diatoms, while P and N were in comparative surplus. We used a potential eutrophication assessment method to analyze eutrophication, and showed that the most serious eutrophication occurred near the Zhangjiang River estuary and near the Bachimen Strait. In 2008, DIN levels were four times higher than that in 1988; PO 4-P levels were threefold higher, while SiO 3-Si was approximately double. Dissolved nutrients increased between 1988 and 2008. DIN increased at the greatest rate comparing to PO 4-P and SiO 3-Si, thus the N/P and N/Si mol ratios increased. Further studies on the effects of high DIN concentrations on the phytoplankton communities and marine ecosystems of the Dongshan Bay are needed.     

无单放货的表现形式及责任

无单放货频频发生 ,导致对承运人提出的索赔案件不断发生。文章拟从无单放货的表现形式入手 ,分析每一种形式中无单放货人的法律责任     

浅析湖南省第二次土地调查省级挂图编制方法

湖南省第二次土地调查工作先后历时3年,积累的数据成果能为相应专题地图编制提供数据基础。采用人工综合与计算机自动提取土地利用图斑,多种计算机自动综合相结合缩编基本农田要素,GIS空间分析方法进行耕地图斑坡度分级等关键技术,在多种专业制图软件相互配合下,将大比例尺的湖南省土地利用数据、基本农田数据、耕地坡度数据编绘成1∶80万湖南省土地利用现状图、湖南省基本农田分布图和湖南省耕地坡度分级图,能宏观、直观展示湖南省土地利用情况、基本农田分布情况和耕地坡度分级情况,更好为国土部门土地利用规划、基本农田保护与耕地潜力评价提供决策依据。     

应用AOP实现中间件的动态Reflection

结合AOP和元架构技术给出了一种对象动态自适应的解决方案，该方案基于分离关注原理并分两阶段。首先，确保系统需要动态自适应关注点被清晰的分离；然后使各自分离的关注点能够动态自适应。最后，给出了一个原型系统的初级框架。     

地理信息系统在物联网发展中的机遇

温家宝总理于2009年11月3日在人民大会堂向首都科技界发表了题为<让科技引领中国可持续发展>的讲话.温家宝总理指出:"使中华民族跻身于世界民族之林,必须依靠科学技术.历史告诉我们,科学技术决定民族兴衰和国家命运.信息网络产业是世界经济复苏的重要驱动力.全球互联网正在向下一代升级,传感网和物联网方兴未艾.     

气象雷达图象实时压缩软件设计

先采用统计方法寻找最佳游程长度，再用HAFFMAN编码方法将雷达图象代码与游程长度代码一起偏码输出，提高了雷达图象的压缩率，达到了实时高效的压缩效果。     

Analysis of the landsat remote sensing images of the types of habitats of Yangtze alligators

The Chinese “Yangtze” alligator is a rare reptile that has been listed as an “endangered species” by the United Nations, so its preservation has become an urgent task. A study of its habitats through analysis of their Landsat images will provide a scientific basis for the government departments concerned to select the best locations for its breeding. The Chinese alligator is a subtropical reptile of freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. Found only in China, it is now distributed only in the border region between the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. On the basis of previous investigations by Chinese scientists, and from an analysis and interpretation of their Landsat images, we made a special study, review, and classification of the natural environment of the alligator’s present habitats (and the modern changes in the natural background of these hatitats) so that the government departments concerned with the preservation of the reptiles may have a scientific basis for determining the best locations for the breeding and propagation of the alligator. This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Linn. Sin. 16(1): 35–41, 1985.     

THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY OF WATER BY NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF SIMPLE LIQUID

The liquid state, especially water, has long been regarded as the most formidable problem in the field of statistical mechanics. The coefficient of viscosity of water is calculated using a simplified model based on the microstructure of water and methods similar to that used by Rice et al. (1961) who studied the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of simple liquids, such as liquid argon. derived From the Liouville equation. This work's singlet and doublet equations are somewhat different From those derived by Rice et al. (1961) and solutions were obtained by the perturbation method. The calculated coefficient of viscosity of water at different temperature. using this method agree well with standard values.     

湖北省气象局网络安全系统设计

通过介绍湖北省气象局网络安全需求，分析了现有网络系统存在的安全弱点，利用目前主要的网络安全防御技术，设计了一个整体的网络安全系统，为湖北省气象局网络安全系统的后续建设和实施提供了具体的思路。     

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE BUILT-UP AREA OF DALIAN CITY

With the astounding development and gradual improvement of remote sensing technology, as an advancedscience technology, it is used to provide multi-temporal, large scope real-time information for land-use dynamic change,and also is one of the best efficient methods for studying the earth resources and environment. Remote sensing image hasits characteristics of ample information and reflecting the objective realities. The paper uses multi-temporal TM images in1986, 1996 and 2000, and relevant statistic data to analyze land-use changes of Dalian City in Liaoning Province of Chi-na over ten years by means of the correlation analysis method. The results have shown that two methods could con-formably reflect the present land-use change. Urbanization is closely correlative to natural factors and economic develop-ment. Especially in recent 20 years, under the influence of the reform and open-up policy, Dalian, as a specific coastcity, is becoming an international metropolis.     

中国省级行政区边界形状的GIS分析

本文借助GIS软件支持,计算了我国32个省的平面轮廓形状的分维、形状指数和紧凑度。结果表明,形状复杂(边缘复杂程度高,破碎度较大)的省(区)主要集中在东部及沿海地区;形状较紧凑的省(区)主要集中在西部地区,东部省与西部省的形状特征有较大差异。另探讨了各地区的地理气候环境和历史人文特征所致的主要原因,并初步分析了各特征对交通等组织的影响。