西菲律宾海西部沉积物磁学特征及其环境意义

磁学参数作为有效的气候环境变化替代指标,能为古环境演变和沉积物物源研究提供有价值的信息。对取自西菲律宾海西部的GX72柱状样沉积物进行系统的环境磁学研究,测量了磁化率(χ)、非磁滞剩磁(ARM)、等温剩磁(IRM)、磁化率变温曲线(κ-T曲线)、磁滞回线等磁学参数或曲线。结果表明,GX72柱状样沉积物中携磁矿物以低矫顽力磁铁矿为主,粒径以较粗粒准单畴(PSD)为主,这些磁性颗粒主要来源于河流输入的陆源碎屑物质,风成粉尘较少。剖面上多个磁学参数呈现出相同或相反的变化趋势,反映古气候对沉积物磁学性质的制约。χ高值样品通常对应于高饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)值、低ARM/SIRM值、低χ_ARM/χ值以及低χ_fd值;这类沉积物样品中磁性矿物的含量相对更高,粒度相对较大,可能形成于冷期(相对)。相反,χ低值样品通常对应于低SIRM值、高ARM/SIRM值、高χ_ARM/χ值以及低χ_fd值,这类样品中磁性矿物的含量相对较低,粒径相对较小,代表相对暖期沉积。      

博格达造山带东段萨尔乔克地区早石炭世双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

博格达造山带东段萨尔乔克地区出露大量早石炭世晚期双峰式火山岩组合,其岩石类型主要有亚碱性玄武岩、英安岩和流纹岩,主体属拉斑系列。玄武岩w(SiO₂)为48.69%_~52.09%,w(TiO₂)(1.16%_~1.34%)略高于N型大洋中脊玄武岩,w(Al₂O₃)高(17.44%_~20.86%)、w(MgO)低(3.05%_~4.98%)、富钠贫钾(Na₂O/K₂O=1.82_~3.04),表明其原始岩浆发生过明显的橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶作用;玄武岩具有近于平坦的稀土元素配分模式,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.87_~1.06),相对富集Rb、Ba、P,亏损Nb、Ta、Th等不相容元素。火山岩地球化学特征表明研究区玄武质岩浆来自于亏损石榴石地幔橄榄岩在一定深度(约75 km深度)情况下发生10%_~20%的部分熔融,且受到一定程度的地壳物质混染,显示了板内玄武岩的地球化学特征,形成于陆内裂谷环境。中酸性火山岩具有较高的w(SiO₂)(70.29%_~75.46%)和全碱\[w(Na₂O+K₂O)=5.13%_~9.90%\],以及较低的w(TiO₂)(0.25%_~0.30%)、w(Al₂O₃)(12.85%_~15.88%)和w(MgO)(0.36%_~1.01%);显示右倾负斜率稀土元素配分模式,铕负异常明显(δEu为0.36_~0.86,平均为0.64),富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,指示中酸性火山岩起源于地壳物质的部分熔融,源区有斜长石残留。萨尔乔克地区双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征表明该套火山岩应形成于大陆裂谷环境,同时获得中酸性火山岩中锆石的U Pb年龄为（320.3±1.1）Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于早石炭世末期。结合进一步的地壳w(Rb)-w(Sr)和Zr/Y-w(Zr)判别图解,表明早石炭世早期开始的博格达初始裂谷在早石炭世晚期进一步快速拉张,发展到成熟阶段。这一发现进一步证实了博格达造山带在石炭纪处于大陆裂谷演化的观点,为进一步理解博格达地区晚古生代构造格局及板块构造体制提供了重要的地质依据。      

塔里木盆地轮古7井区以东奥陶系古岩溶储层碳氧同位素地球化学特征研究

轮南古潜山轮古7井区以东地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩遭受多期次的地质构造、岩溶作用及充填改造作用,岩溶缝洞系统发育,岩溶储层主要发育在一间房组、鹰山组地层内,垂向上发育在潜山面以下(200~300 m)范围内,储层类型分为裂缝型、孔洞型、裂缝-孔洞型、洞穴型岩溶储层。通过采集28个岩溶充填物样品进行碳氧同位素地球化学分析,研究了缝洞充填物的充填期次及充填环境特征。分析表明,轮古7井区以东奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶缝洞系统充填物的δ13C和δ18O值的变化范围较大,δ13C_PDB值为-7.82‰~6.03‰,平均值为-1.20‰;δ18O_PDB值为-16.13‰~-7.24‰,平均值为-10.97‰,说明该区碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用过程中受到大气降水作用明显,反映了古风化壳岩溶环境,划分了4种不同的岩溶作用与充填期次。      

北秦岭宝鸡地区早志留世鸡冠崖高分异碰撞型花岗岩

对北秦岭宝鸡地区鸡冠崖花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。结果显示，锆石206Pb/238Pb加权平均年龄为(435±2)Ma(MSWD=0.13,n=22)，限定该岩体的形成时代为早志留世。鸡冠崖花岗岩具有高硅(w(SiO₂)=72.77%~77.71%)、富钾(w(K₂O)=3.51%~6.32%)、低铁(w(Fe₂OT₃)= 0.71%~1.30%，Fe₂OT₃/MgO=2.71~7.29)、低镁(w(MgO)=0.14%~0.31%)、低磷(w(P₂O₅)= 0.05%~0.10%)的特征，A/CNK=0.94~1.10，AR=2.95~4.10，属准铝质至弱过铝质、钙碱性系列。鸡冠崖花岗岩稀土元素质量分数较低(32×10-6~102×10-6)，铕异常明显(δEu=0.22~13.83)，富集Rb、U、Th、Nd、Zr、Hf等微量元素，贫Ba、Nb、P、Ti等元素，分异程度较高(DI=89~93)，整体表现出高分异I型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料，认为鸡冠崖花岗岩形成于同碰撞构造环境，为下地壳物质部分熔融成因。      

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡群古三维区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层特征

和田河气田、玉北1井油藏的发现证实了和田古隆起作为塔里木盆地三大古隆起之一有着广阔的勘探前景,但研究程度较低。基于地震、钻井、岩心、薄片等资料综合分析,对麦盖提斜坡群古三维区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古地貌、古水系及岩溶储层发育规律进行了研究;结合古岩溶缝洞系统充填方解石碳氧同位素特征,对古岩溶储层发育及充填期次进行了分析。结果表明:后期溶蚀孔、溶洞和溶蚀裂缝是该区主要储集空间;充填方解石δ13C和δ18O的变化范围较大,δ13C_PDB为-10.22‰~3.06‰,平均值为-0.89‰,δ18O_PDB为-15.53‰~-6.21‰,平均值为-9.72‰;可划分为古风化壳裸露岩溶期、埋藏岩溶期和较晚岩溶作用期3期不同的古岩溶作用期次。      

青海引胜沟岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

祁连造山带发育有大面积的中-酸性侵入岩。引胜沟花岗质岩体位于中祁连造山带东段,主要岩性为花岗闪长岩。LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果分别为(436.9 ±5.3)Ma和(453.5 ±6.9)Ma,表明岩体是早志留世-中奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。根据岩体的地球化学特征不同可分为两组岩石:一组岩石特征为高SiO₂,w(SiO₂)为71.23%～73.65%, 高A/CNK值(1.19～1.39);镁铁(MF)指数为90～92,长英质(FL)指数为87～92,显示岩浆结晶分异程度较高;w(∑REE)=22.88×10-6～40.65×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为1.8～2.63,(Ce/Yb)_N比值为1.36～1.95;δEu=0.06～0.49,平均为0.27,负Eu异常较为明显。 另一组岩石特征为低SiO₂,w(SiO₂)为62.35%～63.73%,低A/CNK值(0.93～1.05);镁铁(MF)指数为81～82,长英质(FL)指数为61～65,与第一组岩石相比,岩浆结晶分异程度较低;w(∑REE)=94.10×10-6～235.50×10-6,(Ce/Yb)_N比值为1.43～10.49,δEu=0.82～0.92。岩石地球化学特征表明,引胜沟花岗质岩体是祁连造山带由俯冲向碰撞转换的构造环境下产生的,具有壳幔混合的特点。      

粤北扶溪岩体成因及时代:来自矿物化学、岩石地球化学及LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄证据

分析了粤北扶溪地区花岗闪长岩角闪石、黑云母矿物化学组成,全岩岩石地球化学及LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄。结果显示,花岗闪长岩中角闪石属镁角闪石,黑云母属镁质黑云母。岩石硅含量较高,w(SiO₂)为63.86%~66.19%;富碱,w(K₂O)为4.07%~4.71%,w(Na₂O)在2.42%~2.76%;铝质量分数中等,w(Al₂O₃)为14.27%~15.02%。稀土元素总量w(ΣREE)为183.22×10-6~283.31×10-6,稀土元素配分模式右倾,中等强度负Eu异常(0.62~0.80),富集Rb、K、Th、Sr、Pb、Nd等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、U、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。LA-ICP-MS锆石U Pb年龄为(440.7±3.3) Ma(MSWD=2.4,n=18)。上述分析结果表明花岗闪长岩为I型花岗岩,是早志留世岩浆活动产物,岩浆主要来源于地壳物质的部分熔融,在温度777~802℃、压力316~442 MPa和氧逸度约lgf(O2)=-14条件下侵位结晶。      

赣南崇义-永新地区上奥陶统硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

赣南崇义-永新地区上奥陶统陇溪组为一套黑色硅质岩、碳质板岩为主的地层,富含放射虫化石。硅质岩地球化学分析表明,硅质岩w(SiO₂)为84.91%~94.01%,PASS组分质量分数小于30%,指示其含有较低的陆源碎屑组分。永新陇溪剖面硅质岩具有较高的Al/( Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.55~0.79)和Al₂O₃/TiO₂(20.19~25.30)值,为正常的海相非热液沉积,崇义黄背剖面上部硅质岩Al/( Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.45~0.57)和Al2O3/TiO2(7.83~10.25)值明显减小,为含基性火山碎屑非热液成因。赣南陇溪组硅质岩Ce/Ce*值为0.82~1.02,Y/Ho值为24.44~26.68,均形成于大陆边缘环境,其中永新陇溪剖面硅质岩∑REE+Y质量分数与PASS组分相近,崇义黄背剖面硅质岩∑REE+Y质量分数大部分是PASS组分的2~3倍,指示崇义硅质岩形成的环境更加开阔,这些硅质岩中的陆源组分可能来自于赣中古陆。      

浙江淳安银山银铅锌多金属矿床硫铅同位素地球化学特征

银山银铅锌多金属矿是近几年来在该区域发现的中型以上的银铅锌多金属矿床,为地层-构造-岩浆综合控制型矿床。运用矿区的黄铁矿矿石S、Pb同位素示踪的方法探讨了矿床成矿物质来源。矿区黄铁矿和方铅矿的硫同位素组成δ34S值为-1.5‰~27.9‰,且硫同位素分布直方图中显示3种来源特征,指示成矿物质来源可能为海水、地层或岩浆。Pb同位素组成μ(238U/204Pb)值特征、Zartman构造模式、Δγ-Δβ成因分类研究表明,矿区矿石铅为幔-壳混源,指示物源主要来自于中生代岩浆热液,而非海底热液沉积物。综合表明银山银铅锌多金属矿床是中生代岩浆热液型矿床。      

南岭地区五团岩体锆石 LA-ICP-MS- U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质构造意义

五团岩体位于南岭地区西段,主要岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩。利用LA-ICP-MS微区原位测试技术,对五团岩体黑云母二长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年及CL显微结构分析。结果表明:2件锆石样品的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为(211±0.95)Ma(MSWD=0.08)和(227±3.2)Ma(MSWD=1.9),结合前人获得的年龄数据,认为岩体形成于晚三叠世中期且具有多次侵位;岩石具高硅、富铝、高钾特征,w(SiO₂)70.54%～72.55%,平均71.67%;w(Al₂O₃)13.62%～14.55%,平均14.03%;w(K₂O)4.18%～5.28%,平均4.85%;全碱(Na₂O+K₂O)7.09%～7.89%,平均7.51%;K₂O/Na₂O比值1.44～4.51,平均2.02;总体属铁质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列过铝质花岗岩类;Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti表现为明显亏损,Rb、Th、U、K、La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Hf、Sm、Y、Yb、Lu等则相对富集,w(∑REE)62.07×10-6～149.58×10-6,平均126.68×10-6,δEu值0.26~0.50,地球化学特征表明花岗岩为S型花岗岩,源岩主要为中、上地壳变质杂砂岩;花岗岩微量元素构造环境判别图解主要显示为后碰撞构造环境。基于岩石成因、构造环境判别以及区域构造演化过程,推断五团岩体形成于印支晚期后碰撞环境,是加厚地壳在碰撞应力减弱、深部压力降低等条件下部分熔融的产物。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s