O2和H2O对脉冲电晕分解NO的影响

在脉冲电晕放电条件下，探讨了O2和H=O对NO分解反应过程的影响，并对复杂组分中NO的分解特性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明，脉冲电晕放电对NO分解反应具有一定的促进作用，可有效地分解模拟烟气中的NO，脱除效率随脉冲电压的增加而缓慢增加；受O2和H2O影响，NO分解转化率较N2氛围略有降低。     

远东拟沙丁鱼抗氧化肽对Caco-2细胞氧化应激损伤的影响

对远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops sagax)蛋白进行蛋白酶解和膜分离,得到分子质量100~3 000 u(F1)、3 000~10 000 u(F2)和大于10 000 u(F3)的多肽组分。在生化水平上测定各组分对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、羟基自由基和过氧自由基清除能力;在细胞水平上,以H2O2对Caco-2细胞的毒性及细胞内抗氧化体系的影响为检测指标,筛选最适浓度的H2O2建立细胞氧化应激模型;在建立该模型的基础上,进一步检测蛋白多肽F1对氧化应激损伤细胞的修复功能。结果表明:组分F1对DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基和过氧自由基清除能力最强,清除率分别为56.03±0.14、86.26±0.32、38.34±1.70、54.85±0.75;100μmol/L的H2O2对细胞毒性作用较小,并可降低细胞中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,增加丙二醛(MDA)的含量,细胞氧化应激模型选择H2O2浓度为100μmol/L;在该模型条件下,F1对受损的Caco-2细胞中抗氧化体系中的GSH-Px、T-SOD、POD的活性和MDA、GSH的含量有一定恢复作用,可调节细胞中失衡的抗氧化体系。远东拟沙丁鱼多肽FI对细胞氧化应激受损有一定保护作用。     

应用2H、18O同位素示踪华北平原石家庄包气带土壤水入渗补给及年补给量确定

采集2个不同深度包气带土壤水2H、18O同位素剖面ZK1,ZK2,应用天然稳定同位素2H、18O示踪的方法,研究了华北
山前冲积平原石家庄地区包气带土壤水入渗补给的历史演化特征。结果显示,研究区内,以0.05m 为取样间隔,δ2H、δ18O值可
以明显指示出大气降水及灌溉水入渗补给时间—剖面深度位置的年际对应关系。ZK2的δ2H、δ18O值随着埋深的增大出现周期
性的波动,具有分层现象的岩性差异并不明显,说明ZK2剖面以活塞流的入渗方式补给地下水。在0~3.90m深度,δ2H、δ18O值
显示降水和灌溉水的入渗补给时间为2011年10月至2001年11月。18O峰值位移法计算补给量的结果显示,降水、灌溉水通过包
气带补给地下水的垂向运移速度为38.5~65.0cm/a,年均入渗补给量为131.3~185.3mm。同时,对比2003年及2005-2007
年降水量数据,说明少雨年份农业灌溉用水量的大小对当地地下水的入渗补给量起着关键性作用。      

基于大脉冲电流的磁刺激器设计

为了研究磁刺激对大鼠脑缺血再灌注功能恢复的影响,利用储能电容对线圈放电产生脉冲磁场的原理,设计制作了一套磁刺激电源电路。晶闸管作为开关元件控制电容的充放电,结果在负载回路中得到脉冲大电流,电流流经线圈在其周围空间产生强脉冲磁场。实验有助于进一步探索磁刺激对生物体的保护作用机理。     

基于OMI数据的中国NO2时空分布与人类影响分析

近年来,空气质量不断恶化,严重威胁人类身体健康。二氧化氮(NO2)作为人类排放的重要污染物之一,实时监测其时空分布及含量,对空气质量研究及公众安全预警具有重要意义。本研究利用搭载在AURA卫星上的OM(IOzone Monitoring Instrument)传感器反演获取的2005年1月至2010年12月中国区的NO2数据,探究了NO2的时空分布特征及其人类影响。结果表明:中国NO2浓度上升趋势显著,6年来总NO2柱浓度(TotNO2)和对流层柱浓度(TropNO2)净增值分别为0.61×1015molec/cm2和0.63×1015molec/cm2,年均增长率为2.47%和5.69%;全国绝大部分地区NO2浓度呈增长趋势,但增长速率在空间上有所差异,表现为东部沿海地区大于西部欠发达地区。在全国尺度上,NO2呈现显著的时空分布差异特征:空间上,总体呈东高西低态势;时间上,东部地区的NO2浓度冬季明显高于夏季,西部地区则相反。最后,对比分析了TropNO2/TotNO2与人类足迹的相关性,结果显示二者间呈显著相关,且冬季最大,夏季最小。同时,分析发现各地地区生产总值和全国汽车保有量与对流层NO2间呈较强相关性。表明人类活动和经济发展是导致大气中NO2增多的主要原因。     

壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物的制备及其催化性能

采用微波辐射加热法使壳聚糖与水杨醛反应生成壳聚糖希夫碱,然后将其与铜盐配位得到壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物,用UV、FTIR、TG表征产物的结构,并探讨该配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。研究结果表明:壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物对过氧化氢有良好的催化活性,常温(25℃)常压,pH=7.0的条件下放置12 h,催化H2O2的分解达99.8%,该配合物重复使用3次还保持较好的催化活性。     

胶东玲珑矿田石英脉型金矿床中流体包裹体特征研究

玲珑矿田含有两种类型金矿床,一是蚀变岩型金矿床,二是石英脉型金矿床。该文重点研究玲珑金矿田西山矿区石英脉型金矿床中流体包裹体的特征。石英脉型金矿床分布在玲珑帚状构造之中,含金石英脉受"帚状构造"的断裂和节理控制,有300余条。流体包裹体显微观察研究表明,玲珑石英脉型金矿新鲜花岗岩和钾化花岗岩主要含有H2O包裹体,其次有少量H2O-CO2包裹体;(黄铁)绢英岩通常含较粗粒石英集合体,石英中有丰富的H2O,特别是H2O-CO2包裹体;金矿体(含金石英脉)含有明显数量的H2O-CO2包裹体;特别是存在较大的三相H2O-CO2包裹体。不同期次(世代)石英中H2O和H2O-CO2包裹体的大小、形态、相对含量和丰度变化较大。     

壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物的制备及其催化性能

采用微波辐射加热法使壳聚糖与水杨醛反应生成壳聚糖希夫碱。然后将其与铜盐配位得到壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物。用UV、FTIR、TG表征产物的结构，并探讨该配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。研究结果表明：壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物对过氧化氢有良好的催化活性。常温（25℃）常压．pH=7．0的条件下放置12h,催化H2O2的分解达99．8％。该配合物重复使用3次还保持较好的催化活性。     

氧化亚铜可见光催化降解罗丹明B的初步研究

以Cu2O粒子为光催化剂，太阳光为光源，研究了Cu2O粒子对可溶性染料罗丹明B的光催化降解情况。并考察了不同光源，光照时间，催化剂用量，双氧水加入量和溶液的酸度等对罗丹明B光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明，Cu2O粒子在太阳光照射下，能较好地降解罗丹明B，其最佳反应条件为：罗丹明B浓度为5mg／L，催化剂（Cu2O）为0．75g／L，pH值为5．2，H2O2加入量1．0％，反应时间25min。此条件下，罗丹明B的降解率达到100％，即与在500W高压汞灯紫外（λ=365nm）光照有相同的降解效果。     

新疆阿克苏断层H2浓度影响因素及映震效能分析

利用相关和回归分析方法,分析断层H2浓度与气温、气压之间的相关关系,得到气温与断层H2浓度的回归方程。通过R值评分方法对断层H2浓度回归残差进行映震效能检验,结果表明：1)气温为阿克苏断层H2浓度变化的主要影响因素,与断层H2浓度呈高度正相关;气压对阿克苏断层H2浓度变化影响较小,与断层H2浓度呈中低度负相关。2)断层H2浓度回归残差R值为0.690 7,映震效果较好,尤其是对于5级地震的平均预测对应期为23 d,优势发震区为南天山西段。     

矿物包裹体的气、液相成分测定

矿物中包裹体温度、压力和气、液相成分的测定数据是阐明矿床成因、成矿物质来源、成矿物质化学条件和成矿元素运移方式等的重要地球化学参数。本文介绍了用载气热爆—气相色谱法测定气相成分(H_2、O_2、N_2、CH_4、CO、CO_2、H_2O)和用超声波提取液相成分,再用原子吸收分光光度计法和数字离子计法分别测定阳离子(K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+))、阴离子(F~-、Cl~-)。对实验装置、工作条件和分析步骤等本文均有叙述。并以石英标样,对实验结果作了初步讨论。其中对气相成分的提取,用载气热爆法代替真空热爆法可提高工作效率五倍。     

过氧化氢对全铁测定的影响

由过氧化钠分解试样的熔融物，经水提取后，会产生大量的过氧化氢。它对重铬酸钾测定全铁的结果，会产生偏高的影响。如果加热煮沸或以饿驱除它，则所得结果将令人满意。     

The ecological risks of hydrogen peroxide as a cyanocide: its effect on the community structure of bacterioplankton

Microcystis blooms are an environmental and ecological concern that has received a serious attention. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is an environment-friendly cyanocide that is commonly used to control Microcystis blooms. While the ecological safety of H_2O_2 has been previously studied, its influence on bacterioplankton has not been investigated to date. In this study, we used mesocosm experiments to determine the influence of H_2O_2 on the dynamic changes of the community structure of bacterioplankton. By using deep-sequencing and metagenomics strategy we determined the community structures of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton assemblages that were dominated by M icrocystis at a highly eutrophic Dianchi Lake, China. The results showed that M icrocystis was more sensitive to H_2O_2 than other eukaryotic algae. More interestingly, application of H_2O_2 changed the community structure of bacterioplankton, evidenced by the emergence of F irmicutes as the dominant species in place of B acteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The H_2O_2 treatment resulted in the community of bacterioplankton that was primarily dominated by E xiguobacterium and Planomicrobium. Our results show that the abundance changed and the bacterioplankton diversity did not recover even after the concentration of H_2O_2 reached to the background level. Thus, the response of bacterioplankton must be considered when assessing the ecological risks of using H_2O_2 to control Microcystis blooms, because bacterioplankton is the key player that forms the basis of food web of aquatic environment.     

Simultaneous quantification of greenhouse gas and nitric oxide emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems: a 2-site field case study in Sichuan Basin

Quantification of greenhouse gases[nitrous oxide(N₂O)and methane(CH₄)]and nitric oxide(NO)emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems through multi-site field measurements are needed to obtain accurate regional and global estimates.N2 O,NO and CH4 emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems were simultaneously measured at two different sites with hilly topography in the Sichuan basin,southwest China by using the static chamber gas chromatography technique.Results showed that annual soil N₂O and NO fluxes for the treatment receiving N fertilizer ranged from 6.34-7.71 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 and 0.69-0.85 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1,respectively,while decreased soil CH4 uptakes by 26.4%as compared with no N fertilizer addition across our two sites of experiment.Overall,the average direct N2 O and NO emission factor(EFd)were 0.71%and 0.12%,respectively,which were both lower than the available EFd for subtropical conventional vegetable systems.This finding indicates that current regional and global estimates of N₂O and NO emissions from vegetable fields are likely overestimated.Background N₂O emissions(3.42-3.62 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1)from the subtropical conventional vegetable systems were relatively high as compared with available field measurements worldwide,suggesting that background N₂O emissions cannot be ignored for regional estimate of N₂O emissions in subtropical region.Nevertheless,the significantly intra-and inter-annual variations in N₂O,CH₄ and NO emissions were also observed in the present study,which could be explained by temporal variations of environmental variables(i.e.soil temperature and moisture).The differences in N₂O and NO EFd and CH₄emissions between various vegetable systems in particular under subtropical conditions should be taken into account when compiling regional or global inventories and proposing mitigation practices.     

PROMOTIVE EFFECT OF Se ON THE GROWTH AND ANTIOXIDATION OF A BLUE-GREEN ALGA SPIRULINA MAXIMA

ItwasreportedthatthegrOwthofthedrinediatomffelassforiraPsethenana(Hust.)HasleetHeiIndaldependedonSe(Priceetal.,1987).ThisreqUirementissPecificforSe;nootherelementscansubstituteforit,becauseSecaninduceglutathioneperoxidase(GSH-PoD)activityinthisdiatom(PriceandHarrison,l988),andinlow-CO2-grooCham~nasreinhandiiDangerad(Yokotaetal.,l988).ThisenZyInac-tivitywdetectedinextractsOfablue-greenalgaGleeoCaPasp.LB795(TotaandGallon,l979),andalsoincultUredhigherplancells(Drotaretal.,1985),butw…     

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Denitrification and Associated N2O Release in Estuarine and Marine Sediments

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)have been widely used in medicine and consumer products.And it enters the river in dif-ferent ways,then finally converges to the ocean through the estuary.AgNPs polution can affect NO₂?and N₂O production by denitri-fiers in aquatic system.The effects of AgNPs on denitrification activity,nitrogen transformation and nitrous oxide(N₂O)emission were investigated in Dagu River Estuary(DRE)and Jiaozhou Bay(JZB).The results showed that the potential denitrification activity(PDA),NO₃?and NO₂?reduction rates decreased with an increase of AgNPs concentration in DRE and JZB.However,the N₂O ac-cumulation was significantly increased at AgNPs concentrations above 5 mg kg^?1in both areas,and the accumulation rate was greater in estuary than in bay(P<0.05).Moreover,the total bacterial count showed a slightly increasing trend with an increase of AgNPs concentration(P>0.05)in DRE and JZB.Importantly,the relative abundance of narG,nirS and nosZ gene in two areas decreased with the increase of AgNPs concentration,and the negative effect of AgNPs varied in order:nosZ>nirS>narG,inferring that the expression of denitrifying related genes could be significantly and differently inhibited by AgNPs addition.Thus,this study demon-strated that the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on different denitrification process,which may lead to the increase of inorganic nitrogen accumulation and N₂O realease.This study provides a scientific basis for the further studies of AgNPs on the ecological impact mechanism and environmental effects of offshore sedimentary environment.     

Preparation of low molecular weight Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its anticoagulant activity

Heparin has been used as an anticoagulant drug for many years, but it has significant side ef fects. In the search for good substitutes, low molecular weight(MW) polysaccharides from S argassum fusiforme have been examined and confi rmed to possess biological activities. Here, S. fusiforme polysaccharides(SFP) were extracted and subjected to a hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) oxidation method for the preparation of low-MW SFP(LSFP). The effects of temperature, pH, and H_2O_2 concentration on the degradation process were also examined. Several LSFP of 36, 9, 5.7, and 2.7 kDa were obtained under different conditions, and their anticoagulant activities studied in vitro. The results showed that SFP and LSFP prolonged activated partial thromboplastin(APTT), prothrombin(PT) and thrombin times(TT) significantly, indicating that these low MW polysaccharides possessed anticoagulant activity in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common coagulation pathways. As these ef fects were related to the MW of the polysaccharides in APTT and TT but not in PT, the contents of the monosaccharide fucose and sulfate and the polysaccharide MW could have exerted combined ef fects. The details of this mechanism require further verifi cation.     

Molecular Weight Controllable Degradation of Laminaria japonica Polysaccharides and Its Antioxidant Properties

In this study, molecular weight controllable degradation of algal Laminaria japonica polysaccharides(LPS) was investigated by ultrasound combined with hydrogen peroxide. Three main factors, i.e., ultrasonic power(A), ultrasonic time(B), and H_2O_2 concentration(C) were chosen for optimizing parameters by employing three-factors, three-levels BBD. The influence of degradation on structure change and antioxidant activities was also investigated. A second-order polynomial equation including molecular weight(Y) of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides and each variable parameter, i.e., ultrasonic power(A), ultrasonic time(B), and H_2O_2 concentration(C), was established: Y=20718.67-4273.13A-4000.38B-1438.75C+2333.25AB+1511.00AC+873.00BC+2838.29A~2 + 2490.79B~2+873.04C~2. The equation regression coefficient value(R~2 = 0.969) indicated that this equation was valid. The value of the adjusted determination coefficient(adjusted R~2 = 0.914) also confirmed that the model was highly significant. The results of selected experimental degradation conditions matched with the predicted value. FT-IR spectra revealed that the structures of LPS before and after degradation were not significantly changed. Antioxidant activities of LPS revealed that low Mws possessed stronger inhibitory than the original polysaccharides. The scavenging effects on superoxide radicals was the highest when IC50 of crude LPS was 4.92 mg mL~(-1) and IC50 of Mw 18.576 KDa was 1.02 mg mL~(-1), which was fourfold higher than initial polysaccharide.